UNDERSTANDING WHAT YOUR BODY IS SAYING PAIN VS INJURY KURT MENAPACE, MD ATC TOBY BLOSSER, MS ATC OTC

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1 UNDERSTANDING WHAT YOUR BODY IS SAYING PAIN VS INJURY KURT MENAPACE, MD ATC TOBY BLOSSER, MS ATC OTC

2 OBJECTIVES Define Pain vs. Injury What you might be feeling now vs. later How to Treat Pain / Injury How to Prevent Pain / Injury Question & Answer

4 INJURY Physical damage to the body that restricts activity or causes disability to such an extent that the person is not capable of engaging in their normal daily exercise.

Pain includes not only the perception of an uncomfortable stimulus, but also the response to that

5 DEFINE PAIN International Association for the Study of Pain An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is a protective mechanism. Pain includes not only the perception of an uncomfortable stimulus, but also the response to that perception. Approx. 50% of people who seek medical help, do so because of their primary complaint being pain.

Acute Pain Produced by a sudden injury. Pain is < 6 months in duration.

6 Pain Continued Musculoskeletal Pain is exacerbated by movement and my be accompanied by joint swelling or muscle spasms. Acute Pain Produced by a sudden injury. Pain is < 6 months in duration. Increased Heart Rate, Increased Blood Pressure, Increase Respiration, Sweating, or Hyperventilation, Swelling, and / or Discoloration.

7 PAIN CONTINED Chronic Pain > than 6 months. Discomfort Physical or mental uneasiness; an inconvenience.

8 DISCOMFORT / PAIN

9 HOW TO TREAT PAIN Remove or find the causative factor PRICE PHYSICIAN REST Active Rest ICE COMPRESSION ELEVATION

ICE VS HEAT ICE Analgesic First 48-72 hours Decreases blood flow, swelling Decreases muscle spasms Decrease waste products (lactic

knees and elbows): Every 1-2 hours for injury Following exercise with an overuse injury 2-3 times per day Methods of Icing: Ice

10 ICE VS HEAT ICE Analgesic First hours Decreases blood flow, swelling Decreases muscle spasms Decrease waste products (lactic acid) cause spasms Cold penetrates deeper than heat Sprains, Strains, Contusions, Fractures, Overuse Injuries 20 Minutes (less for knees and elbows): Every 1-2 hours for injury Following exercise with an overuse injury 2-3 times per day Methods of Icing: Ice Bag, Ice Massage, Ice Water Immersion, Sprays PRECAUTIONS: Frostbite, Allergic Reaction Sensations of Cold Cold Burning Aching - Numbness

Elasticity Increase Swelling Chronic / Overuse Pain, Joint /

11 ICE VS HEAT HEAT Analgesic Decrease Muscle Spasm Decreases Joint Stiffness Increase Blood Flow Increases Muscle Elasticity Increase Swelling Chronic / Overuse Pain, Joint / Muscle Stiffness, Soreness Heating Pad, Hot Tub, Microwave Packs, Bath / Shower

12 HEAT CONTINUED NEVER APPLY HEAT TO: Loss of sensation Acute injury or swelling Decreased circulation Abdomen during pregnancy Avoid Burning The Skin!

subsided): Pumping Affect Decrease Pain / Spasms Recommend:

13 ICE / HEAT CONTRAST Indications: Works best with extremity injuries Decrease swelling (after the inflammatory phase has subsided): Pumping Affect Decrease Pain / Spasms Recommend: 3:1 Ratio (Heat / Cold) Heat: degrees, Cold: degrees

14 TREATING PAIN / INJURY MILD Performance not affected WHAT YOU SHOULD DO Reduce training schedule Pain experienced only after exercise Modify Exercise to take stress off the injury The area is not tender to touch RICE, OTC Medication No or minimal swelling Gradual return to full activity No discoloration

activity Modify exercise to take stress off injury Mildly tender to the

15 TREATING PAIN / INJURY MODERATE Performance mildly affected WHAT YOU SHOULD DO Physician / Rest (Active) the injury Pain before & after activity Modify exercise to take stress off injury Mildly tender to the touch RICE / OTC Medication Mild Swelling Gradual return to activity Some discoloration

See a physician Daily activities are affected by pain Normal

16 TREATING PAIN / INJURY SEVERE Pain before, during, & after exercise Performance affected by pain WHAT YOU SHOULD DO Cease all exercise See a physician Daily activities are affected by pain Normal movement affected by pain Severe pain to the touch Swelling / Discoloration

17 HOW TO PREVENT INJURIES Most frequent causes of walk / running injuries: Inappropriate Footwear Training Errors Environmental Factors Anatomical Abnormalities

18 HOW TO PREVENT INJURIES Appropriate footwear Appropriate socks Listen to your coach Do not progress to fast Walk / run on flat surface Listen to your body Cross Train Stretch Eat Nutritional Smart Hydrate Get help before it is to late!

19 Website: MICHAEL J. WOLOHAN, M.D. JAMES J. JESKO, D.O. BRYON C. CHAMBERLAIN, M.D. DANIELLE C. DUNCAN, M.D. KURT A. MENAPACE, M.D. COLLEEN A. LINEHAN, M.D. Joint Replacement, Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, ACL Reconstruction, Fracture Care, Orthopaedic Trauma, General Orthopaedics, Hand, Wrist, Foot and Ankle Care PHYSICAL THERAPY, ATHLETIC TRAINING, & FITNESS GRETA DIJAK, P.T. CHERYL HOWARD, P.T. M.S. TOBY BLOSSER, MS ATC OTC 5483 Gratiot Road Saginaw, MI (989)

WELLNESS UPDATE 2001, #1 THE PROPER TREATMENT OF ATHLETIC INJURIES

WELLNESS UPDATE 2001, #1 THE PROPER TREATMENT OF ATHLETIC INJURIES There are three common errors coaches make in treating athletic injuries: 1) not referring the athlete to a physician or other health