, 25Pa. 75Pa N1 P1 ,,N1 P1 N2. ;oddball

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1 294 3 ( ) : : (oddball) 14 ( ) (25Pa) (75Pa) : 11 Cz 25Pa 75Pa N1 P1 N2 25Pa N1 P1 75Pa N2 N1 P1 N2 : (75Pa) ;oddball PAIN2EVO KED POTENTIALS IN AN ODDBALL D ESIGN TAO Chun2Li HAN Ji2Sheng L UO Fei (Neuroscience Research Instit ute Peking U niversity Beijing ) Abstract Objective : To eliminate the psychological influence on pain evoked potential and get further access of human cent ral mechanisms of pain. Met hods : An oddball design was adopted. Fourteen hu2 man subject s were recruited. Elect ric stimuli of two different intensities ( moderate non2pain and mod2 erate pain respectively) were delivered to the middle finger of the right hands via surface electrodes. Elect roencep halograp hic ( EEG) signals were recorded concurrently wit h stimulation markers. subject accepted two experimental sessions. In one session painf ul stimuli were set as t he oddball tar2 get and non2painful stimuli as the standard. In the other session the design was reversed. Evoked po2 tentials of painf ul target (25 Pa) and pain standard (75 Pa) stimulation were compared. Result : In t he 11 subjects with qualified data three components of pain2evoked potentials were identified in vertex Cz site i. e. N1 P1 and N2 for both 25Pa and 75Pa stimuli. Statistical analysis showed that the am2 plitudes of 25Pa at Cz/ N1 and Cz/ P1 were significantly larger than those of 75Pa while no statistical difference was found for Cz/ N2. Single dipole modeling identified t heir likely source as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for N1 paracent ral lobule for P1 and posterior cingulate cortex for N2. Conclusion : Pain evoked potential in t his oddball design (75 Pa in particular) are more switable for objective evalua2 tion of pain. Key words Pain evoked potentials ; Oddball paradigm 20 ( Bromm Kakigi et al. 1989) Each 3 ( ) : (010) ; edu. cn

2 295 ( Bjerring Kakigi Bromm Towell ) ERPSYSTEM (BeriSoft Cooperation Germany ) P [1 ] (5 ) [2 3 ] Becker [4 ] Bromm (Bromm 1984) (Base ) P (Curatolo M 1997) 8 10 [5 ] P ( Oddball) P300 (Squires Duncan2Johnson. 1977) 8 (480 ) 1 : (odd2 3 4 (25Pa) ball stimulus) ; (75Se) 4 ( standard stimulus) (25Se) (75Pa) ( ) AN T EEG/ ERP (AN T Inc ) 2. DS7A ( Digitimer Ltd (A1) 5 k 512Hz England) 1 30Hz : ( 1) ( ) /

296 ) ASA (AN T Inc 1 63 Fig. 1 EEG(electroencephalogram) of some channels. The figure 63represents the mark of the trigger N2 11 t 1. 25Pa N1 P1 14 25Pa 75Pa 75Pa N2 7. 3 0. 1 7. 4 0. 2 7. 6 0.

3 296 ) ASA (AN T Inc 1 63 Fig. 1 EEG(electroencephalogram) of some channels. The figure 63represents the mark of the trigger N2 11 t 1. 25Pa N1 P Pa 75Pa 75Pa N ( 1) ( 2) 3. ASA 14 25Pa N1 P1 N2 ( 3) 25Pa Pa 14 75Pa Pa Cz N1 N2 P Pa 25Pa Fig. 1 Components of Evoked potentials of painful target stimulation (25Pa). The group average waveform of the painful target stimulation from electrode Cz is displayed. Three components N1 P1 and N2 were identified. (75Pa) stimulation. Similar waveform was observed for standard pain 2. Cz N1 P1 N Pa Pa 75Pa (V) Table 1 Mean amplitudes of each evoked potential component from 25Pa and 75Pa stimulation (V) N1 P1 N2 P value Pa 75Pa (ms) Table 2 Mean latencies of each component from 25Pa and 75Pa stimulation ( ms) 25Pa 75Pa N1 P1 N P value

4 Pa 75Pa Table 3 Source dipoles parameters of the three components from 25Pa and 75Pa stimulation Position(mm) X Y Z Magnitude (nam) GOF( %) Power RMS(V) N1 25Pa Pa P1 25Pa Pa N2 25Pa Pa Pa?? Bromm [4 ] [6 ] ( ) (75Pa ) 25Pa 75Pa N1 75Pa P1 N2 [79 ] [10 ] [11 ] 25Pa N1 75Pa (25Pa) [12 (25Pa) ] (75Pa) [13 ] 75Pa P1 25Pa ; [14 2 ] [15 ] 25Pa N1 P1 75Pa 25Pa 75Se 25Pa

5 298 man brain as assessed by cerebral event related potentials. Neuroscience Letters g Hutchison WD Davis KD Lozano AM et al. 2 2 Pain2related neurons in t he human cingulate cor2 tex. Nat Neurosci g Casey KL Minoshima S Morrow TJ et al. Comparison of human cerebral activation pattern during cutaneous warmt h heat pain and deep cold pain. J Neurophysiol g Craig AD Reiman EM Evans A et al. Func2 tional imaging of an illusion of pain. Nat ure 1 Becker DE Yingling CD Fein G. Identification of pain intensity and P300 component s in t he pain evoked potentials. Elect roencep halograp hy and Clinical Neurophysiology : Zaslansky R Sprecher E Katz Y et al. Pain2e2 voked potentials : what do t hey really measure? Elect roencep halograp hy and Clinical Neurop hysio2 logy 1996a 100 g Zaslansky R Sprecher E Tenke CE et al. The P300 in pain2evoked potentials. Pain 1996b 66 g Becker DE Haley DW Ure? a VM et al. Pain measurement wit h evoked potentials : combination of subjective ratings randomized intensities and long interstimulus intervals produces a P3002like confound. Pain g Weiss T Kumpf K Ehrhardt J et al. A bioad2 aptive approach for experimental pain research in humans using laser2evoked brain potentials. Neu2 roscience Letters g Chen AC Niddam DM Crawford HJ et al. Spatial summation of pain processing in t he hu g Devinsky O Morrell MJ Vogt BA. Cont ribu2 tions of anterior cingulated cortex to behavior. Brain g Rainville P Duncan GH Price DD et al. Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science g Kwan CL Crawley AP Mikulis DJ et al. An fmri study of the anterior cingulate cortex and surrounding medial wall activations evoked by noxious cutaneous heat and cold stimuli g Pain. 13 Forss N Merlet I Vanni S et al. Activation of human mesial cortex during somatosensory target detection task. Brain Research g Lim SH Dinner DS Pillay P K et al. Func2 tional anatomy of t he human supplementary sen2 sorimotor area : results of extraoperative electri2 cal stimulation. Elect roencep halograp hy and Clinical Neurophysiology g Vogt BA Finch DM Olson CK. Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex : t he anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions. Cere2 bral Cortex g

Functional MR Imaging Analysis of Pain-related Brain Activation after Acute Mechanical Stimulation

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1402 1406, September 2000 Functional MR Imaging Analysis of Pain-related Brain Activation after Acute Mechanical Stimulation Christelle Créac h, Patrick Henry, Jean Marie Caillé,