BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX น.สพ.ฐปณ ฐ สงคส ภา สถาบ นส ขภาพส ตว แห งชาต

Transcription

1 BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX น.สพ.ฐปณ ฐ สงคส ภา สถาบ นส ขภาพส ตว แห งชาต

2 The Most Common Causes of Death Source: Department of Agriculture s Laboratories Quarterly Surveillance Report, 2015(IRELAND)

3 Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Economic loss Production loss (milk drop, carcass) Feeding cost & time (ADG, FCR) Treatment cost Labor cost Mortality DEAD Sick animals Production loss Subclinical signs Infection/noninfection?? BRDC IBR BVD MCF BRSV BCoV FLU Bacterial infection Mycotoxin Toxin Poor management

4 Enzootic Pneumonia Season effect on respiratory disease incidence Enzootic Pneumonia Youngstock and Calves Number of Outbreaks Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: NADIS Health Bulletin - Respiratory Disease of Adult Cattle

5 Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Multifactorial diseases Weather changes Malnutrition VIRUS Stress BACTERIA Pen density PARASITE Weaning BREED Transportation AGE Ventilation IMMUNE Veterinary STATUS Service Biosafety

6 Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex VIRUS BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS PARAINFLUENZA 3 BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA BOVINE CORONAVIRUS BOVINE INFLUENZA BOVINE ADENOVIRUS BOVINE RHINITIS BOVINE ENTEROVIRUS BOVINE REOVIRUS BACTERIA Mannheimia hemolytica Pasteurella multocida Histophilus somnus Mycoplasma bovis Mycoplasma mycoides

7 Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Source:

8 PATHOGENESIS VIRUS Lysis of infected cells (URT; ciliated epithelium) Disrupt function of the mucocilliary escalator BACTERIA Failure to clear bacteria from the URT Colonisation of bacteria in alveolar Source:

9 PATHOGENESIS VIRUS Apoptosis of leukocytes (CD4+) Down-regulation of type 1 IFN/ IL-2 Reduced expression of MHC-1 molecules Proinflammatory cytokines Expression of the β2 integrin Bacteria Apoptosis of leukocytes Down-Regulation of type1 IFN Reduced expression of MHC-1 Source:

10 CLINICAL SIGNS FEVER NASAL/OCULAR DISCHARGE COUGH DROOLING DEPRESSION ANOREXIA INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE INCREASED BRONCHIAL SOUNDS DYSPNEA OPEN-MOUTH BREATHING ABDOMINAL BREATHING

11 CLINICAL SIGNS Calf with severe dyspnea Source:

12

13 DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLE COLLECTION Source: National Animal Disease Information Service

14 DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLE COLLECTION Source:

15 Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex VIRUS BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS PARAINFLUENZA 3 BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA BOVINE CORONAVIRUS BOVINE INFLUENZA BOVINE ADENOVIRUS BOVINE RHINITIS BOVINE ENTEROVIRUS BOVINE REOVIRUS BACTERIA Mannheimia hemolytica Pasteurella multocida Histophilus somnus Mycoplasma bovis Mycoplasma mycoides

16 Epidemiology (Thailand) BHV-1, BRSV, PI-3 : Seroprevalence in Dairy cattle farms in Upper Northen region of Thailand (unpublished) BHV-1, PI-3, BVDV : Seroprevalence in cattle farms in Lower Northeastern region of Thailand (unpublished, 2015) The prevalence of BHV-1 in the 186 herds was 61% in 2002, decreasing to 48% in 2004 (Kampa et al., 2009)

17 Epidemiology (Thailand) Survey in central part of Thailand (12 provinces) 558/1,780 (31.3%) serum samples were positive to BHV-1 (SN>1:2) BHV1 was isolated from nasal and vaginal swab of seropositive cow after administration of dexamethazone /40 bulk milk samples were antibody positive to BHV-1 (37.3%) Source: Dr. Sukolrat Boonyayatra

18 BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 BHV-1.1 INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) BHV-1.2 INFECTIOUS PUSTULAR VULVOVAGINITIS/BALANOPOSTHITIS (IPV) BHV-1.3(5) BOVINE ENCEPHALITIS RESPIRATORY/GENITAL/ABORTION/ENCEPHALITIS/CONJUNCTIVITIS Replication in epithelial cells (Rhinotracheitis) systemic cell-associated spread Family: Herpesviridae Subfamily: AlphaHerpesvirinae ds DNA virus Encephalitis Abortion

19 BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Cause of respiratory disease in young calves Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia Syncytial formation of macrophages & pulmonary epi. Family: Paramyxoviridae Genus: Pneumovirus (-) ss RNA virus

20 BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Source:

21 BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA Mannheimia hemolytica*** Pasteurella multocida Histophilus somnus Normally inhabit UTR Loving et al., 2010 Source:

22 MYCOPLASMAL INFECTION MYCOPLASMAL PNEUMONIA = M. Bovis CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA (CBPP) = M. Mycoides RESPIRATORY DISEASE (PNEUMONIA), POLYARTHRITIS & TENOSYNOVITIS, OTITIS Source:

23 SUMMARY Multifactorial diseases DEAD Sick animals Production loss Subclinical signs Infection/noninfection?? BRDC IBR BVD MCF BRSV BCoV FLU Bacterial infection Mycotoxin Toxin Poor management

24 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION