BRSV BRSV BRSV. MHCclassII + CD BRSV BRSV. BRSV p. TEL FAX Immune response of vaccine and BRSV infection

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1 Immune response of vaccine and BRSV infection RS TEL FAX RS BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV p p CD CD R + T T CD T T CD T T CD B MHCclassII + CD RS RS RS BRSV BRSV BRSV Journal of Japanese Society for Clinical Infections Disease in Farm Animals Vol.4 No

2 RS BRSV BRSV BRSV BHV BVDV PI RS Ad BVDV μl TCID μl MDBK μl

3 Immune response of vaccine and BRSV infection BVDV Nose BHV μl TCID μl MDBK μl Los Angels RS μl TCID μl Vero μl Ad μl TCIDμl BFM μl PI μl TCID μl Vero μl RBC Ht WBC CELLTACα, NIHON KOHDEN FACScan, Becton Dickinson, U.S.A. EDTA Na ml rpm PBS PBS VMRD Pullman, U.S.A. MM A CD CACT B CD T ACT C CD T CAT A MHCclassII B GB A CD B CACTB A WC N γδt GC A CD R T Coulter Immunology Florida, U.S.A. MY CD PBS IgM FITC ICN Biomedicals, Inc., U.S.A. IgG PE PBS PBS Falcon 2052 tube Journal of Japanese Society for Clinical Infections Disease in Farm Animals Vol.4 No

4 RS Flowjo TreeStar. Inc., U.S.A. Student Welch BRSV BRSV χ p p Fig Fig.1. Changes in the neutralizing antibody titer to BRSV in Group I + II and Group III at the outbreak of BRS. *:p<0.05 ***:p<0.001 Table BRSV p Fig BRSV p Fig Table BRSV Fig Fig.2. Changes in the neutralizing antibody titer to BRSV in Group I + II and Group III at the 0 (on the day of vaccination), 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation with 5 way mixed live vacccine. **:p< 0.01 BRSV Fig CD T CD T CD T WC T CD MHCclassII + CD p Fig p Fig CD CD R + T CD T CD

5 Immune response of vaccine and BRSV infection Fig Fig CD T MHCclassII + CD Fig p FigWC + T p Fig χ BRSV p Table Table 1. Neutralizing antibody titers in serum (n=16 in total) BRSV BHV 1 PIV 3 BAdV 7 BVD MDV No. Jan Feb.5 08 Feb Jan Feb Jan Feb Jan Feb Jan Feb < < Group < Group * <2 < * <2 < * <2 < <2 < * <2 < * < < <2 2 < Group <2 4 < <2 4 <2 2 <2 512 < < <2 2 <2 64 < * : home grown cattle All cattle were inoculated with 5 way mixed live vaccine against BHV 1, BVD MD, PI 3, BRS, and Ad 7 at 4 7 months old. Additional vaccination with the same vaccine was given two weeks after cattle arrived at the farm or at 9 10 months old for the home grown cattle. Date of additional vaccination: GroupI; Nov.23 07, 2007 Group II; Dec Group III; Jan Table 2. The number of cattle treated for respiratory diseases during the experimental period Treated Non treated Total Group I, II Group III χ 2 test: The propotion of cattle treated in Group I + II showed significantly lower compared with Group III (p<0.01). Group I + II: Additonal vacciantion with 5 way modified live vaccine was given prior to the outbreak of BRS. Group III: Additional vaccination with 5 way modified live vaccine was given during the outbreak of BRS. Journal of Japanese Society for Clinical Infections Disease in Farm Animals Vol.4 No

6 RS Fig.3. Changes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in pre and during the outbreak of BRS in Group I + II, and Group III. Significant difference within Group I+II compared to the data of Dec : *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001 Significant difference between Group I + II and Group III on Feb : a: p<0.05, b: p<0.01 Significant difference between Group I + II and Group III on Jan : : p<0.05, : p<0.01 The outbreak of BRS continued from Jan to Feb Five cattle in Group III were inoculated with 5 way mixed live vaccine on Jan Four out of five cattle in Group III were treated with antibiotics on Feb

7 Immune response of vaccine and BRSV infection BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV Antonis PBS BRSV PBS CD T CD T CD T CD T T CD MHCclassII + CD Antonius BRSV BRSV Platt BRSV CD Peters BRSV CD T MHCclassII + CD BRSV WC T γδt Thomas BRSV CD T CD T WC T WC T Journal of Japanese Society for Clinical Infections Disease in Farm Animals Vol.4 No

8 RS BRSV Ellis Patel BRSV RS BRSV BRSV BRSV BRSV Stockhofe, N., Hensen, E. J., Lanqedijk, J. P. and Van der Most, R. G Vaccine induced immunopathology during bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: exploring the parameters of pathogenesis. J. Virol. 77 : Babcock, A., Jones, R. and Langemeier, M Examining death loss in Kansas feedlots. Beef Cattle Research 2006, Report of Prog pp , Kanzas State Univ., Manhattan. Duff, G. C. and Galyean, M. L BOARD INVITED REVIEW : Recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.85: Ellis, J., West, K., Konoby, C., Leard, T., Gallo, G., Conlon, J. and Fitzgerald, N Efficacy of an inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 218 : Fulton, R. W., Cook, B. J., Step, D. L., Confer, A. W., Saliki, J. T., Payton, M. E., Burge,L.J.,Welsh,R.D.andBlood,K. S Evaluation of health status of calves and the impact on feedlot performance: Assessment of a retained Antonis, A. F., Claassen, E. A., Hensen, E. J., De Groot, R. J., De Groot Mijnes, J. D., Schrijver, R. S. and Van der Most, R. G Kinetics of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during primary and post vaccination secondary bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Vaccine 24 : Antonis,A.F.,Schrijver,R.S.,Daus,F., ownership program for postweaning calves.can.j.vet.res.66: RS RS

9 Immune response of vaccine and BRSV infection pp T pp Patel, J. R. and Didlick, S. A Evaluation of efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves with maternal antibodies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 65 : Peters, A. R., Thevasagayam, S. J., Wiseman, A. and Salt, J. S Duration of immunity of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratry diseases caused by BHV 1, PI3V, BVDV, and BRSV in experimentally infected calves. Prev. Vet. Med. 66 : Platt, R., Burdett, W. and Roth, J. A Induction of antigen specific T cell subset activation to bovine respiratory disease viruses by a modified live virus vaccine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67 : Sandbulte, M. R. and Roth, J. A Priming of multiple T cell subsets by modified live and inactivated respiratory Immunopathol. 95 : Thomas, L. H., Cook, R. S., Howard, C. J., Gaddum, R. M. and Taylor, G Influence of selective T lymphocyte depletion on the lung pathology of gnotobiotic calves and the distribution of different T-lymphocyte subsets following challenge with bovine respiratory syncytialvirus.res.vet.sci.61: Verhoeff, J., Van der Ban, M. and Van Nieuwstadt, A. P Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in young dairy cattle: Clinical and haematological findings. Vet. Rec. 114 : Werling, D., Collins, R. A., Taylor, G. and Howard, C. J Cytokine responses of bovine dendritic cells and T cells following exposure to live or inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72 : Woolms, A. R., Loneragan, G. H., Hawkins, L. L. and Williams, S. M Baseline management Practices and animal health data reported by US feedlots responding to a survey regarding acute interstitial pneumonia. Bovine Pract. 39 : syncytial virus vaccines. Vet. Immunol. Journal of Japanese Society for Clinical Infections Disease in Farm Animals Vol.4 No

10 RS Protective efficacy and immune responses to natural infection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in beef cattle with additional inoculation of five way modified live vaccine Daisaku Watanabe 1), Momoko Taguchi 1), Takaaki Ando 2), Hiromichi Ohtsuka 1), Hidetomo Sasaki 3), Masaomi Nakasato 3), Masaaki Oikawa 1) 1) School of Veterinary Medicine,Kitasato University 2) School of Veterinary Medicine,Rakuno Gakuen University 3) Towada livestock Hygiene Service Center ABSTRACT We had been investigating the immune response to a five way mixed modified live vaccines, which contains bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). During this investigation a natural infection of BRSV occurred at a beef farm, which raises 130 Japanese Black cattle. From January 21 to February 10, 2008, 38 out of 68 investigated cattle (10 17 months of age) showed fever, cough and anorexia with marked increase in antibody titer to BRSV. All investigated cattle received the first vaccination with 5 way mixed modified live virus at 4 to 7 months of age. In order to examine the effect of the timing of additional vaccination on protection of BRSV infection, these cattle were divided into three groups according to the date of vaccination; Groups I and II received vaccination prior to the outbreak of BRSV infection, either on November 23 or December 22, 2007, respectively, and Group III was vaccinated on January 21, 2008, during the outbreak. Significantly lower incidence of treatment and higher serum neutralization antibody titers in the post vaccination serum (February 18, 2008) were observed in Groups I and II compared with Group III. In all groups, the number of granulocytes decreased, and the number of CD3 + CD45R + T (naive T) cells, CD4 + T (helper T) cells, CD8 + T (cytotoxic T) cells, CD21 + (mature B) cells and MHC classii + CD14 + cells (activated monocytes) increased significantly on January 21, These results suggest that changes of immunocytes were caused by BRSV infection. An additional inoculation of 5 way mixed modified live vaccines might be useful for prevention of BRSV infection. Key Word: antibody titer, BRSV, cattle, immunocyte, vaccination