transmitted by midges (Culicoides spp.) world-wide prevalence unknown to central Europe until 2006 Serotype 8
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1 Bluetongue Disease of Ruminants Orbivirus 25 serotypes transmitted by midges (Culicoides spp.) world-wide prevalence unknown to central Europe until 26 Serotype 8 Bluetongue: clinical appearance Pyrexia up to 42 C, excessive salivation, depression, dyspnoea and panting nasal discharge Hyperaemia and congestion of the muzzle, lips, face, eyelids and ears oedema Ulceration and necrosis of the mucosae of the mouth Tongue may become hyperaemic and oedematous; later cyanotic and protrude from the mouth Bluetongue Extension of hyperaemia to coronary band of the hoof, the groin, axilla and perineum; lameness due to coronitis or pododermatitis and myositis Torticollis in severe cases Abortion or birth of malformed lambs Complications of pneumonia Emaciation Either death within 8 1 days or long recovery with alopecia, sterility and growth delay 3rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 1
2 Bluetongue: Vaccines live vaccines viraemia, abortion, reversion to virulence inactivated vaccines developed in 26.ff. inactivated, purified antigen (tissue culture origin) adjuvanted [Al(OH)3, Saponin] no cross protection between different serotypes Bluetongue: Epidemiology in Switzerland rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 2
3 Bluetongue: Eradication strategy culling of infected animals 28 (June) compulsory vaccination of cattle, sheep, goats 29 compulsory vaccination of cattle, sheep 21 compulsory vaccination of cattle, sheep option of waiver on request VACCINOVIGILANCE: Reports cattle 1 2'5' Bluetongue vaccination 2'' 1'5' 1'' 2 5' rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 3
4 VACCINOVIGILANCE: number of reports / 1 doses VACCINOVIGILANCE: Reports 29 abortion mastitis/cell count death fever allergic reaction local swellings lameness A probable B possible O insufficient data N unlikely rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 4
5 VACCINOVIGILANCE: Reports 21 abortion mastitis/cell count death 3 intervall vaccination/abortion <1d/>14d twins infections fever A probable B possible allergic reaction 2 5 O insufficient data local swellings 6 N unlikely Abortions from 25 to 26 in holdings following an animal care programme Data: Vetsuisse faculty, Bern 3rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 5
6 Abortions 29 assumed to be connected with BT vaccination Data: Tschuor et al. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. (21) 152, VACCINOVIGILANCE: Geographical distribution 29 and causality classification number of reports per 1' cattle A B O N 3rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 6
7 Conclusions Bluetongue disappeared from Swiss cattle compulsory vaccination provoked vaccinovigilance reports quality of reports poor reported effects rarely related to vaccination existing tools for pharamcovigilance are not suitable to assess true rate of undesired effects Acknowledgements Lisa Wüllner Marlies Schlatter Federal Veterinary Services Hansueli Ochs, Lukas Perler Cantonal Veterinary Services Zurich, Appenzell Andreas Tschuor, Vet Clinic, University Zurich Thomas Kaufmann, Vet Clinic, University Bern Veterinarians 3rd International Symposium on Veterinary Pharmacovigilance, Berlin (D), 14 December 21 7
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