Shifts in the Intestinal Microbiota
|
|
- Gwen Hutchinson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Shifts in the Intestinal Microbiota Therapeutic Opportunities for Pre- and Probiotics? Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Kraft Foods Human Nutrition Endowed Professor Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
2 Flint et al. Nat. Rev. 2012;9:
3
4 Ackerman, Sci Am, June 2012
5 Functions of the Intestinal Microbiota Functions Protective functions against pathogenic bacteria Mechanisms/Effects Pathogen displacement Nutrient competition Production of antimicrobial factors Activation of local immune response Contribute to the intestinal barrier function Immune development IgA production Control of local and general inflammation Tightening of junctions Induction of tolerance to foods Digestive and metabolic functions Vitamin production Fermentation of nondigestible cho SCFA Dietary carcinogens metabolism Neuronal development Modulation of brain gut axis during neuronal development Motor control and anxiety behavior Buccigrossi et al., Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2013, 29:31 38
6 Contact with microbes begins in utero and proceeds in a stepwise manner during birth and early infancy Rautava et al., Nat Rev Gastro Hepatol 2012:9;
7 Cabrera-Rubio R et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96: Microgenome composition of human milk Composition of milk microgenome over time NW OW NW OW NW OW Col 1M 6M Composition of milk microgenome with route of delivery Vag NonE CS Elec CS
8 Factors affecting stability and complexity of gut microbiome in health and disease Kostic et al., Gastroenterology 2014;146:
9 Consistent taxonomic signature of microbiota maturation across different healthy children living in Bangladesh Subramanian et al., Nature 2014; doi: /nature13421
10 Persistant immaturity of the gut microbiota in children with malnutrition Subramanian et al., Nature 2014; doi: /nature13421
11 Dysbiosis with childhood diseases Disease Celiac Disease IBD IBS NEC Atopy Obesity CF Microbiota composition changes Lack of bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes along with an abundance of Firmicutes concs of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacteria levels of Escherichia coli Reduced diversity of gut microbiota Significantly % of the class Gammaproteobacteria Presence of unusual Ruminococcus-like microbes Predominance of Gammaproteobacteria diversity of gut microbiota counts of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides counts of Clostridium difficile diversity of gut microbiota Firmicutes a t expenses of the Bacteroidetes group counts of lactic acid bacteria, clostridia, Bifidobacterium spp., Veillonella spp., and Bacteroides-Prevotella spp. Buccigrossi et al., Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2013;29:31 38
12 Dysbiosis in adult disease Acute diarrhea IBD Functional bowel disorders Liver disease Energy regulation GI malignancy C. diff disease Gastroenterology, May 2014
13 What is a Probiotic? Oral probiotics are living microorganisms that upon ingestion in specific numbers, exert health benefits beyond those of inherent basic nutrition Nonpathogenic Resistant to technological processing, storage and delivery Resistant to gastric acidity and lysis by bile Viable in the gastrointestinal environment May adhere to the epithelium Produces antimicrobial substances
14 Old Dancing Russians?? 4vMs8&feature=related
15 A story long in the making First reported intakes being the injection of soured milks by Nomads >2000 years ago >100 years ago, Elli Metchinikoff, known as the pioneer of probiotics, observed complex microbial population of the colon Autointoxication Longevity in Bulgarians linked to consumption of fermented milk containing lactobacillus Abandoned colectomy for probiotic use
16 Strong Evidence Supporting Probiotic Use Clinical Condition Diarrhea Infectious adult treatment Infectious childhood treatment Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pouchitis - Preventing and maintaining remission Organism Saccharomyces boulardii, LGG LGG, Lactobacillus reuteri S. boulardii, LGG, L. casei,. Bulgaricus, S. thermophilus VSL#3 Immune response LGG, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, B. lactis, L. johnsonii, VSL#3 Atopic eczema associated with cow s milk allergy Treatment LGG, B. lactis
17 Lactobacillus improves clinical outcomes in children with acute infectious diarrhea Meta-analysis with 9 RCTs diarrhea duration diarrhea by 0.7 days frequency by 1.6 episodes on d2 Van Niel et al., Pediatrics 2002;109:
18 Condition Recommendation for Use of Probiotics in Diarrhea in Children Prevention of day-care diarrhea Prevention of nosocomial diarrhea Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Sample Size Probiotics Studied 1700 B. lactis/s.thermophilus LGG 356 LGG B. lactis/s.thermophilus 2000 LGG Saccharomyces boulardii Infectious diarrhea 3000 LGG Saccharomyces boulardii L. acidophilus LB Efficacy Persistent diarrhea 235 LGG / Guandalini S. J Clin Gastro 2008;42(S2):S53-S57.
19 VSL#3 are beneficial for maintaining remission in patients with pouchitis. 23 RCTs (n=1763) comparing probiotics with controls in IBD Probiotics assoc with induction of remission in UC (P<0.01, RR=1.51) VSL#3 (P<0.0001, RR=1.80) VSL#3 reduced the clinical relapse rates for maintaining remission in patients with pouchitis (P< , RR=1.18) Shen et al., Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014;20:21 35
20 VSL#3 induced remission in patients with mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis PRCT adult patients (n=147) Placebo vs 3.6x10 12 CFU VSL#3 1 endpoint At w6, 50% improvement in UCDAI obtained in 32% of VSL#3 vs 10% of placebo (P =.001). Sood et al., Clin Gastro Hepatol 2009;7:
21 Probiotics and antibiotic assoc diarrhea Objective Evaluate the evidence for probiotic use in the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea Source 82 RCTs, 11,811 subjects Probiotic studied - Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Steptococcus, Enterococcus and/or Bacillus Results - probiotic administration with reduction in AAD (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.68; P.001) Interpretation - insufficient to determine whether this association varies systematically by population, antibiotic characteristic, or probiotic preparation. Hempel et al., JAMA 2012;307:
22 Moderate Evidence Supporting Probiotic Use Clinical Condition Diarrhea Prevention of infection Treatment of recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea Prevention of recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea Necrotizing Enterocolitis Irritable Bowel Syndrome Organism Saccharomyces boulardii, LGG S. boulardii, LGG S. boulardii, LGG B. infantis, S. thermophilus, B. bifidus B. infantis
23 Clinical Studies of Beneficial Effects of Probiotics in Neonatal NEC Probiotic (n=72) Control (n=73) P-value # cases NEC 3 (4%) 12 (16.4%) P = 0.03 BW of NEC infants P = 0.85 GA of NEC infants P = 0.52 Age of diagnosis (d) P = 1.00 Bell staging P = NEC-associated mortality 1/3 3/12 P = 0.87 NEC and/or death 6/73 17/72 P = Bin-Nun et al. J Ped 2005;147:
24 Probiotics reduce risk of NEC in preterm neonates <33 weeks systematically review of RCTs evaluating probiotic efficacy and safety in preventing NEC Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (n=1393) estimated: risk of NEC with probiotics (RR=0.36; 95% CI, ) risk of sepsis did not differ (RR=0.94; CI, risk of death with probiotics (RR=0.47; ) time to full feeds with probiotics (-2.74 days) Short- and long-term safety needs assessment Unanswered questions include dose, duration, and type of probiotic agents Deshpande et al., Lancet 2007;369:
25 NEC Prevention with Probiotics Mihatsch. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2011;14:
26 American Pediatric Surgical Association Clinical Guidelines SUMMARY: Substantial data support routine supplementation of enteral intake with probiotics in premature infants to reduce the incidence of severe NEC (Grade A/B). No formal recommendations regarding the formulation, timing or duration of supplementation could be determined, but at least one probiotic formulation initiated in the first week of life and continued for at least two weeks appears appropriate. Downard et al., J Ped Surg 2012;47:
27 Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms alleviated by B infantis O Mahony et al., Gastroenterology 2005;128:
28 Besselink et al., Lancet 2008; 371: PRObiotics in PAncreatitis TRIAl - PROPATRIA multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT (n=298) with predicted severe acute pancreatitis aiming to assess the effects of probiotic prophylaxis primary outcome infectious complications <72h of symptom onset, randomized to receive enteral probiotic or placebo twice daily for 28 days /day Ecologic 641 Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium lactis probiotic prophylaxis with this combination of probiotic strains did not reduce the risk of infectious complications
29 Probiotic prophylaxis associated with increased risk of mortality in PROPATRIA
30 What is a Prebiotic? A prebiotic is a non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one of a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improves host health. Gibson and Roberfroid,1995 Gibson et al., 2004
31 Microbiota: breast vs bottle? Breast-fed infants dominated by bifidobacteria ( bifidofactor ) E. coli bacteroides Formula-fed infants more complex microbiota assoc with levels of pathogenic infections Harmsen et al., JPGN 2000;30:61-67
32 What s in human milk? Petherick Nature 2010;65:S5-S7
33 Maternal gut microbes actively transported to mammary gland and secreted in milk providing tolerogenic immune milieu with TGF-B2 to infant. Rautava et al., Nat Rev Gastro Hepatol 2012:9;
34 Breast milk = the natural synbiotic! Prebiotic Probiotic Synbiotic
35 Infants consuming formula with prebiotic microbiota more similar to that of breast fed infants. Oozeer R. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98(suppl):561S 71S.
36 Fecal [siga] after 8 and 26 wk of prebiotic formula Scholtens et al., JN 2008;138: Subgroup = exclusively formula fed
37 Prebiotic formula reduces cumulative incidence of infections during first 6 months of life *p<0.05 **p<0.01 Arslanoglu et al., J. Nutr. 2007;137:
38 Prebiotic formula reduces episodes of infections and fever during first 2 years of life Arslanoglu et al., J. Nutr. 2008;138:
39 Prebiotic formula reduces incidence of allergic manifestations during first 2 years of life Arslanoglu et al., J. Nutr. 2008;138:
40 Lewis et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3(5): Prebiotic reduced recurrence of diarrhea in subjects with CDAD. Objective - to determine if the prebiotic oligofructose could alter the fecal microbiota and, in addition to antibiotic treatment, reduce the rate of relapse from C difficile infection. n=142 patients stool culture confirmed oligofructose as prebiotic relapse of diarrhea more common in those taking placebo (8.3% prebio vs 34.3% placebo, P < 0.001). longer period of time from commencing antibiotic to diarrhea settling (6 vs 3 days; P = 0.007). patients who relapsed stayed in hospital longer than those who did not (53 vs 26 days, P = 0.021)
41 Galacto-oligosaccharide prevents incidence and symptoms of Traveler's Diarrhea Placebo (n=78) B-GOS (n=81) Subjects with diarrhea 30* 19 Diarrhea duration (d) 4.567* ± ± Duration of abdominal pain (d) 3.533* ± ± Duration of vomiting (d) ± ± Duration of fever (d) ± ± Duration of anorexia (d) ± ± Duration of headache (d) ± ± Duration of dizziness (d) ± ± Quality of Life (score/d) ± * ± 5.51 Drakoularakou et al., Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64:
42 Dietary inulin reduces inflammation associated with pouchitis Randomized, double-blind crossover trial on 20 subjects ileal pouch-anal anastomosis randomized to placebo or 24 g inulin for 3 wks with fecal analysis after each test period Inulin [butyrate], ph, # Bacteroides fragilis, and [secondary bile acids] in feces Placebo Inulin P-value Clinical score 1.26 (0.29) 1.00 (0.27) 0.17 Endoscopic score 1.47 (0.32) 0.95 (0.22) 0.04 Histologic score 2.61 (0.26) 2.11 (0.14) 0.04 Total PDAI score 5.39 (0.62) 4.05 (0.44) 0.01 Welters et al. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:
43 Galacto-oligosaccharide stimulated bifidobacteria and alleviated IBS symptoms Subjects with IBS (n=44) completed 12-wk crossover RCT Randomized to 3.5 g GOS, 7 g GOS or 7 g placebo daily and symptoms assessed weekly Prebiotic faecal bifidobacteria (3.5, P<0.005; 7, P<0.001). 3.5 GOS: improved stool consistency (P < 0.05), flatulence (P < 0.05), bloating (P < 0.05), composite score of symptoms (P < 0.05) 7 GOS: improved anxiety scores (P < 0.05) Placebo without effect Silk et al Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29:
44 Probiotics incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill Liu et al. Critical Care 2012, 16:R109
45 VSL#3 prevented fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes Yadav et al., JBC 2013;288:
46 VSL#3 improves NAFLD in children Alisi et al., Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:
47
48 We need to consider (and feed) this complex ecosystem Probiotic Prebiotic Healthy Microbiome
The role of nutrition in optimum gastrointestinal health
The role of nutrition in optimum gastrointestinal health Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Kraft Foods Human Nutrition Endowed Professor University Distinguished Teacher-Scholar University of Illinois
More information9/18/2018. The Physiological Roles of the Intestinal Microbiota. Learning Objectives
The Physiological Roles of the Intestinal Microbiota Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Professor and Head, Kinesiology and Nutrition University Distinguished Teacher-Scholar University of Illinois
More information7/30/2018. Nutricia North America 1. Learning Objectives
Probiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Professor and Department Head Department of
More informationProbiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D.
Probiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Professor and Department Head Department of
More informationהשפעת חיידקים פרוביוטיים
השפעת חיידקים פרוביוטיים החיים בחלל )המעי(... על רון שאול יחידת גסטרו ילדים מרכז רפואי רמב"ם Introduction The intestinal microflora primarily in the large bowel consists mostly on benign bacterial species
More informationMicrobiome GI Disorders
Microbiome GI Disorders Prof. Ram Dickman Neurogastroenterology Unit Rabin Medical Center Israel 1 Key Points Our gut microbiota Were to find them? Symbiosis or Why do we need them? Dysbiosis or when things
More informationThe Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota Where are we now? 360 B.C. 2003 Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity Ley et al., Nature. 2006. Consumer Driven Science For Better of
More informationThe impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development
The Gut-Brain Axis The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Lao-American Nutrition Institute With acknowledgements
More informationESPEN Congress Vienna Networking with your microbiota Specific evidence-based indications. H. Lochs (Germany)
ESPEN Congress Vienna 2009 Networking with your microbiota Specific evidence-based indications H. Lochs (Germany) Probiotics Evidence based indications H. Lochs Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie,
More informationProbiotics: Their Role in Medicine Today. Objectives. Probiotics: What Are They? 11/3/2017
Probiotics: Their Role in Medicine Today Viki Barr Pharm.D., BCPS AQ ID Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science Clinical Pharmacist, Infectious Diseases
More informationProbiotics for Disease Prevention and Amelioration. Neerja Hajela, PhD Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd.
Probiotics for Disease Prevention and Amelioration Neerja Hajela, PhD Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. Microbiology turns inwards Human Metagenome project and Meta Hit project reveals that the gut micro flora
More informationFormulations and Availability 900 BILLION 5,319 HIGH POTENCY PROBIOTIC PEDIATRIC ADULT GERIATRIC PROVEN BY RESEARCH. HIGH-POTENCY. NO SHORTCUTS.
Formulations and Availability S TU D I E S PE R D I S E A S E 39 LIVER Liver Disease, Cirrhosis, Liver Failure, Hepatic Encephalopathy S TU D I E S PE R AG E G RO U P Visbiome Regular Product Code: 693-0412-01
More informationProbiotics : What we Know and Where we are Going Next
Probiotics : What we Know and Where we are Going Next Neerja Hajela, Ph.D. General Manager - Science and Regulatory Affairs Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. Functional Food Market Probiotics an important
More informationProbiotics for Primary Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection
Probiotics for Primary Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection Objectives Review risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) Describe guideline recommendations for CDI prevention Discuss
More informationPrevention and Therapy of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (ADD) through Probiotics
Prevention and Therapy of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (ADD) through Probiotics DGMIM, 15.-16.10.2010 16.10.2010 Stuttgart Prof. Rémy Meier, MD GI-Department University Hospital Liestal, Switzerland
More informationNext generation of probiotics
Session: Evaluating next generation ingredients to support digestive health Wednesday 23 rd November 2016 Next generation of probiotics Louise R Wilson RD PhD Assistant Science Manager, Yakult UK Ltd LWilson@yakult.co.uk
More informationThe Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System 4 Feb 2016 The Intestinal Microbiota 10 fold more bacterial cells than human cells 100-1000 fold more bacterial genes than human genes Why does
More informationExamining the effects of pre and probiotics on gut microbiota during the ageing process
Session: Reviewing key ingredients shaping nutrition for healthy ageing Tuesday 22 nd November 2016 Examining the effects of pre and probiotics on gut microbiota during the ageing process Louise R Wilson
More informationProbiotics in Pediatric Health. AANP Annual Convention
Probiotics in Pediatric Health AANP Annual Convention Don Brown, ND July 12, 2017 Human Microbiome Richness and Metabolic Markers Human gut microbial composition was studied in 292 Danish adults Individuals
More informationGUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH? Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University Center for Research on Ingredient Safety Annual Meeting
More informationThe role of gut microbiome in IBS
The role of gut microbiome in IBS Chung Owyang, MD H. Marvin Pollard Professor of Internal Medicine Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology Chief, Division of Gastroenterology Director, Pollard
More informationProbiotics and Health
Probiotics and Health March 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 2 BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS... 4 FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTIINAL DISORDERS... 5 Irritable bowel syndrome... 5 Constipation... 6 INFLAMMATORY
More informationClinical Report Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics
FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care Clinical Report Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics Dan W. Thomas, MD, Frank R. Greer, MD, and COMMITTEE
More informationDr Warren Hyer Consultant Paediatric Gastroenterologist
Dr Warren Hyer Consultant Paediatric Gastroenterologist Probiotics a cure for all? No conflict of interest to declare Aims To change your opinion of probiotic use in children To base your decision on high
More informationPROBIOTICS NEGATIVE ASPECTS
PROBIOTICS NEGATIVE ASPECTS Dr Ismail Moola Department of Medical Gastroenterology CMJAH University of Witwatersrand Putative Benefits of Probiotics Modulate Immune Intestinal Function Increase secretory
More informationClinical Report: Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics
www.medscape.com Authors and Disclosures Author(s) Dan W. Thomas, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Head, Division of Gastroenterology
More informationEmerging Probiotic Research: A Guide to the Use of Probiotics in Clinical Practice
Emerging Probiotic Research: A Guide to the Use of Probiotics in Clinical Practice Donald Brown, ND April 13, 2010 Probiotics WHO Definition: Live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts,
More informationHomeopathic Products. Evidence??
Homeopathic Products Principle of analogy or Law of Similars Small or infinitesimal doses (3X-30C) Avogadro s number=6x10 23 = ~23X Succussion and potentization (see http://www.boiron.com/en/htm/02_medi_hom
More informationThe Gut Factor. Probiotics, the gut microbiome and human health. Thursday November 10, 2016 l 12:00 pm
The Gut Factor Probiotics, the gut microbiome and human health Thursday November 10, 2016 l 12:00 pm Dr. Elena Comelli is an Assistant Professor and holds the Lawson Family Chair in Microbiome Nutrition
More informationFonterra Probiotics: From guts to glory
Fonterra Probiotics: From guts to glory James Dekker April 16, 2015 Host Institution Probiotic bacteria Live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the
More informationMicrobiome. The Gut Microbiome function 3/6/2018. Use of probiotics for management of various GI conditions
Use of probiotics for management of various GI conditions Lina Kay PA-C Arizona Gastroenterology Associates Scottsdale, AZ Microbiome Human GI tract hosts countless microbes (estimate 100 trillions bacteria
More informationManipulating the gut microbiome
Manipulating the gut microbiome William DePaolo, PhD Associate Professor Medicine Director Center for Microbiome Sciences & Therapeutics University of Washington Microbiota The actual bugs that reside
More informationBringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute
Bringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute Jennifer T. Smilowitz, PhD Associate Director, Human Studies Research jensm@ucdavis.edu
More informationPROBIOTICS IN THE FIRST 1000 DAYS
PROBIOTICS IN THE FIRST 1000 DAYS 25 TH APRIL 2018 Rocio Martin Director Danone Nutricia Research Singapore 1 OUTLINE Probiotics Relevance of the first 1000 days Microbiota and health during the 1000 days
More informationAntibiotic Resistance and Probiotics - A Metagenomic Viewpoint
Antibiotic Resistance and Probiotics - A Metagenomic Viewpoint Neerja Hajela, PhD General Manager-Science & Regulatory Affairs Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. Outline of the Presentation Global Epidemiology
More informationProbiotic action and health and well-being of children. Seppo Salminen Functional Foods Forum Finland
Probiotic action and health and well-being of children Seppo Salminen Functional Foods Forum Finland DEFINITION OF A PROBIOTIC Probiotic:...a living microbial preparation, which beneficially influences
More informationGut Microbiota and IBD. Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI
Gut Microbiota and IBD Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI 1393.3.1 2 GUT MICROBIOTA 100 Trillion Microbes - 10 times more than cells in our body Collective weight of about 1kg in human
More informationProbiotics & prebiotics in disease - relevance for clinical practice
Probiotics & prebiotics in disease - relevance for clinical practice Ian Rowland Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading UK i.rowland@reading.ac.uk What is a probiotic? Probiotics
More informationNEERJA HAJELA, PhD Head Science Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd.
NEERJA HAJELA, PhD Head Science Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. What we already know. Functional Foods - foods that provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains.. American Dietetics
More informationUnderstanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
More informationSYNBIOTIC EFFECTS DO THEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
SYNBIOTIC EFFECTS DO THEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE? Gail Cresci, PhD, RD, LD, CNSC Associate Staff Departments of Gastroenterology/Nutrition/Pathobiology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, OH Objectives Discuss rationale
More informationGut microbiota in IBS and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and low FODMAP diet
Gut microbiota in IBS and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and low FODMAP diet Kevin Whelan PhD RD FBDA Professor of Dietetics Department of Nutritional Sciences King s College London Nutritional
More informationEED INTERVENTIONS: PRE- AND PRO-BIOTIC SAFETY
EED INTERVENTIONS: PRE- AND PRO-BIOTIC SAFETY Produced by: Dietrich, C.; Kidane, L.; Babigumira, J. Agenda Agenda Timeline Project Background and Objectives Key Takeaways Approach & Rationale Methods Results
More informationProbiotics: Implications for Pediatric Health
Probiotics: Implications for Pediatric Health PREFACE It is no longer questioned that the interplay between our genes, nutrition, and our environment hold the keys to growth, development, and health.
More informationWHAT IS THE EVIDENCE FOR PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION?
WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE FOR PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION? Roger F. Soll, MD H. Wallace Professor of Neonatology University of Vermont President Vermont Oxford Network 19 th International Symposium on Neonatology
More informationGut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche Reema Subramanian PhD Candidate (4 th year) Supervisor: Prof. Margaret Ip Department of Microbiology, CUHK Joint Graduate Student Seminar
More informationParticipants. probiotic. /placebo)
Table S1. Demographic characteristics of trials included in the meta-analysis. Study Birth weight (mean±sd) Gestation (wk) Feeding patterns Participants (probiotic /placebo) Probiotic agents Dosage Duration
More informationTargeting the Human Microbiome With Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: Gastroenterology Enters the Metagenomics Era
GASTROENTEROLOGY 2009;136:2015 2031 Targeting the Human Microbiome With Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: Gastroenterology Enters the Metagenomics Era Geoffrey A. Preidis*, James Versalovic *Interdepartmental
More informationProbiotics- basic definition
Haworth Press 2007 Probiotics Terms: Probiotic Probiotics are live microorganisms (bacteria or yeasts) which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host Prebiotic - nutritional
More informationSeppo Salminen Mimi Tang
Koletzko B. (ed): Pediatric Nutrition in Practice. Basel, Karger, 2008, pp 80 84 1 General Aspects of Childhood Nutrition 1.8 Gut Microbiota in Infants Seppo Salminen Mimi Tang Key Words M i c r o b i
More informationOur microbiome: The role of vital gut bacteria, diet, nutrition and obesity
Our microbiome: The role of vital gut bacteria, diet, nutrition and obesity Prof Kevin Whelan Professor of Dietetics King s College London @ProfWhelan #BSG2017 Speaker Declarations This presenter has the
More informationDeveloping the potential of prebiotics and probiotics as immune health ingredients
Developing the potential of prebiotics and probiotics as immune health ingredients ARTHUR OUWEHAND ACTIVE NUTRITION DUPONT NUTRITION & HEALTH 20 th November 2014, The gut microbiome The gut microbiota
More informationRegulatory challenges in the drug-food continuum. Yolanda Sanz IMI Stakeholder Forum Microbiome Brussels, Belgium
Regulatory challenges in the drug-food continuum Yolanda Sanz 19.10.2017 IMI Stakeholder Forum Microbiome Brussels, Belgium Outline Regulation of health claims on foods EU No 1924/2006 Reconciling science
More informationPROBIOTICS: WHO S WHO AND WHAT S WHAT IN THE GUT PROBIOTICS: WHAT ARE THEY, AND HOW DO THEY WORK? Karen Jensen, (Retired ND)
PROBIOTICS: WHO S WHO AND WHAT S WHAT IN THE GUT Karen Jensen, (Retired ND) Today many people are aware of the benefits of maintaining a healthy gut. As a result, probiotic use is becoming ever more popular.
More informationStudy summaries L. casei 431
This binder provides you with summaries of selected publications on Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei 431. The publications are clinical studies performed in humans documenting the effects
More informationProbiotics in the ICU. Who could benefit? Nadia J van Rensburg RD(SA) Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
Probiotics in the ICU. Who could benefit? Nadia J van Rensburg RD(SA) Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town Outline Introduction: a brief overview Probiotics: Current guidelines Reviews and Meta-analyses IBD
More informationRole of Food Matrix for Probiotic Effects
Role of Food Matrix for Probiotic Effects W. Kneifel Department of Food Science and Technology BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Hohenheim, 15 Oct.. 2010 wolfgang.kneifel@boku.ac.at
More informationThe science behind probiotics Colin Hill, APC Microbiome Institute University College Cork Ireland
The science behind probiotics Colin Hill, APC Microbiome Institute University College Cork Ireland Illustration Charis Tsevis Probiotics live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts,
More informationClinically proven to quickly relieve symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders. TERRAGASTRO - Good health starts in the gut
Clinically proven to quickly relieve symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE Referred to as gastrointestinal diseases, they are common disorders which affect the esophagus,
More informationThe Potential For Microbiome Modification In Critical Illness. Deborah Cook
The Potential For Microbiome Modification In Critical Illness Deborah Cook To review Objectives The microbiome & concepts about its modification during critical illness Interventions Predisposition to
More informationThe effect of probiotics on animal health: a focus on host s natural intestinal defenses
The effect of probiotics on animal health: a focus on host s natural intestinal defenses Guillaume Tabouret Animal Health Dept. Joint Unit 1225 Host Pathogens Interactions History of probiotics and definition
More informationComplementary & Alternative Therapies in IBD
Complementary & Alternative Therapies in IBD Laurie Rosales, APRN-CNP OSU Wexner Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Complementary & Alternative Probiotics Cannabis Fish
More informationSunday, May 1, 16.
http://6abc.com/health/healthcheck-foodsthat-may-improve-your-digestion/547915/ The world of probiotics rajiv K sharma md Dr. RAJIV SHARMA is a Board Certified Physician. He is a practicing Gastroenterologist
More informationHMP is lead by NIH but is an International Consortium.
Human Microbiome The Human Microbiome Project was one of the spin offs of the Human Genome Project. The HMP project started in 2007 with the overall goal of Characterizing the Human Microbiome and determine
More information2/3/2011. Adhesion of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 to human intestinal
PROBIOTICS LEARNING THE WHY AND WHEN PROBIOTICS DEFINITION live micro-organisms organisms that are beneficial to the host organism WHO: Live organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer
More informationWhat Are Probiotics? PROBIOTICS
PROBIOTICS What Are Probiotics? Probiotics are living, microscopic (very small) organisms that can help your gut health. Most often, probiotics are bacteria, but they may also be other organisms, such
More informationProbiotics and Prebiotics: Medicine or Myth. Objectives 5/31/2013. Speaker s Disclosure Statement & Non Commercialism Agreement
Probiotics and Prebiotics: Medicine or Myth Gregory Matsuura, Pharm.D., BCPS (AQ ID) Objectives Recall the differences between prebiotics and probiotics and their uses Identify the specific agents used
More informationPROBIONA. PROBIOTICS with 5 bacterial strains. Suitable during and after the use of antibiotics to restore intestinal microflora.
PROBIONA Probiotic supplement for adults PROBIOTICS with 5 bacterial strains Suitable during and after the use of antibiotics to restore intestinal microflora. 2.850 billion cfu per capsule guaranteed
More informationMicrobiome, allergy and inflammatory diseases
Microbiome, allergy and inflammatory diseases 1. NCDs & inflammation 2. Microbiome &GI inflammatory pathologies 3. Microbiome & autoimmunity 4. Microbiome & neurophaties 5. Microbiome & NAFLD 6. Microbiome
More informationTHE MISSING PIECE IN AUTISM DIAGNOSIS: COULD WE BE OVERLOOKING THE GUT MICROBIOME?
THE MISSING PIECE IN AUTISM DIAGNOSIS: COULD WE BE OVERLOOKING THE GUT MICROBIOME? ALTERNATIVEMEDICINE.COM SUBCONSCIOUS SUGGESTION: WE TRY HYPNOTHERAPY The Color Run: 5 TIPS TO BEAT THE BUGS HORSES THAT
More informationPrebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics: An update
Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics: An update Natalie Schellack Professor, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Yolanda Combrinck Former academic intern, School of Pharmacy,
More informationFOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY
Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Health! FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY Accreditation Date: June 16, 2015 Expiry Date: April 13, 2018 CCCEP File # 1077-2015-1424-I-P CEUs 1.5 1 Presenter Disclosure Presenter:
More informationModule Four: The GI System Module Five: The Gut Microbiome. The GI System. LLiana Shanti, CN
Module Four: The GI System Module Five: The Gut Microbiome The GI System LLiana Shanti, CN www.healthmasteryinstitute.com Review Review Review The Gut Hippocrates has been quoted as saying death sits in
More information12/1/2017. Disclosures. Objectives. The Microbiome Defined
Can Critical Illness and the Microbiome Play Nice Together? SCOTT BOLESTA, PHARMD, BCPS, FCCM ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, WILKES UNIVERSITY VISITING INVESTIGATOR, GEISINGER HEALTH SYSTEM
More informationSIMPOSIO Il microbiota intestinale e la sua modulazione nelle patologie dell asse intestino cervello. Microbiota e IBS.
SIMPOSIO Il microbiota intestinale e la sua modulazione nelle patologie dell asse intestino cervello Microbiota e IBS Cesare Cremon Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria di
More informationBreastfeeding and the Microbiome
Breastfeeding and the Microbiome JENNY WALTERS MPH, IBCLC Objectives At the conclusion of this session, participants will be able to: Identify ways the microbiota is passed from mother to baby Identify
More informationThe role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target.
Michael Connolly Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target. University of Reading 2008 www.reading.ac.uk
More informationHompes Method. Practitioner Training Level II. Lesson Seven Part A DRG Pathogen Plus Interpretation
Hompes Method Practitioner Training Level II Lesson Seven Part A DRG Pathogen Plus Interpretation Health for the People Ltd not for reuse without expressed permission Hompes Method is a trading name of
More informationDysbiosis & Inflammation
MASTERING THE MICROBIOME: Dysbiosis & Inflammation 2017 Tom Fabian, PhD It is reasonable to propose that the composition of the microbiome and its activities are involved in most, if not all, of the biological
More informationEED INTERVENTIONS 3.0
EED INTERVENTIONS 3.0 Produced by: Kidane, L.; Osterman, A.; Babigumira, J. Agenda Agenda Project Background and Objectives Approach & Rationale Methods Results Discussion and Next Steps 2 Project Background
More informationTrend and Innovation of Pro and Prebiotics in Dairy Industry
Emerging Dairy Ingredients: Innovation, Safety & Functionality Bogor, 9 June 2011 Trend and Innovation of Pro and Prebiotics in Dairy Industry Lilis Nuraida Southeast Asia Food and Agricultural Science
More informationProbiotics and prevention of NEC
Probiotics and prevention of NEC Indirect evidence Innate recognition of of bacteria in in human milk is is mediated by by a milk-derived highly expressed pattern recognition receptor, soluble CD14C MO
More information11/4/10. Making Sense of Infant Formulas, Milk Fortifiers and Additives. Components of infant formula. Goals of Growth.
Components of infant formula Making Sense of Infant Formulas, Milk Fortifiers and Additives Jae Kim, MD, PhD UCSD Medical Center Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology,
More informationNew Approaches for Bacteriotherapy: Prebiotics, New-Generation Probiotics, and Synbiotics
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE New Approaches for Bacteriotherapy: Prebiotics, New-Generation Probiotics, and Synbiotics Rachna Patel 1 and Herbert L. DuPont 1,2,3 1 University of Texas School of Public Health, 2
More informationIssues at Hand. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Paradigm. Diet changes the fecal microbiome. Experience with diet in IBD
Diet s Role in IBD David Suskind M.D. Professor of Pediatrics Director of Clinical Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology University of Washington Seattle Children s Hospital Issues at Hand Inflammatory
More informationQ What are Probiotics?
Q What are Probiotics? The word PROBIOTIC was originated from Latin and means For Life. Probiotics are good bacteria usually found in food products or supplements which play very important roles in regulating
More informationPerinatal Nutrition. Disclosure Statement. Annual Meeting of the NASPGHAN. Keynote Lecture: Nutrients in the Perinatal Environment: Lessons Learned
Annual Meeting of the NASPGHAN Chicago, ILL October 10-13, 2013 Keynote Lecture: Nutrients in the Perinatal Environment: Lessons Learned Allan Walker, M.D. Boston, MA Disclosure Statement Dr. Allan Walker
More information!Microbiology Profile, stool
LAB #: F000000-0000-0 PATIENT: Sample Patient ID: P12345 SEX: Female AGE: 37 CLIENT #: 12345 DOCTOR: Doctor's Data, Inc. 3755 Illinois Ave. St. Charles, IL 60174!Microbiology Profile, stool BACTERIOLOGY
More informationThe vital role of the microbiome in human health
The vital role of the microbiome in human health abandoning hygiene is not the way to a healthy microbiome Colin Hill APC Microbiome Institute University College Cork @colinhillucc Mixed messages? We live
More informationFaecalibacterium prausnitzii
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients PNAS 105(43): 16731-16736, 2008. Speaker: Ming-Cheng Chen Advisor:
More informationWEBINAR Microbial Metabolism Associated with Health. 12 April 2018; CET
WEBINAR Microbial Metabolism Associated with Health 12 April 2018; 15.00-16.30 CET PROGRAMME Brief Introduction of Both Organisations and Scientific Background Dr Bettina Schelkle (ILSI Europe, BE) Dr
More informationDiet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.How does it vary over the lifespan? 3.What is the evidence that diet
More informationLactobacillus bulgaricus
probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus Danone " : : * * * * * Bifidobacterium (LactobacillusCG) (Saccharomyce) (Bifidobacterium) (Antibiotic related diarrhea) GG L (Cytoprotection) B IgA lgg Probiotics -
More informationIssue 3, September usio
Issue 3, September 2014 usio 1 Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota Research Update IMPROVEMENT IN INTESTINAL HEALTH 1. A probiotic fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota improves
More informationIntestinal colonization in premature and very low birth weight infants: Influencing factors and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Wageningen University Utrecht MASTER THESIS Intestinal colonization in premature and very low birth weight infants: Influencing factors and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) M.A.M. Lohuis, BSc Master Infection
More informationProbiotics. Wide spectrum of important health benefits
Probiotics Part 1: What Are Probiotics? Probiotics are live microorganisms that inhabit the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and the skin. They are often referred to as friendly bacteria as they
More information1. Digestion of foods and absorption of nutrients takes place in stomach and small bowel in only 2-3 h.
1. Digestion of foods and absorption of nutrients takes place in stomach and small bowel in only 2-3 h. 2. The waste is then stored for 2 days in the large bowel. 3. Do modern humans need a large bowel?
More informationFecal microbiota transplantation: The When,the How and the Don t. By Dr Rola Hussein
Fecal microbiota transplantation: The When,the How and the Don t By Dr Rola Hussein Introduction Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves administration of fecal material containing distal gut microbiota
More informationManagement of Diarrhea in Critical Ill Patients CCSSA Congress Sun City 20. October 2017
Management of Diarrhea in Critical Ill Patients CCSSA Congress Sun City 20. October 2017 Prof. em Rémy Meier MD University of Basel Gastro-Center Obach Solothurn, Switzerland Outline Definition of diarrhea
More information