KITCHENER (MANNHEIM) WATER TREATMENT PLANT DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM REPORT FOR 1993, 1994 AND 1995

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1 KITCHENER (MANNHEIM) WATER TREATMENT PLANT DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM REPORT FOR 1993, 1994 AND 1995 ONTARIO MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY

2 Note: This report does not address the outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis, experienced in Kitchener during the Spring of 1993, which was attributed to the drinking water supply. The outbreak was investigated by the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, the Medical Officer of Health and Regional staff of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Other reports, on this event, are available.

3 DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM KITCHENER (MANNHEIM) WATER TREATMENT PLANT 1993, 1994 AND 1995 REPORT INTRODUCTION The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP) for Ontario is a monitoring program providing immediate, reliable, current information on drinking water quality. The DWSP officially began in April 1986 and is designed to include all municipal supplies in Ontario. At the end of 1995, 129 supplies were being monitored. The DWSP was initiated at the Kitchener (Mannheim) water treatment plant in the spring of This is the second report and it presents data from 1993 to PLANT DESCRIPTION The Kitchener (Mannheim) water treatment plant is a conventional treatment plant which treats water from the Grand River. Raw water is pumped 10 kilometres from the Grand River to the Mannheim treatment facility. The process consists of pre-ozonation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration (choice of dual media filters or granular activated carbon (GAC) filters) and disinfection. This is a newly constructed plant which commenced operation in the spring of 1992 and has a design capacity of 72 x 1000 m 3 /day. The Kitchener (Mannheim) water treatment plant, together with the many wells in the Kitchener groundwater supply, serve a population of approximately 147,100. SAMPLING AND ANALYSES Stringent DWSP sampling protocols were followed to ensure uniformity. Sample lines in the plant were flushed prior to sampling to ensure that the water was representative of its origin and not residual water standing in the sample line. Attempts were made to capture the same block of water at each sampling point by taking the retention time into consideration. Retention time was calculated by dividing the volume of water between two sampling points by sample day flow e.g. if the retention time within the plant was five hours there would be a five hour interval between the raw and treated sampling, similarly, if it was estimated that it took approximately one day for the water to travel from the plant to the distribution system site, this site would be sampled one day after the treated water from the plant. Page 2

4 To obtain a representative raw water sample, free from added chemicals, at plants using chlorine for zebra mussel control, the operator was required to turn off the chlorine feed to the mouth of the intake and allow enough time for the chlorine free water to reach the sampling site. Plant operating personnel routinely analyzed parameters for process control. At all distribution system locations, two types of samples were obtained, standing (water that had been in the household plumbing and service connection for a minimum of six hours) and free flow (fresh water from the distribution system main after the sample tap was flushed for five minutes). The standing samples were used to assess changes in the levels of inorganic compounds and metals due to leaching from, or deposition on, the plumbing system. The only analyses carried out on the standing samples, therefore, were laboratory chemistry and metals. Plant raw and treated water, the Mannheim reservoir, which contains a mixture of plant treated and groundwater from a nearby well field were sampled for the presence of approximately 190 parameters divided into the following groups: bacteriological, inorganic and physical (laboratory chemistry, field chemistry and metals), organic (chloroaromatics, chlorophenols, pesticides and PCB, phenolics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and volatiles) and radiological (radionuclides). A survey of selected water plants was initiated in late 1994 for N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and analysis for a group of disinfection by-products, Haloacetic Acid (HAA) compounds, was added in Analyses, other than radionuclides, were conducted at the Ministry of the Environment and Energy laboratory in Etobicoke, Ontario. Radionuclides were analyzed by the Ministry of Labour. RESULTS Field measurements were recorded on the day of sampling and were entered onto the DWSP database as submitted by plant personnel. Table 1 provides information on delay time between the raw and treated water sampling, flow rate, and treatment chemical dosages. Table 2 provides a summary of all results by parameter and by water type. If a parameter was never detected, the total number of samplings is recorded. If a parameter was detected at any level in any sample, the detailed results for all samples are provided. Results reported without a '<T' remark are greater than the statistical limit of detection for that method as established by the Ministry of the Environment and Energy and are quantifiable. A trace (<T) Page 2

5 denotes that the level reported is greater than the method detection limit but cannot be quantified. Guidelines and detection limits are also reported on Table 2. DISCUSSION DISCUSSION IS LIMITED TO: RESULTS FOR TREATED AND DISTRIBUTED WATER; PARAMETERS WITH CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE GUIDELINE VALUES; ORGANICS DETECTED AT SIGNIFICANT LEVELS. GENERAL Water quality was judged by comparison with the Ontario Drinking Water Objectives (ODWOs) 1. In the absence of an Ontario Drinking Water Objective (ODWO), guidelines/limits from other agencies were used. These guidelines were obtained from the MOEE's Parameter Listing System database. BACTERIOLOGICAL Guidelines for bacteriological sampling and testing of a supply are developed to maintain a proper supervision of its bacteriological quality. Routine monitoring programs by the operating authority usually require that multiple samples be collected in a given system. Full interpretation of bacteriological quality cannot be made on the basis of single samples as taken by DWSP. Standard plate count was the only bacteriological analysis conducted on the treated and distributed water. No results were above the guideline. INORGANIC & PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY) Calcium levels were found below the European Economic Community Aesthetic Guideline Level of 100 mg/l in 98% of the treated and distributed water samples. Colour in drinking water may be due to the presence of natural or synthetic organic substances as well as certain metallic ions. Colour is measured in True Colour units (TCU). Colour levels were maintained below the ODWO Aesthetic Objective of 5 TCU in 98% of the treated and distributed water samples. Elevated conductivity is often associated with high hardness levels. Conductivity was above the European Economic Community Aesthetic 1 Ontario Drinking Water Objectives Revised 1994 ISBN Page 3

6 Guideline Level of 400 umho/cm in all 55 of the treated and distributed water samples with a maximum reported value of 1139 umho/cm. The ODWOs indicate that a hardness level of between 80 and 100 mg/l as calcium carbonate for domestic waters provides an acceptable balance between corrosion and encrustation. Water supplies with a hardness greater than 200 mg/l are considered poor and possess a tendency to form scale deposits and result in excessive soap consumption. Hardness levels were above 200 mg/l in 64 of 65 treated and distributed water samples with a maximum value of mg/l. Magnesium levels were below the European Economic Community Aesthetic Guideline Level of 30 mg/l in 98% of the treated and distributed water samples. Dissolved solids (residue filtrate)were below the ODWO Aesthetic Objective of 500 mg/l in 94% of the treated and distributed water samples. METALS The measure of aluminum in treated water is important to measure the efficiency of the treatment process. The ODWOs indicate that a useful guideline is to maintain a residual below 100 ug/l as aluminum in the water leaving the plant to avoid problems in the distribution system. Aluminum levels were maintained below the ODWO Recommended Operational Guideline of 100 ug/l in 89% of the treated and distributed water samples. Manganese, in high concentrations, can contribute to laundry staining and undesirable tastes. Manganese levels were below the ODWO Aesthetic Objective 50 ug/l in 97% of the treated and distributed water samples. The presence of elevated concentrations of metals, such as copper and lead, in the standing samples in the distribution system indicates that household taps should be flushed, until the coolest water temperature is obtained, before water is used for consumption. The concentration of lead and other metals can increase while the water is standing in the service line and home plumbing. The health related ODWO for lead is applied to the free flowing sample. Antimony was detected above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 6 ug/l in 1 of 65 treated and distributed water samples with a maximum value of 17.0 ug/l. DWSP has occasionally detected elevated antimony levels at other locations. This is due to improper sampling techniques where the acid used to preserve the metals sample is added to plastic (PET) bottle before the sample is taken. The plastic becomes etched and elevated antimony levels are detected. Page 4

7 ORGANIC CHLOROAROMATICS The results of the chloroaromatic scan showed that none were detected above trace levels. CHLOROPHENOLS The results of the chlorophenol scan showed that none were detected above trace levels. HALOACETIC ACIDS Analysis of routine DWSP samples started in Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) is one of a group of compounds which are referred to as disinfection by-products (DBP). Chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant in the water treatment process, reacts with naturally occurring organic matter (humic acid) to form disinfection by-products. These compounds include trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids and haloacetonitriles. Haloacetic acids are comprised of Monochloroacetic Acid, Dichloroacetic Acid, Trichloroacetic Acid, Monobromoacetic Acid, Bromochloroacetic Acid, Dibromoacetic Acid and Total Haloacetic Acids. Total Haloacetic Acids were detected in all treated and distributed water samples in 1995 to a maximum level of 48.6 ug/l. There is presently no ODWO for HAAs. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has proposed a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 60 ug/l. N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is an organic compound and a by-product of some industrial processes employing nitrites or amines under acidic conditions. It can also occur during the water treatment process if the precursor 'dimethylamine' is present and reacts with chlorine. A special survey of selected DWSP plants was initiated in late The results of the NDMA test showed that none was detected. ORGANICS / PESTICIDES / PCB The results of the organic/pesticide/pcb scan showed that none were detected above trace levels in the treated water samples. Atrazine was detected at positive levels in the raw water along with traces of desethyl atrazine. The treatment process including Page 5

8 granular activated carbon (GAC) filters is successful in removing these pesticides. POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS The results of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon scan showed that none were detected. SPECIFIC PESTICIDES The results of the specific pesticide scan showed that none were detected in the treated water samples. VOLATILES The detection of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes at low, trace levels may be a laboratory artifact derived from the analytical methodology. Trace levels of styrene are considered to be laboratory artifacts resulting from the sample shipping containers. 1,1-Dichloroethane was found a positive level in 1 of 65 treated and distributed water samples. The maximum observed level was 0.9 ug/l. There is no guideline available. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are produced during the water treatment process and will always occur in chlorinated waters. THMs are comprised of chloroform, chlorodibromomethane, dichlorobromomethane and bromoform which occurs occasionally. While results are reported for the individual compounds only total THM results are discussed. Samples from the distribution system were quenched with sodium thiosulphate to stop the further production of THMs in the sample bottle thus providing a more representative estimation of the THMs consumed in tap water. Total trihalomethanes were detected in all treated and distributed water samples to a maximum level of 94.1 ug/l in the treated water and 49.9 ug/l in the distributed water. This was below the ODWO Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) of 350 ug/l. Page 6

9 RADIOLOGICAL RADIONUCLIDES There are more than 200 radionuclides, some occur naturally, others are man-made. The radionuclides of interest based on health effect are tritium, strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-137 and radium-226. The gross beta and gross alpha determinations are suitable for preliminary screening except for tritium which must be measured separately. Radionuclides are measured in becquerels per litre (Bq/L). No results were above the available guidelines. CONCLUSIONS No known health related guidelines were exceeded in the DWSP sapmles. The presence of atrazine, dicamba and other pesticides detected in the raw water indicates that this raw water source is influenced by agricultural activity. The Kitchener (Mannheim) water treatment plant, for the sample years 1993, 1994 and 1995, produced water of an acceptable quality and this was maintained in the distribution system. Page 7

10 TABLE 1 DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM KITCHENER (MANNHEIM) WTP SAMPLE DAY CONDITIONS AND TREATMENT CHEMICAL DOSAGES FOR 1993, 1994 AND 1995 OZONATION COAGULATION COAGULATION AID POST CHLORINATION OZONE ALUM LIQUID POLYELECTROLYTE CHLORINE DELAY * FLOW DATE TIME(HRS) (1000M3) JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC MAY JUN NOV DEC * THE DELAY TIME BETWEEN THE RAW AND TREATED WATER SAMPLING, SHOULD ESTIMATE THE RETENTION TIME. Page 8

11 KEY TO TABLE 2 A B C D F G I N/A ONTARIO DRINKING WATER OBJECTIVES (ODWO) 1. Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) 1+. MAC for Total Trihalomethanes 2. Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration (IMAC) 3. Aesthetic Objective (AO) 3*. AO for Total Xylenes 4. Recommended Operational Guideline 5. Health Related Guidance Value HEALTH & WELFARE CANADA (H&W) 1. Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) 2. Proposed MAC 3. Interim MAC 4. Aesthetic Objective (AO) WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) 1. Guideline Value (GV) 2. Tentative GV 3. Aesthetic GV US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) 1. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) 2. Suggested No-Adverse Effect Level (SNAEL) 3. Lifetime Health Advisory 4. EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC) 1. Health Related Guideline Level 2. Aesthetic Guideline Level 3. Maximum Admissable Concentration (MADC) CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH-GUIDELINE VALUE NEW YORK STATE AMBIENT WATER GUIDELINE NONE AVAILABLE NOTE: - Parts per million (ppm) is equivalent to mg/l. - Parts per billion (ppb) is equivalent to ug/l. - Parts per trillion (ppt) is equivalent to ng/l. Page 9

12 LABORATORY RESULTS, REMARK DESCRIPTIONS. No Sample Taken BDL Below Detection Limit/Minimum Measurement Amount <T Greater Than Detection Limit But Not Confident (SEE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ABOVE) <TE <RD Greater Than Detection Limit But Not Confident (SEE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ABOVE) Below Reported Detection Limit > Results Are Greater Than The Upper Limit < Results Are Less Than The Lower Limit <=> Approximate Result!48 No Data: Sample Age Exceeded 48 Hours!AR!AW!BT!CR!CS!EF!FC!IC!ID!IR!IS!LA!LP!MT!NA!ND!NP No Data: No Numeric Results No Data: Analysis Withdrawn No Data: Sample Broken In Transit No Data: Confirming Reanalysis Not Performed No Data: Contamination Suspected No Data: Laboratory Equipment Failure No Data: Foil Cap Contaminated Sample No Data: Improper Sample Container No Data: Insufficient Data To Perform Calculation No Data: Insufficient Sample No Data: Insufficient Sample No Data: Laboratory Accident No Data: Perishable Test Queued Late No Data: Sample Missing In Transit No Data: No Authorization To Perform Analysis No Data: Not Analyzed No Data: No Procedure Page 10

13 !NR!OP!PE!PR!QU!RE!RN!RO!RR!RS!SF!SM!SS!ST!TE No Data: Sample Not Received No Data: Obscured Plate No Data: Procedure Error: Sample Discarded No Data: Preservative Required No Data: Quality Control Unacceptable No Data: Received Empty No Data: No Numeric Results No Data: No Numeric Results No Data: No Numeric Results No Data: No Numeric Results No Data: Sample Frozen No Data: Sample Missing No Data: Sample Improperly Preserved No Data: No Numeric Results No Data: Turbidity Limit For Colour Exceeded!U No Data: Sample Unsuitable For Analysis!UB!UI!UN!UR!WP A A3C No Data: Bottle Broken No Data: Undetermined Interference No Data: Result Unreliable No Data: Unpreserved Sample Required No Data: Wrong Preservative Used Approximate Value Approximate, Total Count Exceeded 300 Colonies A> Approximate Value, Exceeded Normal Range APL APS AR> ARO CID Additional Peak, Greater Than, Not Priority Pollutant Additional Peak, Less Than, Not Priority Pollutant Approximate Value, Exceeded Normal Range Additional Information In Laboratory Report Calculated Data Page 11

14 CMS CRO EDC NAF PSS RID RMP RRR RRV S24 S46 Identity Confirmed By GC/MS Calculated Result Only Exceeds ODWO Not All Required Tests Found Particulate Present In Sample Ioncal Calculated on Incomplete Data Set P and M-Xylene Not Separated Result Obtained by Repeat Analysis Rerun Verification Sample Settled 20-40% During One Minute Test Period Sample Settled 40-60% During One Minute Test Period S6+ Sample Settled Over 60% During One Minute Test Period SFA SIL SPS U48 UAL UAU UCS UIP UNF UNH UQC UST WQA WSD Sample Filtered: Filtrate Analyzed Sample Incorrectly Labelled Several Peaks, Small, Not Priority Pollutant Unreliable: Sample Age Exceeded 48 Hours Unreliable: Sample Age Exceeded Limit Unreliable: Sample Age Unknown Unreliable: Contamination Suspected Unreliable: Insufficient Preservative Used Unreliable: Container Not Filled To Top Unreliable: Sample Not Homogeneous Unreliable: Laboratory Quality Control Problem Unreliable: Sample Bottle Leaked In Transit Water Quality Analysis Section Result Wrong Sample Description On Bottle Page 12

15 TABLE 2 BACTERIOLOGICAL FECAL COLIFORM MF / E COLI MF (CT/100ML ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 0 (A1) 1993 JAN FEB 50 <=> MAR 50 <=> APR AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN BDL FEB 30 <=> APR JUN 40 <=> AUG OCT DEC FEB 40 <=> MAY 10 <=> JUN DEC STANDRD PLATE CNT MF (CT/ML ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 500 (A3) 1993 JAN. 2 <=>. 5 <=> FEB... 2 <=> MAR APR. 4 <=> 14 2 <=> JUL... 1 <=> AUG. 0 <=> SEP. 1 <=> 4 <=> 1 <=> OCT. 1 <=> 2 <=> 2 <=> DEC. 5 <=> 2 <=> 0 <=> DEC. 6 <=> 3 <=> JAN.. 0 <=> 2 <=>. Page 13

16 1994 FEB. 4 <=> 8 <=> 0 <=> MAR... 0 <=> APR <=> 0 <=> MAY... 2 <=> JUN. 4 <=> AUG. 5 <=> 40 5 <=> OCT DEC. 6 <=> 1 <=> 3 <=> FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 14

17 TABLE 2 BACTERIOLOGICAL TOTAL COLIFORM MF (CT/100ML ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 5/100ML (A1) 1993 JAN FEB MAR 800 A3C APR AUG SEP OCT A3C DEC 1100 A3C DEC JAN BDL FEB 140 <=> APR 5000 A3C JUN A3C AUG OCT!LA DEC FEB MAY JUN NOV DEC T COLIFORM BCKGRD MF (CT/100ML ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR 8400 A3C APR AUG SEP OCT A3C DEC A3C DEC JAN 500 <=>.... Page 15

18 1994 FEB APR A3C JUN A3C AUG FEB MAY JUN NOV DEC Page 16

19 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (FIELD) FLD CHLORINE (COMB) (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT FEB MAY OCT NOV DEC FLD CHLORINE FREE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN Page 17

20 1994 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 18

21 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (FIELD) FLD CHLORINE (TOTAL) (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC FLD PH (DMNSLESS ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = (A4) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC Page 19

22 1994 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 20

23 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (FIELD) FLD TEMPERATURE (DEG.C ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 15 (A3) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC FLD TURBIDITY (FTU ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 1.0 (A1) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC Page 21

24 1993 DEC JAN FEB APR MAY JUN AUG OCT FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 22

25 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) ALKALINITY (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.200 GUIDELINE = (A4) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC CALCIUM (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.050 GUIDELINE = 100 (F2) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC Page 23

26 1994 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) CYANIDE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.001 GUIDELINE = 0.2 (A1) 44 SAMPLES. BDL BDL.. CHLORIDE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.200 GUIDELINE = 250 (A3) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR Page 24

27 1994 MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 25

28 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) COLOUR (TCU ) DET'N LIMIT =.200 GUIDELINE = 5 (A3) 1993 JAN <T BDL 1993 FEB BDL 1993 MAR <T APR <T.500 <T <T.500 <T 1993 JUL <T BDL 1993 AUG <T SEP BDL.600 <T BDL 1993 OCT <T BDL BDL 1993 DEC BDL BDL 1993 DEC <T JAN <T FEB BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 MAR <T BDL 1994 APR <T BDL BDL BDL 1994 MAY <T BDL BDL BDL 1994 JUN AUG <T BDL BDL BDL 1994 OCT <T <T.800 <T.600 <T 1994 DEC BDL BDL 1995 FEB MAY <T BDL 1995 JUN OCT <T BDL 1995 NOV DEC <T CONDUCTIVITY (UMHO/CM ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 400 (F2) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC Page 26

29 1994 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) EST CONDUCTIVITY (UMHO/CM ) DET'N LIMIT = N/A GUIDELINE = N/A 1995 FEB MAY JUN!ID!ID!ID.. DIS INORGANIC CARBON (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.200 GUIDELINE = N/A 1994 OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC DISS ORG CARBON (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.100 GUIDELINE = 5.0 (A3) 1993 JAN Page 27

30 1993 FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 28

31 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) FLUORIDE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.010 GUIDELINE = 1.5 (A1) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR !IS 1994 APR <T MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 29

32 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) HARDNESS (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.200 GUIDELINE = (A4)* 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC * ODWO indicates water supplies with hardness > 200 mg/l are considered tolerable; hardness > 500 mg/l in drinking water is unacceptable for most domestic purposes. Page 30

33 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) IONCAL (DMNSLESS ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR NAF.506 NAF.443 NAF APR JUL NAF NAF 1993 AUG NAF NAF NAF SEP NAF.911 NAF NAF NAF NAF 1993 OCT DEC RID NAF 1993 DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY NAF NAF.215 NAF NAF NAF 1994 JUN AUG OCT POTASSIUM (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.010 GUIDELINE = 10 (F2) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR Page 31

34 1994 APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 32

35 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) LANGELIERS INDEX (DMNSLESS ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC RID DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY NAF.875 NAF NAF NAF 1994 JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY MAGNESIUM (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.020 GUIDELINE = 30.0 (F2) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB Page 33

36 1994 MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 34

37 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) SODIUM (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.020 GUIDELINE = 200 (A3) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC AMMONIUM TOTAL (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.002 GUIDELINE = 1.5 (C3) 1993 JAN <T..004 <T.008 <T 1993 FEB <T MAR <T.002 <T APR.206 BDL BDL.006 <T.008 <T 1993 JUL <T.006 <T.006 <T 1993 AUG <T.002 <T SEP.134 BDL BDL <T 1993 OCT.236 BDL BDL DEC <T <T.006 <T 1993 DEC <T.. Page 35

38 1994 JAN.806 BDL BDL BDL.006 <T 1994 FEB BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 MAR <T 1994 APR <T.004 <T.004 <T.002 <T 1994 MAY <T.008 <T.004 <T.004 <T 1994 JUN <T.006 <T AUG <T BDL OCT.010 <T.010 <T BDL BDL BDL 1994 DEC.006 <T!CR.006 <T!SM!SM 1995 FEB MAY.102 BDL BDL.006 <T BDL 1995 JUN.010 <T.006 <T BDL OCT.. BDL.006 <T NOV <T BDL.004 <T.004 <T 1995 DEC.350 BDL BDL BDL.004 <T TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) NITRITE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.001 GUIDELINE = 1.0 (A1) 1993 JAN <T..001 <T.003 <T 1993 FEB <T.003 <T.003 <T.004 <T 1993 MAR <T.001 <T APR <T.001 <T.001 <T.002 <T 1993 JUL <T.001 <T BDL.002 <T 1993 AUG.052 BDL.001 <T SEP.074 BDL BDL.002 <T.003 <T 1993 OCT.077 BDL BDL.002 <T.002 <T 1993 DEC.072 BDL.001 <T.004 <T.004 <T 1993 DEC <T.002 <T JAN.053 BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 FEB <T BDL.002 <T.003 <T 1994 MAR <T.004 <T 1994 APR.049 BDL BDL BDL.002 <T 1994 MAY <T.002 <T.002 <T.003 <T 1994 JUN <T.001 <T AUG <T.002 <T BDL OCT.104 BDL BDL.003 <T.002 <T 1994 DEC.080!CR.002 <T!SM!SM 1995 FEB <T Page 36

39 1995 MAY.045 BDL BDL BDL BDL 1995 JUN <T.002 <T OCT.. BDL.002 <T.003 <T 1995 NOV.051 BDL BDL BDL BDL 1995 DEC BDL BDL NITRATE (TOTAL) (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.005 GUIDELINE = 10.0 (A1) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) NITROGEN TOT KJELD (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.020 GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN FEB MAR Page 37

40 1993 APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR !IS 1994 APR MAY JUN AUG OCT <T DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC PH (DMNSLESS ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = (A4) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY Page 38

41 1995 JUN OCT NOV DEC TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) PHOSPHORUS FIL REACT (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.001 GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 JAN.038 BDL FEB <T.001 <T MAR <T.001 <T APR.030 BDL.001 <T JUL.016 BDL.002 <T AUG.014 BDL BDL SEP.008 BDL.001 <T OCT.056 BDL.002 <T DEC.035 BDL.004 <T DEC <T.004 <T JAN <T BDL FEB BDL APR.027 BDL.001 <T MAY.002 <T BDL.001 <T JUN BDL BDL.001 <T AUG <T.002 <T OCT <T.002 <T DEC.028!CR BDL!SM!SM 1995 FEB.020 BDL.001 <T MAY <T <T 1995 JUN.011 BDL BDL OCT <T NOV.026 BDL BDL.001 <T.001 <T 1995 DEC.020 BDL BDL.001 <T.001 <T PHOSPHORUS TOTAL (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.002 GUIDELINE = 0.40 (F2) 1993 JAN <T FEB <T.003 <T MAR <T APR <T.008 <T.. Page 39

42 1993 JUL <T AUG <T.004 <T SEP <T.004 <T OCT <T.006 <T DEC <T.004 <T DEC <T.006 <T JAN <T.002 <T FEB <T.002 <T APR <T.004 <T MAY <T.004 <T JUN <T.004 <T AUG <T.002 <T OCT.030 BDL.008 <T.006 <T DEC <T.004 <T.004 <T.006 <T 1995 FEB <T BDL MAY <T.004 <T BDL.008 <T 1995 JUN <T.006 <T OCT.. BDL BDL BDL 1995 NOV <T BDL BDL BDL 1995 DEC.038 BDL BDL BDL BDL Page 40

43 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) RESIDUE FILTRATE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT = GUIDELINE = 500 (A3) 1993 JAN CRO CRO FEB CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1993 MAR CRO CRO APR CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1993 JUL CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1993 AUG CRO CRO CRO SEP CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1993 OCT CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1993 DEC CRO CRO CRO CRO 1993 DEC CRO CRO CRO JAN CRO CRO CRO 1994 FEB CRO CRO CRO 1994 MAR CRO CRO 1994 APR CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1994 MAY CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1994 JUN CRO CRO CRO AUG CRO CRO CRO CRO CRO 1994 OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC SILICATES (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.020 GUIDELINE = N/A 1993 FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN Page 41

44 1994 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC Page 42

45 TABLE 2 CHEMISTRY (LAB) SULPHATE (MG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.500 GUIDELINE = 500 (A3) 1993 JAN FEB MAR APR JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG OCT DEC FEB MAY JUN OCT NOV DEC TURBIDITY (FTU ) DET'N LIMIT =.010 GUIDELINE = 1.0 (A1) 1993 JAN <T..210 <T FEB <T.230 <T MAR <T.200 <T APR <T.130 <T.150 <T.160 <T 1993 JUL S AUG S S SEP <T.050 <T.030 <T OCT <T DEC BDL.010 <T DEC <T.030 <T.. Page 43

46 1994 JAN S <T FEB <T.040 <T MAR APR S S MAY S JUN S AUG S OCT DEC <T FEB <T.030 <T MAY <T <T JUN <T.050 <T OCT <T NOV BDL.020 <T.020 <T DEC BDL BDL.010 <T.110 TABLE 2 METALS SILVER (UG/L ) DET'N LIMIT =.050 GUIDELINE = 200 (D3) 1993 JAN BDL BDL. BDL BDL 1993 FEB BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1993 MAR BDL BDL BDL APR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1993 JUL BDL.120 <T BDL BDL BDL 1993 AUG BDL BDL BDL SEP BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1993 OCT BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1993 DEC BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1993 DEC BDL BDL BDL JAN BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 FEB BDL BDL.110 <T BDL BDL 1994 MAR... BDL BDL 1994 APR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 MAY BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 JUN BDL BDL BDL AUG BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 OCT BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1994 DEC BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1995 FEB BDL BDL BDL.. Page 44