Poultry Sector Survey

Transcription

1 CRESCENT 2007 Poultry Sector Survey Cianjur & Bandung Districts of West Java Indonesia Indonesian-Netherlands Partnership Project on the Control of HPAI

2 II P A G E

3 PREFACE The poultry sector survey in Cianjur and Bandung Districts was a joint activity between the Netherlands Partnership Project on the Control of HPAI and Crescent. This activity resulted in the comprehensive description of poultry production sector and the map of poultry sector distribution; which was expected to become valid reference in the surveillance implementation policy and vaccination strategy at field level. This activity was completed by the valuable support from local Dinas, farmers as respondents, and other related parties. Allow us to convey our highest gratitude for active participations from all parties, so that we could collect meaningful data and fruitful information in order to complete this report. We also would like to encourage all readers to convey their valuable critics in order to improve this presentation. III P A G E

4 Contents Preface...iii 1 INTRODUCTION...1 A. Background...1 B. Objectives...2 C. Outputs...2 D. Phase of Activity METHODOLOGY...3 A. Time and Location...3 B. The General Approach of Survey...3 C. Survey Instrument...4 D. Data Collecting Technique...4 E. Method of Survey...7 1/ Sampling Technique...7 2/ Estimation of Sector 4 Population Number and Density...9 3/ Biosecurity Condition WORK PLAN...12 A. Work Stage...12 B. Work Schedule ORGANIZATION...15 A. General...15 B. Personnel...15 C. Mobilization of Expert Task and Responsibility...15 D. Timeframe of Expert Deployment RESULT AND DISCUSSION...19 A. Survey Accomplishment...19 B. Poultry Sector Location / Cianjur District / Bandung District...30 IV P A G E

5 C. Disease History...40 D. Vaccination Program...45 E. Production Input and Output Flow / Sector 1 Farm / Sector 2 Farm / Sector 3 Farm / Wet market, Slaughterhouse, and Poultry Collector...59 F. Sector 4 Farm Profile / Farm Location / Farm Characteristics / Biosecurity Condition / Estimation of Population / Population Density / Avian Influenza (AI) Vaccination Status / Production Input and Output Flow...77 G. Total Poultry Population Number and Density...79 H. Poultry Sector Infrastructure / Cianjur District / Bandung District CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...95 A. Conclusion...95 B. Recommendations Appendices...Error! Bookmark not defined. V P A G E

6 1 INTRODUCTION A. Background Avian influenza is still a serious threat to Asian countries; both to humans as well as to animals. This disease is caused by a virus of H5N1 subtype of A type which has been known to be very dangerous and had caused death to over 140 people and millions of birds. The first case of H5N1 virus infection was detected in Hongkong in 1997 and reemerged around Asia throughout Currently, the virus has spread to some areas in Indonesia and in other Asian countries which drove serious concern over the possibility of a new virus by mutation that could transfer among humans and has the potency to inflict worldwide pandemic. This condition had spurred the Government of Indonesia, World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), other international bodies, and local partners to collaborate in controlling the virus and to prevent it to turn into a dangerous pandemic. The current strategy that has been developed to control the avian influenza disease in Indonesia is 1). To increase biosecurity practices; 2). To vaccinate all poultry in the infected as well as the suspected areas; 3). To do limited depopulation and compensation; 4). To control poultry and its product movement traffic; 5). To do surveillance and back-trace; 6). To do restocking; 7). To do stamping out in the newly infected areas; 8). To encourage public awareness; 9). To perform monitoring and evaluation to all the above practices. In order to support the strategy of bird flu control, the Indonesian-Netherlands Partnership Project on the Control of HPAI will collaborate with local institutions to perform the surveillance and testing of intervention strategies for the control of avian influenza in Indonesia. The objective of the field studies is to provide information for the development of provincial and national vaccination, surveillance and other HPAI control strategies. To support the selection of suitable areas for the expansion of the field studies, surveys of the poultry production sector in these sub-districts have to be made. In these surveys information should be collected on poultry population, disease prevalence, farm types, movement, marketing and slaughtering of poultry. The selection on the new area where to implement the new field studies on surveillance and vaccination strategies will be based on the results of this poultry sector survey. In the frame of the above interest, there had been a work contract between Indonesia and the Netherlands that constituted in an Indonesian-Netherlands Partnership Project on the Control of HPAI and CRESCENT (contract no.: Pc07/WI0791) for poultry sector 1 P A G E

7 survey in three sub districts in Cianjur district and three sub districts in Bandung district. B. Objectives The objectives of this poultry sector survey were to: 1. Provide a description of the entire poultry production sector, the poultry disease situation, poultry marketing, (participatory) poultry organizations and infrastructure. 2. Produce map(s) of the poultry distribution in the chosen six sub-districts. C. Outputs The outputs of this poultry sector survey were: 1. The description of the entire poultry production sector, the poultry disease situation, poultry marketing, (participatory) poultry organizations and infrastructure. 2. The map (s) of the distribution of poultry in the six sub-districts. D. Phase of Activity The phases of this poultry sector survey were to: 1. Perform internal coordination and socialization of poultry sector survey to Dinas Peternakan and target respondents at survey area. 2. Prepare a draft for a questionnaire to collect information from sector 1, 2, and 3 of the poultry sector, hatcheries, collecting points, slaughterhouses, and poultry wet market (poultry population, types, disease situation, HPAI outbreaks, trading chain, and sources of production input). 3. Survey (interviews) to collect the information on sector 1, 2, and 3 of the poultry sector, hatcheries, poultry wet markets, collecting points and slaughterhouses. 4. Establish the exact location by GPS of the poultry farms, collector points and other trading places of live poultry and transfer this to a map (scale: 1: 10,000) 5. Evaluate biosecurity condition and make an estimation of sector 4 poultry population in villages (desa) and sub-villages (kampung) (poultry numbers, types, GPS location) and any moving poultry/duck flocks. 6. Collect information through interviews and questionnaires on the existing infrastructure for the poultry sector and transfer this information as much as possible to a map. 7. Analysis of data from the questionnaires, estimates and other sources, presentation of data in easy accessible excel tables and preparation of summary tables. 8. Preparation of a draft report of the results of the survey (hard and soft copies) 9. Preparation of the final report after receiving comments from the project. 2 P A G E

8 2 METHODOLOGY A. Time and Location Data collection for the poultry sector survey was completed in the period of August to September. The poultry sector survey location covered three sub districts in each district; they were: 1. Mande, Cilaku, and Karangtengah in Cianjur District 2. Majalaya, Arjasari, and Rancaekek in Bandung District B. The General Approach of Survey The essence of this Poultry Sector Survey in Bandung and Cianjur Districts of West Java Province was to approach the survey through three main activities; i.e. survey, mapping, and data analysis. The survey and mapping aim for targets: 1) Poultry farms in sector 1, 2, 3, and 4; 2) Wet market trading live poultry; 3) Collecting points; 4) Slaughterhouses; 5) Public and private veterinary support services; 6) Poultry association; and 7) suppliers for production input (feed, medicine, and vaccine). The analysis was based on data and information obtained from the survey. The results expected to come up through this survey are 1) Location of the farms, wet markets trading live poultry, collecting points, and slaughterhouses; 2) Information about owners of poultry business; 3) Number of poultry and type; 4) Number of traders; 5) Poultry population; 6) Poultry disease situation (incl. AI outbreaks, vaccination program); 7) product produced (number and type); 8) Marketing of products; 9) Source, type, and number of poultry traded; and 10) Source of production inputs (DOC, pullets, feed, vaccines, medicines, etc); and 11) any integration and connection and poultry industry participation in disease control. The mapping activity was to cover the exact locations of the poultry farms (sector 1, 2, 3, and 4), collecting points, slaughterhouses, wet markets, Dinas Peternakan, suppliers and traders of production input, and poultry population density of poultry sector 4 using the geographical information system method. The analyzed data and information were to describe the poultry population, types, disease situation, HPAI outbreaks, trading, and source of DOC in charts and tables. Furthermore, the survey also covered sector 4 in terms of number of population, population density, and biosecurity condition at village and sub district level. The outputs of these activities of survey, mapping, and data analysis were the description of the entire poultry production sector (including the poultry disease situation; poultry marketing; participatory poultry organizations, and infrastructure) 3 P A G E

9 and the map(s) of the poultry distribution in the six sub districts. Such outputs were expected to serve as reference in the implementation of surveillance and vaccination strategy in new areas performed by Indonesian-Netherlands Partnership Project on the Control of HPAI Schematically, the survey study approach can be seen in Figure 2-1. C. Survey Instrument Instruments used in this Poultry Sector Survey were questionnaires and checklists structurally made for data coverage and survey efficacy (see the attachment). Questionnaire and checklist are data collection tools that are directly conveyed to respondents/target through statements. The questionnaire used both open and closed questions; the closed ones provided respondent with the answers to choose; while the open ones asked the respondent s view on certain subject in question. D. Data Collecting Technique Primary and secondary data were collected for the survey. Secondary data was obtained from Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan Kabupaten Cianjur and Dinas Peternakan and Perikanan Kabupaten Bandung. Primary data was collected through survey by using questionnaires and in depth interviews to respondents. The respondents were all parties related to the poultry sector from upstream to downstream. This was to see the pattern and intensity of flock movement which were very important in the context of AI disease control. The tracing of source and type of primary and secondary data can be seen in Table 2-1 and Table P A G E

10 Figure 2-1. The Approach in Poultry Sector Survey Study 5 P A G E

11 Table 2-1. Source and Type of Primary Data No Sector Respondent Data Type 1 Sector 1, 2: Grandparent stock, parent stock, layer farm, broiler farm 2 Sector 3: broiler, kampong chicken, quail, pigeon, plasma farms 3 Sector 4: kampung chicken, duck, muscovy duck, quail, goose 4 Wet Markets (live poultry trading) Farm manager Farm manager/ owner Owner Trader 5 Collecting Points Trader 6 Slaughterhouses Owner/manager 7 Government support for veterinary service 8 Private sector support for veterinary service 9 Poultry farm association and integration 10 Supplier and trader of production input (DOC, Animal Health Section of District Dinas Peternakan Technical service Administrator Owner Farm location (address and GPS details) Information on owner, part of association/integration, etc. Number of farm and type of poultry Disease situation (including AI cases, vaccination programs) Product marketing Production input source (DOC, pullets, feed, vaccine, medicine, etc.) Farm location (address and GPS details) Information on owner, part of association/integration, etc. Number of farm and type of poultry Disease situation (including AI cases, vaccination programs) Product marketing Production input source (DOC, pullets, feed, vaccine, medicine, etc.) Poultry number Poultry type GPS details Poultry movement Market location (address and GPS details) Number of trader Source, type, and number of poultry traded Disease situation (including AI cases) Farm location (address and GPS details) Information on owner, part of association/integration, etc. Number of farm and type of poultry Disease situation (including AI cases, vaccination programs) Product marketing Production input source (DOC, pullets, feed, vaccine, medicine, etc.) Farm location (address and GPS details) Information on owner, part of association/integration, etc. Number of farm and type of poultry Disease situation (including AI cases, vaccination programs) Product marketing Production input source (DOC, pullets, feed, vaccine, medicine, etc.) Staff and facilities (including GPS details) of Dinas Peternakan AI disease surveillance and control program by Dinas Peternakan (field implementation) Staff and facilities (including GPS details) of private sector Employees of private sector working in the area in term of AI disease surveillance and control measures Active poultry associations, their members and activities Poultry association/integration, plasma, and other active commercial connection (members and activities) Participatory poultry disease control program (groups and their activities) Supplier and trader (names, addresses, and GPS details) Person in Charge Supervisor Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator 6 P A G E

12 No Sector Respondent Data Type feed, medicines, and vaccines) Product and quantity traded Customers Person in Charge Table 2-2. Source and Type of Secondary Data No Area Information Noted Person in Charge 1 District (Dinas Peternakan) 2 Sub District (Dinas Branch) Poultry population Poultry type Disease history Number of farmer and trader Location and number poultry farms sector 1, 2, 3 Location and number of Hatchery Location and number of wet market Location and number of poultry slaughterhouse and poultry slaughtering site Location and number of farmer association and poultry trader Location and number of collecting point Location and number of plasma farmer Location and number of production input company Poultry population Poultry type Disease history Number of farmer and trader Location and number poultry farms sector 1, 2, 3 Location and number of Hatchery Location and number of wet market Location and number of poultry slaughterhouse and poultry slaughtering site Location and number of farmer association and poultry trader Location and number of collecting point Location and number of plasma farmer Location and number of production input company Supervisor Enumerator E. Method of Survey The method used in this survey was quantitative-descriptive approach; i.e. the population in this survey was of poultry sector 1, 2, 3, and 4, wet markets trading live poultry, collecting points, slaughterhouses, Dinas Peternakan, suppliers and traders in the chosen six sub districts (kecamatan). 1/ Sampling Technique The data collection technique used for the collection of poultry sector 1, 2, and 3, trader, collecting point, poultry slaughterhouse, and wet market was by census approach; i.e. all member of population was taken as respondent. The data of address and number of sector 1, 2, 3 farmers, collectors, slaughterhouse, and wet market in Cianjur district was obtained from Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan of Cianjur district; as for data of Bandung was from Dinas Peternakan and Perikanan of Bandung district. The sector 3 poultry data was obtained from KCD field operative and Balai Desa (Kelurahan office/village administration office) at each surveyed sub district. Furthermore, in order to acquire the exact address of the respondents, the enumerators were accompanied by KCD field operatives and local villagers. 7 P A G E

13 Furthermore, the sampling technique for the estimation of poultry number and density on sector 4; the team applied the procedure of multi stage random sampling. The sample was chosen randomly with the first level of village selection at surveyed each sub district. Afterwards, the RW was selected for each chosen village and finally all poultry farmer in that RW was picked as respondents. The sampling size taken was calculated by the following formula (at 95% confidence level): Note: n = sample size s 2 = expected variance (with assumption of 10 poultry/rw) L = desired absolute precision (with assumption of 5 poultry/rw) Based on the above formula, the sample size taken was 16 RW/sub district and the interview was to farmers in each selected RW. The questionnaire for sector 4 farmers was of two types; i.e.: 1) The standard questionnaire (short interview); which covered the aspects of: type and number of kept poultry, the source of poultry, and the marketing target. 2) The complete questionnaire (long interview); which covered the aspects in the standard questionnaire and completed with additional inquiries on: purpose of poultry keeping, AI disease history, AI vaccination history, poultry keeping system, handling of sick and dead poultry, cage and tools sanitation, and flock movement control around the farm area. The sampling technique for the sector 4 respondents could be described as follows: 1) Four villages were picked out at sub district level. The village profile of every sub district was acquired from sub district office. 2) At every chosen village, four RWs were randomly picked out. The RW profile was acquired from the village administration office. 3) Every household with poultry in the selected RW was then chosen as respondent and was interviewed with standard questionnaire (short interview). The household with poultry location data was acquired from RW administrator. When enumerators visited the farmer, they were accompanied by RW administrator. For Bandung district, due to several technical difficulties in the field (the number of sector 3 farm was too many to cover in such a short timeframe because of the relatively far distance from one farm to another and the road condition was quite hard) then the selection of sector 4 respondent was through purposive sampling at each chosen RW; i.e. 20 farmers/rw. Random sampling in this case was difficult since there was no data of poultry farmer at village level. 8 P A G E

14 4) The interview with complete questionnaire (long interview) was to 5 farmers/rw that were randomly and systematically picked out by enumerator; i.e. enumerator randomized the first 10 farmers interviewed (for example: the n farmer, and the next is the 10+n, 20+n, 30+n, and 40+n farmers; with the assumption of 50 farmers/rw minimum). As for the Bandung case, the enumerator randomized the 20 selected farmers; for example: the n farmer, and the next is the 4+n, 8+n, 12+n, and 16+n farmers to be interviewed with complete questionnaire. 2/ Estimation of Sector 4 Population Number and Density The poultry population size estimation on sector 4 farm was carried out by three approaches; they were: (1) determination of average poultry ownership per household, (2) determination of proportion of household keeping poultry, and (3) calculation of number of household existed in sub district and sampled village. The estimation of sector-4 poultry population was then calculated by the following formula: Notes: Population number estimation = Average number of ownership/household x proportion of household keeping poultry x number of household The average number of poultry ownership at the sampled village was estimated by the data of poultry ownership in the four surveyed RWs in the respective village. Furthermore, the average number of poultry ownership at sampled sub district was estimated by the data of average number of poultry ownership in the four surveyed villages of the respective sub district and this number was used as the estimation factor for the other villages that did not belong to the sampled ones. The proportion of household owning poultry at sampled village was estimated by the data of proportion of household keeping poultry in the four RWs at the respective surveyed villages. Furthermore, the proportion of household owning poultry at the sampled sub district was estimated by the proportion of household owning poultry in the four surveyed villages of the respective sub district; and this number was used as the estimator for household owning poultry at the other nonsampled villages. For Bandung district; the difficulties faced in the field had forced the team to do sampling at every RW which resulted in the unknown proportion of household keeping poultry at each sampled RW. Therefore, the estimation of proportion of household keeping poultry was done by random sampling as many as 50 respondents in three RWs of one sampled village at each sampled sub district; by this the team obtained the proportion of household keeping poultry from 150 respondents for each sampled sub district. This data was then used as the estimator for proportion of household keeping poultry at the other surveyed sub districts. 9 P A G E

15 The data of number of household per RW was obtained by a later survey; and the number of household per village was acquired by demographic notes on each sub district. The calculated population number estimation was the estimation at the surveyed sub district and sampled village level. In order to calculate the population number estimation at surveyed sub district or village in the surveyed sub district that did not belong to the sampled village, the used average number of poultry ownership was the average number of ownership for sub district surveyed level. Furthermore, in order to calculate the estimation of population number at sampled village level, the used average number of ownership per household was the average number of ownership for the respective village. The proportion of household keeping poultry was used for sub district level; i.e. for the calculation of population number estimation both at surveyed sub district as well as at sampled village. The poultry population density was calculated by the following formula: The population density was calculated for surveyed sub district level and village in the respective sub district. 3/ Biosecurity Condition In order to know the biosecurity condition around poultry sector 4; the team sampled five farmers of sector 4 as respondents from each of the selected RW as previously described in the above sampling technique. The biosecurity aspect observed included 7 variables; they were (1) poultry keeping system, (2) hygiene (including the sanitation around cage, feed bowls, drinking bowls, and cage yard), (3) sick bird handling, (4) dead bird handling, (5) poultry feces handling, (6) quarantine measure, and (7) movement control around the farm area The type of biosecurity questions and their value can be seen in the next Table Table 2-3. Type of Question and Value for Biosecurity Aspect No. Type of Question Value Range Remarks 1 Handling of sick poultry 0-1 0=Sick poultry is not separated from the healthy ones 1=Sick poultry is separated from the healthy ones 2 Handling of dead poultry 0-1 0=Dead poultry is not buried/burned down 1= Dead poultry is buried/burned down 3 Quarantine measure for new poultry 0-1 0=New poultry is not separated from the old ones in one week minimum 1= New poultry is separated from the old ones in one week minimum 4 Poultry keeping system 1-4 1=Poultry is kept by freely roaming inside and outside the house yard 2=Poultry is kept by freely roaming inside the fenced house yard 3=Poultry is caged with fenced cage yard 4=Poultry is kept within the closed cage always 10 P A G E

16 No. Type of Question Value Range Remarks 5 Cage hygiene in general 1 5 1=Very dirty 2=Dirty 3=Relatively clean 4=Clean 5=Very clean 6 Feed bowl hygiene 1 5 1=Very dirty 2=Dirty 3=Relatively clean 4=Clean 5=Very clean 7 Drinking bowl hygiene 1 5 1=Very dirty 2=Dirty 3=Relatively clean 4=Clean 5=Very clean 8 Cage yard cleanliness 1 5 1=Very dirty 2=Dirty 3=Relatively clean 4=Clean 5=Very clean 9 Handling of poultry manure 0-1 0=Stacked on the ground surface (open dumping) 1=Buried in hole in the ground/put in closed sack 10 Poultry movement control around the farm area Total =No control 1=There is control measures The biosecurity condition was then categorized into three groups: good, intermediate, and poor according to the total value of the seven variables observed. This biosecurity grouping and the total of the seven values of variables observed can be seen in Table 2-4. Table 2-4. Group of Biosecurity Condition Total Value of the Seven Observed Variables Biosecurity Category < 17 Poor 17 - < 22 Intermediate 22 Good 11 P A G E

17 3 WORK PLAN A. Work Stage Sequentially, the stages of this poultry sector survey covered the activity preparation, desk study and secondary data collection, questionnaire formation, questionnaire try-out and revision, pre-survey activity, survey implementation, data recapitulation and input to computer, data processing and analysis, mapping, report drafting, internal discussion and report revisions, and final report submission. Those are elaborated as follows: 1. Activity Preparation Internal coordination Proposal revision Expert team discussion Expected result: activity implementation details 2. Desk Study and Secondary Data Collection Gathering secondary data and information of both qualitative and quantitative through the internet or related sources. Studying and doing analysis information from other sources. Expected result: collected important data and information that could support the construction of study instrument and reporting. 3. Questionnaire Formation Building up questionnaire to be used in interview to selected respondent. Expected result: formulized items of question to be used as primary data collection tool. 4. Questionnaire Try-out and Revision Performing test of questionnaire on to selected volunteers whose characteristics resemble the actual field respondent. Obtaining comments from Wageningen International on the proposed questionnaires Expected result: formulated reliable questionnaires to be used as primary data collection tool. 12 P A G E

18 5. Pre-survey Activity Performing internal coordination for field data collection based on the formulized research method, enumerator selection, and permit preparation for data collection at district/municipal (kabupaten/kota) and sub-district (kecamatan) levels. Performing training to equip enumerators with basic knowledge and comprehension over poultry sector survey. Expected result: the prepared site target and trained enumerator in primary data collection. 6. Survey Implementation Performing the collection of primary data and other supportive data in the field through formulized questionnaire. Resuming daily activity in a log consisting of important events during field survey. The district/municipal coordinator performs periodical supervision to observe the survey implementation and help out enumerators with problems faced in the field. Expected result: gathered valid and reliable primary data from the survey. 7. Data Recapitulation and Computer Input Performing primary data recapitulation from each questionnaire by certain coding used for further data analysis. Performing data input to computer. Expected result: gathered comprehensive and ready-to-analyze data. 8. Data Processing and Analysis Performing data processing according to the selected method. Expected result: accurate and reliable data analysis. 9. Mapping Performing mapping based on the GPS data acquired from the field. Expected result: map of the distribution of poultry in the 4 sub-districts 10. Report Drafting The elaboration of the whole study activity implemented including results and discussions, conclusions, and recommendations. Expected result: report substance that will need further revisions. 11. Internal discussions and report revisions. Discussion between expert team and Netherlands Partnership Project on The Control of HPAI for the report substance revision. Expected result: final report substance revision. 13 P A G E

19 12. Final Reporting The final report of the whole poultry sector survey was the revised version of draft report that had been amended through comments from and discussion with the employer. B. Work Schedule No Activity I Preparation 1.1 Planning and Activity Schedule Development in Accordance to TOR 1.2 Internal coordination; aiming for the same comprehension and perception on the substance under study and to develop activity planning 1.3 External coordination 1.4 Gathering study material (desk study) related to substance under study 1.5 Questionnaire revision 1.6 Questionnaire tryout and revision 1.7 Pre-survey Table 3-1. Schedule of Activity Timeline August September October November December II Implementation 2.1 Survey in Cianjur 2.2 Survey in Bandung 2.3 Data Retracing 2.4 Data recapitulation and input 2.5 Data processing and analysis 2.6 Mapping III Reporting 3.1 Draft report 3.2 Submission of draft report 3.4 Internal discussion and report revision 3.5 Final reporting 3.6 Submission of draft final report 3.7 Submission of final report 14 P A G E

20 4 ORGANIZATION A. General CRESCENT had formed a team that consists of two groups of expert; i.e. main expert team and supporting assistant who have solid experience in their respective field. Considering the inter-related work, the working team must collaborate effectively and efficiently under the coordination of the Team Leader. B. Personnel To be able to perform the study appropriately in an effective and efficient manner, this study would need performers with high integrity organized in a compact and systematic manner. The organization for the poultry sector survey is shown in the following diagram. C. Mobilization of Expert Task and Responsibility 1. Team Leader To coordinate and execute the whole technical aspect and administration of the activity. To give out technical instruction to all team member, to conduct supervision on the activity implementation, and to maintain fulfilling collaboration among team members in work completion. To directly involve in activity implementation together with all team member. To conduct technical consultation together with all team member to employer. To specifically take responsibility for every step of activity implementation; from coordination to reporting. 15 P A G E

21 2. Epidemiology Expert To coordinate intensively with all team member. To involve in and take responsibility in the development of study instrument as guideline to primary data and information collection, especially from the bird flu epidemiology point of view at target site. To identify the bird flu movement in the target site. To involve in and take responsibility in data and information analysis to comprehend the whole target poultry production sectors, any condition of disease at target site, patterns of poultry marketing, organization, and infrastructure. To involve in and take responsibility in draft and final reporting. 3. Animal Health Expert To coordinate intensively with all team member. To involve in and take responsibility in the development of study instrument as guideline to primary data and information collection, especially from the animal health point of view at target site. To identify diseases attacking poultry at target site and their handling. To involve in and take responsibility in data and information analysis to comprehend the whole target poultry production sectors, any condition of disease at target site, patterns of poultry marketing, organization, and infrastructure. To involve in and take responsibility in draft and final reporting. 4. Bio-statistics Expert To coordinate intensively with all team member. To develop appropriate survey method as guidance for data and information collection, especially in the determination of sample size and analysis method used. To involve in and take responsibility in the development of study instrument as guidance in the primary data and information collection. To take responsibility in data and information recapitulation acquired from the field survey. To involve in and take responsibility in data processing and analysis in order to acquire complete description on the whole poultry production sector, disease condition, patterns of poultry marketing, organization, and infrastructure at target site, and to estimate the size of poultry in sector 4. To involve in and take responsibility in draft and final reporting. 5. Animal Farming Expert To coordinate intensively with all team member. 16 P A G E

22 To involve in and take responsibility in the development of study instrument as guidance in the primary data and information collection, especially in the aspect of animal production. To identify input source of poultry production, production type, and condition of the poultry production organization and infrastructure. To involve in and take responsibility in data and information analysis to comprehend the whole target poultry production sectors, any condition of disease at target site, patterns of poultry marketing, organization, and infrastructure. To involve in and take responsibility in draft and final reporting. 6. Geographical Information System (GIS) Expert To coordinate intensively with all team member. To perform desk study on GIS mapping applications. To involve in and take responsibility in the development of study instrument as guidance in the primary data and information collection, especially in the aspect of GPS information processing. To perform analysis on primary and secondary data and other information in the mapping of poultry distribution at 4 target sub-districts (kecamatan). To develop concept/formula for GIS mapping application. To develop poultry distribution map on target sites using GIS. To involve in and take responsibility in draft and final reporting. 7. Administration Support To perform activity implementation administration. To coordinate intensively with all team member. 8. Computer Operator Support To input data and information into computer for further analysis. To assist team in data analysis. To coordinate intensively with all team member. 9. Enumerator To take responsibility in field data and information collection using the designed questionnaire. To compose daily field log according to the developed format. D. Timeframe of Expert Deployment No Team Position Timeline August September October November December Drh. Deni Noviana, PhD Team Leader 17 P A G E

23 No Team Position Timeline August September October November December Animal Health Expert 2 Drh. Abdul Zahid Ilyas, MSi Epidemiology Expert 3 Agus Setiyono, DVM, Ph.D Animal Health Expert 4 Ir. Etih Sudarnika, MSi Bio-statistics expert 5 Rina Andriani Animal Farming Expert 6 Delon Marthinus GIS expert 18 P A G E

24 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION This chapter will cover results of the field survey from various aspects that had been completed through the poultry survey activity. Systematically, these aspects cover (i) survey accomplishments; especially on covered target, poultry population and number of respondents of poultry sector at survey sites, (ii) geographic features of poultry sector; including spatial distribution and the amount and density of poultry population (of sector 1, 2, and 3) at every survey site, (iii) the disease history for the last three years suffered by the poultry sectors at survey sites; especially the disease history of avian influenza (AI), Newcastle (ND), and gumboro (IBD), (iv) the existing vaccination program done by sector 1, 2, and 3; especially for avian influenza, Newcastle, and gumboro diseases, and (v) the input and output flow of production on all poultry sectors at survey sites. The sector 4 poultry profile; which includes farm location, farm characteristics, biosecurity conditions, estimation of poultry population, population density, vaccination status, and production input and output flow; will be specifically discussed within this chapter. The end part of this chapter will cover the population number and density at the whole sectors (1, 2, 3, and 4) and the existing infrastructure conditions that support the poultry sector at survey sites. A. Survey Accomplishment The poultry sector survey had been completed within the following time frame: 1. The period of 28 August 2007 until 1 September 2007 was for survey of three sub districts in Cianjur district; i.e. Cilaku, Karangtengah, and Mande sub districts 2. The period of 4 September until 8 September 2007 was for survey of three sub districts in Bandung district; i.e. Arjasari, Rancaekek, and Majalaya dub districts 3. The period of 24 September until 28 September 2007 was for a quick retracing the two survey districts to complete any missing data and information gained on the first survey. 4. The period of 19 November until 23 November 2007: additional data collection on the number of household/rw at surveyed sites in order to accurately calculate the poultry owner proportion number in sampled village. The below two tables; Table 5-1 and Table 5-12; show the complete target list and number of respondent of poultry sector surveyed at each sub district on the respective Cianjur and Bandung districts. 19 P A G E

25 Table 5-1. Survey Target and Number of Respondent at Three Sub Districts in Cianjur District Respondent Number of Respondent per Sub District Cilaku Mande Karangtengah Total Sector Sector 2 3* 2* 1 6 Sector Sector ,477 Poultry Infrastructure 1 1 Poultry Slaughterhouse (TPA) Collecting Point (TPnA) Wet Market 2 2 Note: * Two sector 2 farmers; one in Cilaku and one in Mande refused to be interviewed Table 5-2. Survey Target and Number of Respondent at Three Sub Districts in Bandung District Respondent Number of Respondent per Sub District Rancaekek Arjasari Majalaya Total Sector Sector Sector Sector Hatchery Poultry Infrastructure 1 1 Poultry Slaughterhouse (TPA) Collecting Point (TPnA) Wet Market As for the sector 4 average number of poultry ownership for each household, the proportion of household keeping poultry, and the number of household in the six surveyed sub districts will be conveyed in the sub chapter of sector 4 poultry profile. B. Poultry Sector Location 1/ Cianjur District a. Geographical Condition In general, the three surveyed sub districts in Cianjur (Mande, Cilaku, and Karangtengah) were located on the same expanse with relatively medium elevation; i.e. about 380 m asl. The elevation data can be seen in the next Table 5-3. Table 5-3. Elevation of Three Sampled Sub Districts in Cianjur District Sub District Elevation (m asl) Minimum Maximum Average Mande Cilaku Karangtengah Average 380 Figure 5-1 shows the geographic position of all poultry sector components that had been surveyed at the three sub districts including sector 1, 2, 3, 4 farms, slaughterhouse (TPA), collecting point (TPnA), wet market, and regional office for animal and fish farming (Dinas) which was the component for poultry infrastructure. All locations of poultry sector components were connected one another by the road facility. The roads varied in condition; from asphalt road, rocky road, to dirt road; all were fit for large four-wheeled vehicle (truck) cruising that adequately support the process of production input-output, marketing of output/yield, and Dinas access for surveillance and service. Furthermore; in Karangtengah and Cilaku; there were two 20 P A G E

26 lines of provincial street which were the main inter-provincial connecting highway road of West Java and DKI Jakarta provinces. These conditions were very advantageous for poultry sector activities on the three sub districts. In Mande there was one farm of sector 1, two farms of sector 2, and ten farms of sector 3. In Cilaku there were two farms of sector 2 and 28 farms of sector 3. While in Karangtengah there was one farm of sector 2 and 6 of sector 3. The geographic distribution of sector 3 poultry farms in the three sub districts (Mande, Cilaku, and Karangtengah) in Cianjur can be seen in Figure 5-2 to Figure 5-4. Figure 5-2 tells us the sector 3 farms of Mande sub district were focused on the central part of the whole sub district region and there were no farm to find in the western and eastern part of this sub district. On the other two sub districts; Cilaku (Figure 5-3) and Karangtengah (Figure 5-4); the sector 3 farms were relatively distributed equally to the whole sub districts area. In Mande, Cilaku, and Karangtengah, the average distance of one commercial farm to the other nearest farm estimated by the farmers was 704±477 m, 979±1231 m, and 1900±1614 m respectively. In Karangtengah, that distance was already according to the technical minimum requirement and the regional law. But in Mande and Cilaku, those distances were less than 1,000 meter; which means that they did not exactly play it by the book. Especially in Mande where it had one parent stock farm (sector 1) which should require high biosecurity requirements, then the minimum distance should be taken seriously into account. b. Population Number, Density, and Composition Sector 1 In Cianjur district survey area there was only one farm of sector 1; i.e. in Mande sub district. The poultry population in this farm was 226,377 birds with the composition of 77,716 layers and 148,661 broilers (see Figure 5-5). By the total area of 7,707.2 ha, then the poultry population density of sector 1 in Mande was up to 29.4 poultry/ha (Figure 5-6). 21 P A G E

27 Figure 5-1. Poultry Sector Geographical Distribution in Cianjur District 22 P A G E

28 Figure 5-2. Geographical Distribution of Sector 3 Poultry Farm in Mande Sub District 23 P A G E

29 Figure 5-3. Geographical Distribution of Sector 3 Poultry Farm in Cilaku Sub District 24 P A G E

30 Figure 5-4. Geographical Distribution of Sector 3 Poultry Farm in Karangtengah Sub District 25 P A G E

31 Figure 5-5. Poultry Population of Sector 1 in Mande Sub District Figure 5-6. Poultry Population Density of Sector 1 in Mande Sub District Sector 2 Most of the poultry in sector 2 farms in the surveyed area was of layer type. The layer population in Mande and Karangtengah was 200,000 birds and 42,000 birds respectively. And the broiler type in Cilaku sub district recorded the number of 85,000 birds. In the whole sense, the total number of sector 2 poultry in the three sub districts was lower than the actual condition since there were two sector 2 farmers who refused to be interviewed; i.e. one farmer in Mande and one in Cilaku. The highest number of poultry population density of sector 2 was found in Mande sub district which was 26.0 poultry/ha and the lowest was found Karangtengah sub district which was 7.4 poultry/ha (the area of Karangtengah sub district was 5,670.6 ha). The population and poultry population density of sector 2 farms in the three sub districts surveyed can be seen in Figure 5-7 and Figure P A G E

32 Figure 5-7. Poultry Population Density of Sector 2 Farm in Cianjur District Figure 5-8. Poultry Population Density of Sector 2 Farm in Three Sub Districts of Cianjur Sector 3 In the case for sector 3 farms; the poultry population in Cilaku sub district was relatively higher than in the other sub districts which was 484,616 birds. The lowest number of population was found in Karangtengah sub district, i.e. 177,800 birds. Poultry population density of sector 3 farms in Cilaku sub district was 96.1 poultry/ha (by the total Cilaku area of 5,041.8 ha) that was higher than in Mande sub district (53.9 poultry/ha) and Karangtengah sub district (31.4 poultry/ha). There were two farms in Cilaku sub district that refused to be interviewed. Even so, this condition did not affect the total number of sector 3 poultry around the sub district since both farms had been inoperative. The poultry population and density data of sector 3 farms in the three sub districts surveyed can be seen in Figure 5-9 and Figure P A G E

33 Figure 5-9. Total Poultry Population of Sector 3 Farms in Three Sub Districts of Cianjur Figure Poultry Density of Sector 3 Farms in Three Sub Districts of Cianjur Based on the poultry type; it seems that most of the sector 3 farms in the three sub districts surveyed chose broiler for the core business. The percentage of broiler in the three sub districts was much higher than the layer which was 63% in Mande sub district, 97% in Cilaku sub district, and 88% in Karangtengah sub district respectively. The composition of poultry population of sector 3 farms in the three sub districts can be seen in the following Figure 5-11 to Figure P A G E

34 Figure Poultry Composition of Sector 3 Farms by Poultry Type in Mande Sub District Figure Poultry Composition of Sector 3 Farms by Poultry Type in Cilaku Sub District Figure Poultry Composition of Sector 3 Farms by Poultry Type in Karangtengah Sub District The number and poultry population density for the three sector farms (1, 2, and 3) in each sub district can be seen in Table 5-4 and Figure The highest number of poultry population among the three sector farms was found in Mande sub district; i.e. 834,377 birds and the lowest was in Karangtengah sub district with 218,000 birds. 29 P A G E

35 While for the poultry population density of Mande and Cilaku was relatively the same; i.e poultry/ha and birds /ha respectively. According to the geographical distribution characteristics, the above poultry population number and density show that Cilaku and Mande sub districts were the main poultry industry center in Cianjur district. Sub District Table 5-4. Area, Poultry Population Number and Density in the Three Sub District of Cianjur Area (ha) Sector 1 Population per Sector (bird) Sector 2 Sector 3 Total of Population Sector 1,2 & 3 (bird) Population Density per Sector (bird/ha) Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total Population Density Sector 1,2 & 3 (bird/ha) Mande 7, , , , , Cilaku 5,041-85, , , Karangtengah 5,670-42, , , Figure The Poultry Density in the Three Surveyed Sub Districts of Cianjur 2/ Bandung District a. Geographical Condition In general, the two surveyed sub districts in Bandung; Majalaya and Rancaekek; were located on the same expanse with relatively low to medium elevation; i.e. 672 m asl (see Table 5-5). Besides being used as poultry business, Majalaya Rancaekek sub districts were also packed with community s housing and the center for textile and garment industries of Bandung district. Geographically, these two sub districts directly bordered one another; while the Arjasari sub district was located more to the west and was separated by Ciparay and Pacet sub districts. The Arjasari geographical condition was more characterized by hilly feature with relatively higher elevation (966 m asl) than the other two sub districts. Table 5-5. Elevation of Three Sampled Sub Districts in Bandung District Sub District Elevation (m asl) Minimum Maximum Average Arjasari Majalaya Rancaekek Average P A G E

36 Figure 5-15 shows the geographical position of all components of poultry sector that had been surveyed including farms of sector 2, 3, 4, TPA, TPnA, wet market, and Dinas office which acted as poultry infrastructure component. Each location of such poultry sector supporting components had been well-connected to one another by mean of road facility. The roads varied in condition; from asphalt road, rocky road, to dirt road; all were fit for large four-wheeled vehicle (truck) cruising that adequately support the process of production input-output, marketing of output/yield, and Dinas access for surveillance and service. But in some locations of sector 3 farms located around Arjasari; there was a connecting access road which was very rocky and narrow. This inflicted certain difficulties in the process of production input flow, marketing of output/yield, as well as Dinas access for surveillance and service. 31 P A G E

37 Figure Geographical Distribution of Poultry Sector in Bandung District 32 P A G E

38 In Arjasari sub district, there were two farms of sector 2 and 62 farms of sector 3. In Rancaekek sub district, there was one farm of sector 1 (hatchery) and 60 farms of sector 3. While in Majalaya sub district, there were eight farms of sector 3. The geographical distribution of sector 3 poultry in the three sub districts surveyed in Bandung can be seen in Figure 5-17 to Figure Figure 5-17 indicates the location of sector 3 poultry farms in Arjasari sub district that was relatively distributed throughout the sub district area. This was also the case for sector 3 poultry farms in Rancaekek sub district (see Figure 5-18). While the sector 3 farms distribution in Majalaya sub district was more concentrated in the southern areas that bordered with Ibun sub district (see Figure 5-19). In Arjasari, Rancaekek, and Majalaya; the average distance of one commercial farm to the other nearest farm estimated by farmers was 508±529 m, 359±593 m, and 682±802 m respectively. They were technically not idealistic for farm management and had disregarded the law of minimum distance requirement for farm management (i.e. minimum of 1,000 meter to one another). b. Population Number, Density, and Composition Sector 1 In the three surveyed sub districts of Bandung district; there was no sector 1 farm found. The hatchery farm found in this area had activity in only in hatchery and did not have its own farm with the capacity of 15,000 eggs per hatchery cycle. This makes the population data of number, density, and composition unavailable to be presented in this report. Sector 2 In the survey areas, there were only two sector 2 poultry farms located in Arjasari sub district. The poultry type ventured was layer with the total number of population up to 120,000 birds (see Figure 5-16). The Arjasari sub district was about 5,217 ha, this makes the sector 2 poultry density to be 23 poultry/ha (see Figure 5-20). Figure The Sector 2 Poultry Population in Three Sub Districts of Bandung District 33 P A G E

39 Figure Geographic Distribution of Sector 3 Poultry Farms in Arjasari Sub District 34 P A G E

40 Figure Geographic Distribution of Sector 3 Poultry Farms in Majalaya Sub District 35 P A G E

41 Figure Geographic Distribution of Sector 3 Poultry Farms in Rancaekek Sub District 36 P A G E

42 Figure The Sector 2 Poultry Density in Three Sub Districts of Bandung District Poultry Density of Sector Birds/Hectare Arjasari Majalaya Rancaekek Sector 3 In the survey area, the highest number of poultry population for sector 3 was in Arjasari sub district; which amounted to 589,000 birds and the lowest number of population was found in Majalaya sub district, 44,222 birds. The high number of population in Arjasari was related to the number of operating sector 3 farms that was actually higher than the other two surveyed sub districts. The sector 3 poultry population density in this sub district was poultry/ha; which was also higher than the density number in Majalaya (17.7 poultry/ha) and Rancaekek (15.8 poultry/ha). During the survey, there were several farms that could not be interviewed; i.e. 11 farms in Arjasari sub district and 7 farms in Rancaekek sub district. Even so, this condition did not affect the total number of sector 3 poultry in the area since those farms had been inoperative. The population number and density of sector 3 farm in the three sub districts under survey can be seen in Figure 5-21 and Figure Figure Sector 3 Poultry Population in Three Sub Districts in Bandung District 37 P A G E

43 Figure Sector 3 Poultry Density in Three Sub Districts in Bandung District Poultry Density of Sector Birds/Hectare Arjasari Majalaya Rancaekek According to the ventured poultry type, it indicates the sector 3 poultry population in Arjasari sub district was dominated by broiler; i.e. 98% of total poultry population. On the other hand, the layer type dominated in Majalaya and Rancaekek sub districts with respectively 73% and 56% of total poultry population. Beside those two types of poultry, Rancaekek sub district also had many farmers who ventured on other kind of poultry intensively such as laying duck, meat duck, kampong (native) chicken and laying arabian chicken. The sector 3 poultry population composition data at three sub districts surveyed can be seen in Figure 5-23 to Figure Figure Composition of Sector 3 Poultry Type in Arjasari Sub District 38 P A G E

44 Figure Composition of Sector 3 Poultry Type in Majalaya Sub District Figure Composition of Sector 3 Poultry Type in Rancaekek Sub District The poultry population number and density of the three sectors (1, 2, and 3) at each surveyed sub district can be seen in Table 5-6 and Figure Such a table indicates that the highest poultry population number for the three sectors was found in Arjasari sub district; i.e. 709,000 birds with the density of poultry/ha. While in Majalaya and Rancaekek, the poultry population was 44,222 birds and 78,319 birds respectively, with the density of 17.7 birds and 15.8 birds. The poultry number and density in Arjasari show that this sub district had become one of poultry industry centers for broiler around Bandung district. And Rancaekek sub district was characterized by more of sector 3 farms with a more diversified type of poultry. 39 P A G E

45 Sub District Table 5-6. Area and Poultry Population Density at Three Sub Districts in Bandung District Area (ha) Sector 1 Population per Sector (bird) Sector 2 Sector 3 Total of Population Sector 1,2 & 3 (bird) Population Density per Sector (bird/ha) Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total Population Density Sector 1,2 & 3 (bird/ha) Arjasari 5, , , , Majalaya 2, ,222 44, Rancaekek 4, ,319 78, Figure Poultry Population Density at Three Sub Districts in Bandung District Poultry Density in Bandung District Birds/Hectare Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total 0 Arjasari Majalaya Rancaekek C. Disease History The cases of Avian Influenza (AI), ND, and Gumboro (IBD); within the last three years at three sub districts of Cianjur and Bandung; can be seen on Table 5-7. For the last three years, there had been no case of the above diseases found in the sector 1 poultry farm; both in Cianjur district as well as in Bandung district. There was no case of AI and ND found during the last three years in poultry of sector 2 at both districts. As for the case of Gumboro; according to the farmers; it occurred at two farms in Cilaku sub district. These cases were only confirmed by clinical symptoms observed by farmers. For sector 3 poultry; there was a difference in AI case condition between the two districts. Within the last three years, Mande sub district (of Cianjur) had only suffered from AI at one broiler farm which was confirmed by private veterinarian; while in Rancaekek (of Bandung) the AI cases were found in five layer farms; four of which were confirmed by local private and dinas veterinarian and one case only by clinical symptoms observed by farmers. The ND disease; for the last three years; occurred in poultry farms of sector 3 at Mande (2 farms), at Cilaku (1 farm), Rancaekek (7 farms), and Arjasari (5 farms). The gumboro disease; which had caused rather high mortality; occurred at several farms of sector 3 in the whole surveyed sub districts in Cianjur and Bandung; i.e. in Mande (2 farms), Karangtengah (4 farms), Cilaku (10 farms), Rancaekek (10 farms), Majalaya (4 farms), and Arjasari (18 farms). 40 P A G E

46 Disease cases with symptoms similar to AI; within the last three years also happened in two collecting points (TPnA), two slaughterhouses (TPA), and two wet markets; all were in Majalaya sub district of Bandung. District Cianjur Bandung Notes: AI ND IBD Table 5-7. Last-Three-Year Disease History of Poultry Sector in Cianjur and Bandung Sub District Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Slaughterhouse Collecting Point Wet Market AI ND IBD AI ND IBD AI ND IBD AI ND IBD AI ND IBD AI ND IBD Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Arjasari Rancaekek Majalaya : Avian Influenza : Newcastle Disease : Infectious Bursal Disease The percentage of poultry sector 3 suffering from AI, ND, and IBD for the last three years is presented in Table 5-8. The table shows that the average number of sector 3 farms suffered from AI in the last three years around the three surveyed sub districts of Bandung district was relatively higher than of Cianjur district; i.e. 4.5% and 2.3% respectively. The case was also the same for ND disease. On the other hand, for IBD, the average number of sector 3 farms in Cianjur which suffered from it was 37.2% that was higher than in Bandung district (28.6%). Table 5-8. Percentage of AI, ND, and IBD Occurrence at Sector 3 Farm in the Last Three Years Sub District Cianjur District Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Answered Number of Farm AI ND IBD Not Answered Total No. of Case %* No. of Case %* No. of Case Total Bandung District Arjasari Rancaekek Majalaya Total Note: *Percentage was calculated by the number of farmer who answered the questionnaire The disease map of AI, ND, and IBD which attacked sector 3 farms within the last three years in areas of Cianjur and Bandung districts can be seen in Figure 5-27 and Figure %* P A G E

47 Table 5-9. Distribution of AI, ND, and IBD Diseases by Poultry Type at Sector Farm in The Last Three Years District Sub District Farm No. Farm No. Case AI ND IBD Karangtengah Broiler Layer Total Mande Broiler Layer Cianjur Unknown 1 Total Cilaku Broiler Layer 1 Quail 1 Unknown 2 Total Arjasari Broiler Layer 2 Laying Duck 1 Unknown 10 Total Rancaekek Broiler Layer Laying Duck 20 Kampong chicken Bandung Arabian chicken Kampong and arabian chicken 1 Meat duck 2 Unknown Total Majalaya Broiler Layer Laying duck 1 Total Total % No. Case % No. Case % 42 P A G E

48 Figure Map of AI, ND, and IBD Disease Attacking Sector 3 Farms in the Last Three Years in Cianjur District 43 P A G E

49 Figure Map of AI, ND, and IBD Disease Attacking Sector 3 Farms in the Last Three Years in Bandung District 44 P A G E

50 D. Vaccination Program Poultry immunization against diseases is done through vaccination. The AI, ND, and IBD vaccination program information on sector 1 farm was not available during the survey; neither in Cianjur nor in Bandung. Two farms of sector 2 in Arjasari sub district (Bandung district) had applied regular vaccination program to work against AI, ND, and IBD. This makes the vaccination in the sector 2 for such diseases had been fully covered (100%) in this sub district. Meanwhile for Cianjur district, the average vaccination coverage in sector 2 toward AI, ND, and IBD in the three surveyed sub districts was about 75%, 100%, and 50% respectively. Data of vaccination program for sector 2 in Cianjur and Bandung districts against AI, ND, and IBD can be seen in Table Table Vaccination Program of AI, ND, and IBD on Sector 2 Farm in Cianjur and Bandung Districts Sub District Cianjur District Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Answered Number of Farm AI Vaccination ND Vaccination IBD Vaccination Not Answered Total Number of Farm % Number of Farm % Number of Farm Total Bandung District Arjasari Rancaekek Majalaya Total Note: *Percentage was calculated by the number of farmer who answered the questionnaire % Vaccination program for AI, ND, and IBD was also applied to most of the farms of sector 3 around the surveyed areas. Table 5-11 indicates that the average vaccination coverage over ND in sector 3 around the three surveyed sub districts in Cianjur was relatively higher than in Bandung; i.e. 95.3% and 72.3% respectively. This is also the case for IBD vaccination; the average vaccination coverage for that disease in Cianjur (88.4%) was relatively higher than in Bandung (70.5%). As for AI, the average rata-rata vaccination coverage in the three surveyed sub districts in Bandung district (40.2%) was a little higher than in Cianjur district (32.6%) Table Vaccination Program of AI, ND, and IBD for Sector 3 Farm in Cianjur and Bandung Sub District Cianjur District Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Answered Number of Farm AI Vaccination ND Vaccination IBD Vaccination Not Answered Total Number of Farm % Number of Farm % Number of Farm Total Bandung District Arjasari Rancaekek Majalaya Total Note: *Percentage was calculated by the number of farmer who answered the questionnaire % P A G E

51 Figure Vaccination Program of AI, ND, and IBD for Sector 3 in Cianjur 46 P A G E

52 Figure Vaccination Program of AI, ND, and IBD for Sector 3 in Bandung 47 P A G E

53 E. Production Input and Output Flow 1/ Sector 1 Farm There were 2 enterprises of sector 1 in the surveyed areas; i.e. PT. Peternakan Ayam Manggis in Mande sub district of Cianjur district which was a parent stock farm and PT. Ciung Wanara in Rancaekek sub district of Bandung district which was a hatchery. a. Production Input Procurement PT. Peternakan Ayam Manggis got its DOC from PT Hybro Indonesia; located in Warung Kondang, Cianjur; and its feed from PT. Mega Prajasa Sentosa located at Cikupa, Tangerang. As for vaccine, vitamin, and medicine needs they were supplied by pharmacies like PT. Ceva, PT. Romindo, PT. SHS, PT. Swadesi, PT. Agro, and PT. Sanbe Farma. Sources of eggs for the hatchery PT Ciung Wanara are not known. b. Production Output Marketing The yield of this company were broiler DOC, layer DOC, male layer DOC, rejected egg, and spent hen. Broiler DOC and male layer was marketed to areas of Jabotabek (Jakarta, and surrounding cities Bogor, Tangerang and Bekasi) and West Java, and layer DOC was sold to Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Sumatera, Java, and Bali. The DOC marketing was directly to commercial poultry farms or through poultry shops. The company currently has regular customers; i.e. nine commercial poultry farms and six poultry shops for its DOC product; seven commercial poultry farms and four poultry shops for its layer DOC, and four commercial poultry farms and two poultry shops for male layer DOC. Rejected eggs were marketed only around Cianjur district and spent hen was sold to Jabotabek and West Java. The rejected egg consumers were bakeries, restaurants, caterers, and some were directly sold in markets. Spent hen product was directly fetched to eight distributors in the market. The sector 1 marketing and poultry product volume in the surveyed areas of Cianjur can be seen in Table Table The Marketing and Poultry Product Volume of Sector 1 around Cianjur District No. Product Customer Type 1 DOC broiler Commercial farm Poultry shop 2 DOC layer Commercial farm Poultry shop 3 Male Layer DOC Commercial farm Poultry shop 4 Rejected egg Bakeries, restaurants, caterers, and households Total Marketing Area Jabotabek West Java Sulawesi Kalimantan Java Bali Jabotabek West Java Cianjur 5 Spent hen Distributors at market 8 Jabotabek West Java Volume 81,600 poultry/week 39,168 poultry/week 41,000 poultry/week 1,296 eggs/week 5,125 poultry/month PT. Ciung Wanara hatchery farm marketed its DOC product to Tasikmalaya, Ciamis, and Bandung. Hatchery was done in Mondays and Thursdays with the volume 48 P A G E

54 production volume around 15,000 30,000 poultry/hatchery cycle. It was done by 10 hatchery machine with the capacity of 15,000 eggs/machine. The product marketing flow of sector 1 poultry farm can be seen in the following figure. Figure Product Marketing Flow of Sector 1 Poultry Farm Grand Parent Stock Parent Stock DOC (broiler, layer, male layer) Rejected Egg Spent Hen Commercial Farms (sector 2 and sector 3) Poultry Shop Bakeries Restaurants Caterers Market End Consumers Small Traders The map of sector 1 poultry production input and output in the surveyed areas of Cianjur and Bandung districts can be seen in the Figure / Sector 2 Farm In the surveyed area, there were seven sector 2 farms; five in Cianjur district and two in Bandung district. In Cianjur, the sector 2 farms included two broiler farms and three layer farms. As for the sector 2 farms in Bandung, they were all layer farms. a. Production Input Procurement The broiler farm in Cianjur survey area obtained DOC input through self-seedling by its mother company located in the same area or outside Cianjur district; whereas the layer farm obtained pullet supply from areas of Jakarta and Cianjur. The layer farm in Bandung surveyed area obtained the pullet from PT. Japfa Comfeed in Tangerang. All broiler and layer farms in both survey area obtained the poultry feed directly from the factory; i.e. PT. Charoen Pokphand in Tangerang, PT. Sierad Produce Tbk., and PT. Japfa Indonesia Tbk. The vaccine need was supplied by PT. SHS, PT. CEVA, PT. Vaccinedo, and PT. Sierad Produce Tbk. As for the vitamin and medicine needs, the farms of Cianjur obtained them from PT SHS, PT. Romindo, PT. Ima, PT. Sanbe; while the two farms in Bandung applied herbal medicines for medication. 49 P A G E

55 Figure Map of Sector 1 Poultry Production Input-Output Flow in Cianjur and Bandung Districts 50 P A G E

56 b. Production Output Marketing In Cianjur district, the broiler farm marketed their live poultry to the surrounding market, and to Bandung, Jakarta, Bogor, and Sukabumi with the average marketing volume about 212,500 poultry/year. The consumers were poultry collectors, agents/distributors in wet market, slaughterhouses (TPA); some directly did the slaughtering at their own slaughterhouses and stored them into cold storage and sell them in carcass form. The layer farms marketed their product to the surrounding markets, Bandung, and Jakarta with the average production volume about 1,637.5 ton/year. Layer farms in Bandung district marketed their egg product to the surrounding market, Banjar, and Ciparay with the average production volume about 730 ton/year. Spent hens from layer farms in Cianjur district were usually sold directly to agents in wet markets in Jakarta and Lampung areas with the average product volume about 35,500 poultry/cycle. The live poultry from broiler farms in Cianjur, Bandung, Jakarta, Bogor, and Sukabumi with the average marketing rata volume about 212,500 poultry/year. The consumers were collectors, agents in wet markets, slaughterhouse (TPA), and poultry slaughterhouse (RPA), and some directly cut them in their own slaughterhouse and put them in cold storage and sold them in carcass form. The flow of production marketing in sector 2 layer farms can be seen in Figure 5-33; while the Figure 5-34 shows the flow of production marketing of sector 2 broiler farms. Figure Sector 2 Layer Farms Flow of Production Marketing 51 P A G E

57 Figure Sector 2 Broiler Farms Flow of Production Marketing The map of sector 2 farm production input and output flow in Cianjur and Bandung districts can be seen in Figure / Sector 3 Farm There were 175 sector 3 farms throughout the surveyed areas; i.e. 45 farms in three sub districts of Cianjur district and 130 farms in three sub districts of Bandung district. a. Production Input Procurement The sector 3 farms in the surveyed sub districts of Cianjur district consisted of five layer farms, 39 broiler farms, and one quail farm. Most of the layer and broiler farms got the DOC from Sukabumi district (40%) and Cianjur district (35%); while the rest got it from Purwakarta district (7.5%), Jakarta (7.5%), Wonokoyo district of East Java (2.5%), Bogor (2.5%), Karawang (2.5%) and Tangerang (2.5%). As for the pullet needs; the layer farms got them from local resource (60%) and Jakarta (40%). The quail seedling was obtained from Sukabumi district. For the feed requirement; most of the farms directly acquired it from the factory in Bogor, Cirebon, Wonokoyo (East Java), Serang (Banten), Bekasi, Jakarta, and Tangerang. Only the quail farm got feed from poultry shop in Cianjur. Most of the layer and broiler farmer in Cianjur obtained vaccine directly from PT. Medion, PT. Mensana, PT. SHS, PT. Satwa Java Jaya, PT. HIPFA, and PT. Vaccinedo. The vitamin and medicine were also obtained directly from pharmacies like PT. Medion, PT. Mensana, PT. SHS, PT. Swadesi, PT. Sanbe, PT. Romindo, PT. Multi Satwa Medika, PT. Radivit, PT. Avindo, PT. Agro Makmur Sentosa, PT. Satwa Java Jaya, PT. Male, and Dugok RI Chung Chen Nam, Korea. All the mentioned companies were located in Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bandung. There was only one broiler farm and one quail farm that obtained the medication needs through local poultry shop. 52 P A G E

58 Figure Map of Sector 2 Farm Production Input and Output Flow in Cianjur and Bandung Districts 53 P A G E

59 The sector 3 farm type in the surveyed sub districts of Bandung district was more diversified; i.e. besides broiler farms (55%) and layer farms (16%), there were also laying duck farms (18%), meat duck farms (2%), kampong chicken farm (3%), and laying arabian chicken farm (6%). In Arjasari sub district, the broiler farmers procured DOC from Bandung, Purwakarta, Subang, Jakarta, Tangerang, Cianjur, Bogor, Sukabumi, and Wonokoyo (Malang, East Java). Layer farmers obtained pullet from Purwakarta, and laying duck farmers purchased pullet from farmers around local sub district. In Majalaya sub district, broiler farmers secured their DOC from areas of Subang. Layer farmers and laying duck farmers had their pullet from the local core farmers and other farmers. In Rancaekek, the types of poultry were even more diversified than the other two sub districts. Besides broiler and layer, farmers in the area also ventured on laying arabian chicken, kampong chicken, laying duck, and meat duck. Laying arabian chicken (of Hyland type) was obtained from Kediri (East Java) and Garut. Kampong chicken (super type) farmers produced their own DOC. Laying duck farmers got their DOC from farmers of other sub district in Bandung district; i.e. from Sukamanah, Majalaya, Lembang, and from Tasikmalaya district. Meat duck farmers were supplied with DOC from Cianjur and Magelang (Central Java). As for broiler farmers, they obtained DOC from Sukabumi and Bandung; and layer farmers got their pullet from Tangerang, Serang, and Bandung. Self-supporting broiler and layer farmers got their feed from feed factories in Bogor, Cirebon, Wonokoyo (East Java), Serang (Banten), Bekasi, Jakarta and Tangerang or from poultry shop around Bandung district. On the other hand, plasma farmers obtained feed from the core farmer in Bandung, Tangerang, and Serang. As for laying arabian chicken, the feed was obtained from poultry shop located in Garut and Sumedang. Kampong chicken farmers got the feed from poultry shops in Bandung and feed factories in Cianjur. The laying duck farmers obtained the feed (dedak) from the local paddy milling factory. For the vaccine needs, the self-supporting layer and broiler farmers directly fetched them from pharmacies like PT. Medion, PT. Mensana, PT. SHS, and PT. Vaccinedo, or from the poultry shop in Bandung area. The laying arabian chicken farmers had their vaccine fulfilled from the distributor of PT. Medion and local Dinas Peternakan. Kampong chicken farmers obtained the vaccine from Dinas Peternakan and agent in Cianjur; while laying and meat duck farmers did not apply vaccination to their flock. The vitamins and medicines for self-supporting layer and broiler farmers were generally supplied by pharmacies like PT. Medion, PT. Mensana, PT. SHS, PT. Sanbe, PT. Romindo, PT. APE Bandung, PT. Biotek Indonesia, PT. Agrinusa Unggul Jaya, PT. Univetama Dinamika, and PT. Intravet. These companies were located in Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi, and Bandung. Furthermore, besides directly from those companies, farmers also obtained them from poultry shops and agents around Bandung. The laying arabian chicken farmers got the vitamins and medicines from the distributor of PT. Medion and local Dinas Peternakan; while kampong chicken farmers had them from the Dinas Peternakan and agents in Cianjur and Tasikmalaya. Most 54 P A G E

60 duck farmers did not supply their flock with vitamins and medicines and some farmers who used vitamins and medicines obtained them from the local poultry shops. b. Production Output Marketing In the three surveyed sub districts of Cianjur district, broiler farmers marketed their live poultry to collectors, agents in wet market, poultry slaughterhouse (TPA and RPA). There were also farmers who sold poultry in carcass form by doing the slaughtering in their own slaughterhouse. The marketing target location included areas of Cianjur, Bandung, Jakarta, Sukabumi, and Bogor. The average production volume per year was up to 163,000 poultry per farmer in Mande sub district; 46,100 poultry per farmer in Karangtengah sub district; and 42,409 poultry per farmer in Cilaku sub district. The layer farmers marketed their egg yield to wet markets and restaurants in Cianjur and Jakarta with the average production volume per year about 489,750 ton per farmer in Mande sub district; 2,372.5 ton per farmer in Karangtengah sub district; and 6, ton per farmer in Cilaku sub district. The spent hens from the farm were sold to agents or to traders in wet market around Cianjur, Jakarta, Bogor, and Sukabumi with the average selling volume per year of 20,000 poultry per farmer in Mande sub district and 2,000 poultry per farmer in Karangtengah sub district. While the male layer poultry from the layer farms in Mande sub district were sold to RPA around Cianjur with the average selling volume of 170 poultry per farmer per year. In the surveyed areas of Bandung district, the self-supporting broiler farmers sold their live poultry to collectors, agents in wet market, and slaughterhouses (TPA and RPA), while the plasma farmers sold them to core farmers located in Bandung, Tangerang, and Serang. The target marketing sites included Bandung, Jakarta, Majalengka, Cianjur, Garut and Depok with the average production volume per year about 64,790 poultry per farmer in Arjasari sub district; 262,800 poultry per farmer in Majalaya sub district; and 4,333 poultry per farmer Rancaekek sub district. The layer farms marketed their egg yield to wet markets and restaurants around the local area, to Sumedang, and to Majalengka with the average production volume per year about 50,000 ton per farmer in Arjasari sub district; 46.7 ton per farmer in Majalaya sub district; and ton per farmer in Rancaekek sub district. The spent hens from the farms were sold to agents and traders in wet market around areas of Bandung, Cianjur, Garut, and Tasikmalaya with the average selling volume per year about 7,900 poultry per farmer in Majalaya sub district and 690 poultry per farmer in Rancaekek sub district. The male layer poultry were sold to agents or trader in wet market around Bandung with the average selling volume per year about 1,000 poultry per farmer in Majalaya sub district and 325 poultry per farmer in Rancaekek sub district. The marketing flow of layer and broiler in sector 3 farms was the same with the one in sector 2 farms; see the above Figure 5-33 and Figure The farmers of laying arabian and kampong chicken in Rancaekek sub district sold their live poultry (meat and spent laying poultry) to collectors in wet market around Bandung with the average selling volume per year about 22,500 meat arabian chicken, 50 spent arabian hen, 51,120 meat super kampong chicken, 33 spent 55 P A G E

61 kampong hens, and 3,180 spent laying ducks. The egg yield from laying arabian chicken farms was sold to Bandung areas with the average selling volume of 6.9 ton per farm per year. While duck eggs were sold to areas of Bandung and Majalengka with the average selling volume about 4 ton per farm per year. The flow of arabian kampong chicken yield marketing can be seen in the following Figure Figure Flow of Sector 3 Arabian and Kampong Chicken Farm Yield Marketing The flow of sector 3 duck farm yield marketing can be seen in the following Figure Figure Flow of Sector 3 Duck Farm Yield Marketing The map of production input and output flow of the sector 3 farms around the surveyed area of Cianjur and Bandung districts can be seen in the following Figure 5-38 and Figure P A G E

62 Figure Map of Production Input and Output Flow of Sector 3 Farms in Cianjur District 57 P A G E

63 Figure Map of Production Input and Output Flow of Sector 3 Farms in Bandung District 58 P A G E

64 4/ Wet market, Slaughterhouse, and Poultry Collector In the surveyed areas of Bandung district, there were four wet markets; they were Rancaekek Market and Wahana Karya Market in Rancaekek sub district and Pasar Baru Market and Pasar Stasiun Market in Majalaya sub district. In Cianjur district there were two wet markets; they were Terminal Lama Market and Mardiyuana Market. In the wet market of Rancaekek sub district, there was no live poultry trader since the application of the local government s law on banning live poultry trading in wet markets. Traders in wet market of Majalaya sub district, besides selling live poultry they also provided the slaughtering service. Therefore, the poultry buying from the collecting site, the slaughtering process, and the selling in carcass form were done at relatively the same spot (market). The types of poultry sold in the market were kampong chicken, duck, and broiler. Kampong chicken and duck poultry in the wet market of Majalaya sub district were collected from Bandung (Majalaya, Ibun, and Cibeureum sub districts), Garut, and Tasikmalaya districts. The selling volume of kampong chicken per day in average was about 37 poultry per trader and duck was 30 poultry per trader. Broiler chicken were obtained from farms around Majalaya sub district with the average daily selling volume about 80 poultry per trader. The consumers of this market were restaurants, caterers, retail/small eatery, processed food trader (chicken porridge, chicken noodle, etc.), and households around Majalaya area. There were also poultry collector traders in Majalaya sub district wet market, selling broiler or kampong chicken. These broiler collector obtained live poultry from the surrounding farms or poultry shop in Majalaya and Lampegan sub districts (of Bandung district) with the range of selling volume per trader about 100 kg 800 kg per day. The consumers were carcass traders in the wet market of Majalaya sub district, restaurants, caterers, and slaughterhouse (TPA) venturers. These kampong chicken collectors got the poultry from the community around Majalaya sub district. The consumers of these traders were retail traders, slaughterhouse (TPA) venturers, and households with the range of selling volume about poultry per day per trader. The slaughterhouse (TPA) companies existed in Rancaekek sub district were generally small-scale industries (household) and they directly marketed their commodity to Rancaekek and Pasar Wahana Karya markets. The slaughterhouse obtained broiler from broiler farm or poultry shop around Bandung district (sub districts of Majalaya, Banjar, Ciparay, Lembang, and Rancaekek), and Cianjur and Tasikmalaya districts. The consumers of these slaughterhouse (TPA) were restaurants, caterers, retail traders/small eateries, processed food traders (chicken porridge, chicken noodle, etc.), and households around Rancaekek areas with the selling volume ranging from 80 to 1,000 poultry per day per trader. The type of live poultry sold in wet markets in the surveyed areas of Cianjur district were kampong chicken, duck, muscovy duck and spent hens. Those poultry were directly obtained by the traders from farmers around local areas such as from Cibalagung, Mande, Cibeber, Cianjur Selatan, Warung Kondang, and Cilaku sub districts. Besides the mentioned areas, some traders also got the merchandise from Sukabumi district. The consumers of this market were households, restaurants, and 59 P A G E

65 caterers from areas around the market with the average selling volume of kampong chicken per day about 16 poultry per trader, duck about 17 poultry per trader, muscovy duck about 13 poultry per trader, and spent hens 20 poultry per trader. The collector traders in the surveyed areas were broiler traders. Live poultry was obtained from broiler farms around Cianjur and Sukabumi districts with the average buying volume about 880 poultry/day/trader. In general, those collector traders own TPA that they also offered slaughtering service and sold in carcass form. Consumers of these traders were restaurants, caterers, other traders and TPA venturers in the surrounding areas with the average carcass selling volume about 463 poultry/day/trader and live poultry about rata 760 poultry/day/trader. F. Sector 4 Farm Profile 1/ Farm Location The information of sector 4 farmers in the three sub districts of Cianjur and Bandung districts was collected from each of four sampled village for every sub districts. The data of the sampled four villages for each sub district and the number of farmer respondents for every village can be seen in Table The map of farm location distribution on the four sampled villages sample at each surveyed sub district can be seen in Figure 5-40 to Figure These maps show that most of the distribution of sector 4 farms at each point of sampling location (RW) in every village was equally dispersed, in both surveyed Cianjur and Bandung district. This sector 4 distribution condition at least shows us about the general condition that applied at village level and local sub districts. The poultry in sector 4 are dispersed throughout the whole village and this makes providing animal health services, movement control and implementing biosecurity measures very difficult. Table Sampled Villages and number of Respondent Per Village in Surveyed Sub District Sub District Sampled Village Number of Sampling Number of Point (RW) Respondent Karangtengah (1) Maleber (2) Subandar 4 94 (3) Bojong (4) Sukamanah 4 92 Mande (1) Bobojong (2) Cikidang Bayabang (3) Jamali (4) Kademangan Cilaku (1) Sirnagalih (2) Rahong (3) Ciharahas (4) Sukasari Total 48 1,465 Arjasari (1) Pinggir sari 4 57 (2) Rancakole (3) Arjasari 4 45 (4) Patrol Sari 4 61 Majalaya (1) Bojong Loa 4 46 (2) Tegal Sumedang 4 63 (3) Haur Pugur P A G E

66 Sub District Sampled Village Number of Sampling Number of Point (RW) Respondent (4) Jelegong 4 58 Rancaekek (1) Majasetra 4 57 (2) Neglasari 4 47 (3) Majalaya 4 27 (4) Wangi Sagara 4 56 Total / Farm Characteristics Poultry farming system in sector 4 farms were divided into four ways of poultry keeping (1) poultry were kept in closed cages; (2) poultry were kept in cages with fenced free-ranging area; (3) poultry were kept in fenced backyards of farmer s house; (4) poultry were allowed to roam freely (free-ranging) in backyards and to other areas (refer to Table 5-14). In the three sub districts that were surveyed in Cianjur District, most of the poultry farming was by way of (1) and (2) farming system, 73.6 % in Cilaku sub district, 65.7% in Mande sub district and 63% in Karangtengah sub district. Whereas in Bandung District, poultry farming by implementing those 2 ways were done in 53% of the farms in Arjasari sub district, 38.4% in Rancaekek sub district and 36.6% in Majalaya sub district. However, the number of farmer that kept their poultry freely in house backyard (way no. 4) were still considered relatively high, especially in Arjasari sub district (41.2%), Majalaya sub district (39.0%) and Karangtengah sub district (32.5%). In general, the farmers considered sector 4 poultry farming as side job, on which the farmer s dependency as a main income is less than 30% of their total living cost. In the three sub districts surveyed in Cianjur District 80.9% sector 4 farms were categorized as side job, whereas in three sub districts surveyed in Bandung District were 89.1% (refer to Note: The data were based on the number of respondent who actually answered to the asked question Table 5-15). This side job paradigm in poultry farming was surely related to the low number of poultry population in their farms. This condition is indicated by the average number of sector 4 poultry kept per family in sampled village or in the surveyed sub districts of both districts (refer to Table 5-17). The number and type of poultry kept by sector 4 farmers at sampled village in each surveyed sub district can be seen in detail at Table Biosecurity aspects implemented in most of the sector 4 farms were relatively poor, in the three sub districts in Cianjur District as well as Bandung District (refer to Table 5-17). 61 P A G E

67 Figure Map of Location Distribution of Sector 4 Farms in Karangtengah of Cianjur District 62 P A G E

68 Figure Map of Location Distribution of Sector 4 Farms in Cilaku of Cianjur District 63 P A G E

69 Figure Map of Location Distribution of Sector 4 Farms in Mande of Cianjur District 64 P A G E

70 Figure Map of Location Distribution of Sector 4 Farms in Arjasari of Bandung District 65 P A G E

71 Figure Map of Location Distribution of Sector 4 Farms in Rancaekek of Bandung District 66 P A G E

72 Figure Map of Location Distribution of Sector 4 Farms in Majalaya of Bandung District 67 P A G E

73 Farming System Table Sector 4 Poultry Farming System in Cianjur District and Bandung District Cilaku Sub district Cianjur District Karangtengah Sub district Mande Sub district Arjasari Sub district Bandung District Rancaekek Sub district Majalaya Sub district Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % - In closed cages In cages with free-ranging area completed with fence In fenced backyard of farmers house Freely roams (free-ranging) in the backyard and other areas outside the house T O T A L Note: The data were based on the number of respondent who actually answered to the asked question Main Purpose of Farming Table Purpose of Sector 4 Poultry Farming in Cianjur District and Bandung District Cilaku Sub district Cianjur District Karangtengah Sub district Mande Sub district Arjasari Sub district Bandung District Rancaekek Sub district Majalaya Sub district Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % - Main job Side job Self consumption Hobby T O T A L Note: The data were based on the number of respondent who actually answered to the asked question 68 P A G E

74 Table Households with poultry and types of poultry kept by Sector 4 Farmer at Sampled Villages District Sub District Sampled Village Chicken Only Duck Only Goose Only Bird Only Muscovy Duck Only Number of Owner Broiler Only Layer Only Kampong Chicken & Duck Only Kampong Chicken & Muscovy Duck Only Other Combination Bandung Majalaya Majasentra Neglasari Majalaya Wangisagara Rancaekek Bojongloa Tegal Sumedang Haur Rugur Jelegong Arjasari Pinggirsari Rancakole Arjasari Patrolsari Total Bandung Cianjur Cilaku Sirnagalih Pasir Leutik Rahong Ciharashas Sukasari Karangtengah Maleber Sabandar Bojong Sukamanah Mande Bobojong Cikidang Jamali Kademangan Total Cianjur Overall total Total 69 P A G E

75 3/ Biosecurity Condition Observations were done to determine biosecurity level in sector 4 farms in the three surveyed sub districts in each district (Cilaku, Karangtengah and Mande sub districts in Cianjur District and Majalaya, Arjasari and Rancaekek sub districts in Bandung District). The aspects observed were farming system, sanitation (cage, backyard, and feed and drink container), handling of poultry feces, movement control in the farm area, handling of sick/dead poultry and quarantine measures done in each farm. Observation on those six aspects indicated that the biosecurity level in most of the sector 4 farms in the six surveyed sub districts were categorized as relatively poor, with the highest percentage in Karangtengah sub district (83.1%) and the lowest in Arjasari sub district (60.9%). In contrary, farms that were categorized as medium to good were relatively high in Arjasari sub district (39.1%) and lowest in Karangtengah sub district (16.9%) Biosecurity is the first line of defense to diseases (Cardona 2005). If farmer implements good biosecurity, it will keep microbes away from the poultry and the poultry away from microbes (Jeffrey 2006). The relatively poor biosecurity condition in both study areas may act as a trigger for the entry and spread of infectious agents. Farm with poor biosecurity condition may promote AI virus infection in poultry (FAO 2005), and may cause the spread of H5N1 virus to other farms (Songserm et al. 2006). Poultry kept in farms with poor biosecurity level has 5x higher risk of being exposed to AI virus compared to poultry in farms with good biosecurity condition (Sinarjaya, 2007). Detail description of biosecurity condition in sector 4 poultry farms in Cianjur District and Bandung District is shown in Table Table Condition of Biosecurity Level in Sector 4 Poultry Farms in Cianjur District and Bandung District District Cilaku Sub district Category of Biosecurity Level Number of Respondent Good Medium Poor Total % Cianjur Bandung Karangtengah Mande Majalaya Arjasari Good Medium Poor Total Good Medium Poor Total Good Medium Poor Total Good Medium Poor Total P A G E

76 District Sub district Category of Biosecurity Level Number of Respondent % Rancaekek Good Medium Poor Total / Estimation of Population Estimation of poultry population in sector 4 farms in the study areas were done by three approach methods, (1) determining average number of poultry owned by each farmer (head of family) in sampled village level and sub district level, (2) determining proportion of farmer (head of family) who owns poultry in each sub district, and (3) determining the number of farmer (head of family) in each sub district (secondary data). The result from surveys done in three sub districts in Cianjur District and Bandung District revealed that the average numbers of poultry owned by each farmer were relatively similar, with the highest rate in Mande Sub district (11 poultry/farmer) and the lowest in Cilaku Sub district (9.2 poultry/farmer). While in sampled village level, the average number of poultry owned by each farmer was highest in Pasir Leutik village (Cilaku sub district) which was 15.1 poultry/farmer and the lowest were in Sukasari village (Cilaku sub district) and Subandar village (Karang Tengah sub district) which was 7.9 poultry/farmer. The detailed data of sector 4 poultry ownership per farmer in sampled village level and sub district level is shown in Table Table Average Number of Poultry Owned by Each Farmer in Sampled Villages and Surveyed Sub Districts Sub district/district Name of Sampled Village Sampled village (number of poultry) Karangtengah/Cianjur (1) Maleber 10.7 (2) Subandar 7.9 (3) Bojong 12.2 (4) Sukamanah 9.4 Mande/Cianjur (1) Bobojong 8.5 (2) Cikidang Bayabang 8.2 (3) Jamali 13.6 (4) Kademangan 13.7 Cilaku/Cianjur (1) Sirnagalih 8.4 (2) Rahong 9.3 (3) Ciharashas 9.4 (4) Sukasari 7.9 (5) Pasir Leutik 15.1 Arjasari/Bandung (1) Pinggis Sari 8.5 (2) Rancakole 10.9 (3) Arjasari 8.1 (4) Patrolsari 10.2 Rancaekek/Bandung (1) Bojongloa 12.1 (2) Tegal Sumedang 9.2 (3) Haur Pugur 9.1 (4) Jelegong 11.4 Majalaya/Bandung (1) Maja Setra 8.9 (2) Neglasari 11.6 (3) Majalaya 8.8 Average number of poultry owned per farmer Sub district level (number of poultry) P A G E

77 Average number of poultry owned per farmer (4) Wangi Sagara 8.9 The highest proportion of farmer (head of family) who owned sector 4 poultry from the 6 sub districts surveyed was in Arjasari Sub district (0.61) and the lowest was in Karangtengah Sub district (0.2). In detail, the proportion of farmer who owns sector 4 poultry is shown in Table Cianjur Bandung Table Proportion of Farmer Owning Sector 4 Poultry in Cianjur District and Bandung District District Sub District Village No. of Respondent No. Poultry Owner Sampled Village Proportion Sampled Sub District Cilaku Sirnagalih Rahong Ciharashas Pasir Leutik (Ciharashas) Sukasari Total 1, Karangtengah Maleber Sabandar Bojong Sukamanah Total 2, Mande Bobojong Cikidang Jamali Kademangan Total 1, Arjasari Rancaekek Majalaya The estimation of sector 4 poultry population in each sub district can be determined based on the average number of poultry owned per farmer or per family, proportion of farmer who owns poultry and the number of family per sub district. The survey result shows that the highest poultry population of sector 4 farm in the three surveyed sub districts of Cianjur was found in Cilaku Sub districts with 87,100 birds and the lowest was in Karangtengah Sub district with 68,050 birds. As for the sampled village, the highest number of poultry population was found in Jamali Village with 17,775 birds and the lowest was in Sukamanah Village with 3,309 birds. For the three sub districts in Bandung, the highest sector 4 poultry population was found in Majalaya sub district; i.e. 183,753 birds. The other two sub districts had 128,759 birds (Arjasari sub district) and 136,298 birds (Rancaekek sub district). In the sampled village level, two villages in Rancaekek sub district have the highest and the lowest number of poultry population, Bojong Loa Village (15,259) and Tegal Sumedang Village (3,166) respectively. In detail, the data of sector 4 poultry population in Cianjur district and Bandung district is shown in Table 5-20 and Table P A G E

78 Table Estimation of Sector 4 Poultry Population in Three Surveyed Sub districts in Cianjur District Sub district Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Village Number of family/ village Average number of poultry owned per family Proportion of Family that owns Poultry Estimation of Population (Number of Poultry/ Village) 1. Sukamanah *) 1, , Cikarang 2, , Sukamantri 1, , Sukasarana 1, , Sukasari 1, , Bojong *) 4, , Bbk. Caringin 1, , Subandar *) 3, , Sindangsari 2, , Sukataris 2, , Sidanglaka 1, , Langensari 1, , Hegarmanah 3, , Sukajadi 1, , Sukamulya 1, , Maleber *) 2, ,463 Total 32,861 68, Kademangan *) 2, , Bobojong *) 3, , Cikidang Bayabang *) 1, , Mande , Mulyasari 1, , Jamali *) 2, , Ciandan 1, , Sukamanah 1, , Leuwikoja , Mekarjaya , Kutawaringin , Murnisari ,969 Total 17,797 86, Sukasari *) 2, , Sirnagalih *) 3, , Sukakerta 2, , Cibinonghilir 1, , Rahong *) 1, , Munjul 1, , Rancagoong 1, , Sindangsari 2, , Ciharahas *) 2, , Mulyasari 1, , Pasir Leutik*) 1, ,442 Total 22,812 87,100 Note : Estimation of Population = Number of family/village x Average Number of Poultry Owned/family x Proportion of Family that owns poultry *= Sampled Village 73 P A G E

79 Table Estimation of Sector 4 Poultry Population in Three Surveyed Sub districts in Bandung District Sub district Village Number of family/ village Average number of poultry owned per family Proportion of Family that owns Poultry Estimation of Population (Number of Poultry/ Village) 1. Arjasari*) 2, , Pinggir Sari*) 2, , Lebak Wangi 2, , Batu Karut 2, , Mangunjaya 1, ,049 Arjasari 6. Warga Luyu 1, , Baros 2, , Mekar Jaya 1, , Patrol Sari*) 1, , Rancakole*) 2, , Andol Mekar 1, ,861 Total 21, , Sukamanah 1, , Tegal Sumedang*) 1, , Rancaekek Kulon 3, , Rancaekek Wetan 9, , Bojong Loa*) 4, , Jelegong*) 3, ,737 Rancaekek 7. Suka Mulya 2, , Linggar 2, , Cangkuang 2, , Haur Pugur*) 2, , Nanjung Mekar 2, , Bojong Salam 1, , Sangiang 1, ,995 Total 38, , Biru 4, , Bojong 3, , Pada Mulya 3, , Pada Ulun 3, , Majalaya*) 2, ,344 Majalaya 6. Maja Setra*) 2, , Maja Kerta 2, , Neglasari*) 2, , Sukamaju 5, , Sukamukti 3, , Wangi Sagara*) 3, ,351 Total 36, ,753 Note: Estimation of Population = Number of family/village x Average Number of Poultry Owned/family x Proportion of Family that owns poultry *= Sampled Village 5/ Population Density Density of sector 4 poultry population per ha in an area is strongly influenced by the number of poultry population and the size of the area. Table 5-22 shows the poultry population density for the three surveyed sub districts in Cianjur; Karangtengah was poultry/ha, Cilaku was 17.3 poultry/ha, and Mande was 11.3 poultry/ha. As for the sampled village, the highest density was found in Pasir Leutik village with 57.5 poultry/ha and the lowest was in Sukamanah village with 5.5 poultry/ha. In Bandung District, the highest number of poultry population density was in Majalaya Sub district which was 74 poultry/ha. The sector 4 poultry population densities in the other two sub districts were relatively similar, 25 poultry/ha in Arjasari Sub district and 28 poultry/ha in Rancaekek Sub district (see Table 5-23). 74 P A G E

80 Table Sector 4 Poultry Population Density in Three Surveyed Sub districts in Cianjur District Sub district Village Area (Ha) Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Note *) = Sampled Village Estimated Population (Number of Poultry/Village) Population Density (Number of Poultry/Ha) 1. Sukamanah *) , Cikarang , Sukamantri , Sukasarana , Sukasari , Bojong *) , Bbk. Caringin , Subandar *) , Sindangsari , Sukataris , Sidanglaka , Langensari , Hegarmanah , Sukajadi , Sukamulya , Maleber *) , Total 5, , Kademangan *) , Bobojong *) , Cikidang Bayabang *) , Mande , Mulyasari , Jamali *) , Ciandan , Sukamanah , Leuwikoja --- 2, Mekarjaya 1, , Kutawaringin , Murnisari , Total 7, , Sukasari *) , Sirnagalih *) , Sukakerta , Cibinonghilir , Rahong *) , Munjul , Rancagoong , Sindangsari , Ciharahas *) , Mulyasari , Pasir Leutik*) , Total 5, , P A G E

81 Arjasari Rancaekek Majalaya Table Sector 4 Poultry Population Density in Three Surveyed Sub districts in Bandung District Sub district Village Area (hectare) Note *) = Sampled village Estimated Population (Number of Poultry/Village) Population Density (Number of Poultry/ha) 1. Arjasari , Pinggir Sari 1, , Lebak Wangi , Batu Karut , Mangunjaya , Warga Luyu , Baros , Mekar Jaya , Patrol Sari , Rancakole , Andol Mekar , Total 5, , Sukamanah , Tegal Sumedang , Rancaekek Kulon , Rancaekek Wetan , Bojong Loa , Jelegong , Suka Mulya , Linggar , Cangkuang , Haur Pugur , Nanjung Mekar , Bojong Salam , Sangiang , Total 4, , Biru , Bojong , Pada Mulya , Pada Ulun , Majalaya , Maja Setra , Maja Kerta , Neglasari , Sukamaju , Sukamukti , Wangi Sagara , Total 2, , / Avian Influenza (AI) Vaccination Status In general, most of the sector 4 farms in the surveyed sub districts in Cianjur District and Bandung District had never been introduced to AI vaccination. In other words, the coverage of AI vaccination program in both surveyed districts did not cover the sector 4 farms well. Table 5-24 shows that the highest level of AI vaccination coverage in three surveyed sub districts in Cianjur district only reached 22.9%, which is in Cilaku sub district. In Bandung district, the highest percentage of AI vaccination coverage was in Majalaya Sub district which was 11.7%. 76 P A G E

82 Table Avian Influenza Vaccination Status in Three Surveyed Sub districts in Cianjur District and Bandung District Cianjur Bandung District Sub district Number of farm AI vaccination status respondent Vaccinated (%) Not vaccinated (%) - Karangtengah 62 7 (11.3) 55 (88.7) - Mande (21.6) 58 (78.4) - Cilaku (22.9) 81 (77.1) - Arjasari 40 1 (2.5) 39 (97.5) - Rancaekek 26 1 (3.8) 25 (96.2) - Majalaya 34 4 (11.8) 30 (88.2) In addition, frequency of vaccination in some of the sector 4 farms that had been vaccinated with AI vaccine is also considered low. Generally, AI vaccination in sector 4 farms in both districts had only been done once. The low level of AI vaccination coverage and irregularity in vaccination program would cause ineffectiveness in AI disease control in sector 4 farms in both districts. 7/ Production Input and Output Flow Species of poultry that can be found kept in sector 4 farms are kampong chickens, ducks, geese and muscovy ducks. Seed sources for kampong chicken in surveyed area in Bandung District and Cianjur District are shown in Table Table Sources of Kampong Chicken Seed for Sector 4 Farms Source of Chicken Seed Cianjur District Number of % Farmer Bandung District Number of % Farmer - Farmers within the same/local sub district Markets within the local sub district Self-breeding (natural hatching on the farm) Farmers from other sub districts Markets in the local district Poultry broker (tengkulak) Poultry collectors Combination of 2 or more sources mentioned above Total 1, Most of the farmers in the surveyed area in Bandung District obtained the kampong chicken through hatching own farm eggs (64.1%) and from farmers within the same sub district (26%). While in general, farmers in Cianjur District obtained the kampong chicken breeding material from farmers within the same sub district (48.9%) and by self breeding (31.3%). As for the source for duck breeding material, most of the farmers in the surveyed area of Bandung district obtained their duck seeds through self breeding (59.5%) and from farmers within the same sub district (29.7%). Majority of farmers in Cianjur District obtained their duck seeds from farmers within the same sub district (39.1%) and by self breeding (30.8%). Sources of duck seed in the surveyed area in Bandung and Cianjur District are described in detail in Table P A G E

83 Source of Duck Seed Table Sources of Duck Seed for Sector 4 Farms Cianjur District Number or % farmer Bandung District Number of % farmer - Farmers within the same/local sub district Markets within the local sub district Self breeding Farmers from other sub districts Markets in the local district Poultry broker (tengkulak) Combination of 2 or more sources mentioned above Total As for the goose seed source (see Table 5-27), the majority of farmers in the surveyed area in Bandung District obtained their goose seeds through self breeding (52.6%) and from farmers within the same sub district (42.1%). Whereas farmers in the Cianjur District obtained their goose seeds from farmers within the same sub district (28.1%), self breeding (15.6%), and from markets within the local district (15.6%). For the sources of bird seed, most farmers in Bandung District obtained their bird seed through self breeding (40.5%) and from farmers within the same sub district (20.7%), while farmers in Cianjur District obtained bird seed from farmers within the same sub district (43.5%) and from markets within the local district (16.8%). Sources of bird seed supply in the surveyed area in Bandung and Cianjur Districts are shown in Table Source of Goose Seed Table Sources of Goose Seed for sector 4 farms Cianjur District Number of % farmer Bandung District Number of % farmer - Farmers within the same/local sub district Self breeding Markets within the local sub district Farmers from other sub districts Markets in the local district Poultry broker (tengkulak) Profit sharing system Combination of 2 or more sources mentioned above Total Sources of Bird Seed Table Sources of Bird Seed for Sector 4 farms Cianjur District Number of % farmer Bandung District Number of % farmer - Markets in the local sub district Self breeding Farmers within the local sub district Farmers from other sub districts Markets in the local district Profit sharing system Others Total For the supply of muscovy duck seed, most farmers in Bandung District obtained the seed through self breeding (55.6%) and from farmers within the same sub district (40.3%), whereas farmers in Cianjur District obtained the seed from farmers within the same sub district (48.1%) and through self breeding (25%). Sources for muscovy duck 78 P A G E

84 seed supply in the surveyed areas in Bandung District and Cianjur District are shown in Table Sources of Muscovy Duck Seed Table Sources of Muscovy Duck Seed for Sector 4 Farms Cianjur District Number of % farmer Bandung District Number of % farmer - Farmers within the local sub district Self breeding Markets in the local sub district Farmers from other sub districts Markets in the local district Poultry broker (tengkulak) Combination of 2 or more sources mentioned above Total Supply of poultry seed sources (kampong chickens, ducks, geese, birds and muscovy ducks) for sector 4 farmers as mentioned above, indicated that the mobility of poultry sources input in both surveyed districts were carried out within the local sub district. The marketing of sector 4 farm products in Bandung District and Cianjur District are shown in Table Table Poultry and Egg Marketing in Sector 4 Cianjur District Bandung District Live Poultry/Egg Marketing Live Poultry Egg Live Poultry Egg Farmer % Farmer % Farmer % Farmer % - Through collectors To local sub district market To local district market For self consumption Combination of 2 or more marketing type above Total 1, In the surveyed areas in Bandung District, most of the live poultry in sector 4 farms were sold as products through collectors (75.5%) and others were used for self consumption purpose (17.6%). In Cianjur District, most of the farmers sold their live poultry through collectors (62.4%) and others used them for self consumption purpose (31.0%). As for sector 4 farm egg products, most farmers in Bandung District (66.7%) and Cianjur District (70.3%) consumed them for self sustenance. G. Total Poultry Population Number and Density The total poultry population number and density for the whole sector (1, 2, 3, and 4) for each surveyed sub district can be seen in Table 5-31 and Table In Cianjur district, the highest poultry population number for sub district level was in Mande (921,102 birds) and the lowest was in Karangtengah (287,850 birds). The highest density for sub district level was in Cilaku (130.2 poultry/ha) and the lowest was in Karangtengah (50.8 poultry/ha). For sampled village level, the highest population number was in Jamali village with 464,152 birds and the lowest was in Sukamanah village with 3,309 birds. And the highest population density was found in Jamali village with poultry/ha and the lowest was in Sukamanah village (5.5 poultry/ha). 79 P A G E

85 Sub District Village Area (ha) Karangtengah Mande Cilaku Table Total Poultry Population Number and Density in Cianjur District Population per Sector Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total Sector 1,2,3 Population Density (poultry/ha) Population of Sector 4 Sector 4 Population Density (poultry/ha) Total Population of Sector 1,2,3,4 Population Density of Sector 1,2,3,4 1. Sukamanah *) , , Cikarang , , Sukamantri , , Sukasarana , , Sukasari , , Bojong *) ,300 9, , , Bbk. Caringin ,000 20, , , Subandar *) , , Sindangsari , , Sukataris ,000 6, , , Sidanglaka , , Langensari ,500 5, , , Hegarmanah , , , , , Sukajadi , , Sukamulya , , Maleber *) , , Total , , , , , Kademangan *) , , Bobojong *) , , , , Cikidang Bayabang *) , , Mande , , , , Mulyasari , , Jamali *) , ,000 20, , , , Ciandam ,000 40, , , Sukamanah , , Leuwikoja --- 2,284 2, Mekarjaya 1, ,000 50, , , Kutawaringin , , Murnisari , , Total 7, , , , , , , Sukasari *) , , Sirnagalih *) ,500 37, , , Sukakerta , , , , , Cibinonghilir ,500 12, , , P A G E

86 Sub District Village Area (ha) Population per Sector Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total Sector 1,2,3 Population Density (poultry/ha) Population of Sector 4 Sector 4 Population Density (poultry/ha) Total Population of Sector 1,2,3,4 Population Density of Sector 1,2,3,4 5. Rahong *) ,000 87, , , Munjul ,000 18, , , Rancagoong ,000 10, , , Sindangsari , , , , Ciharahas *) ,000 13,816 73, , , Mulyasari , , Pasir Leutik , , Total 5, , , , , , Sub District Village Area (ha) Arjasari Rancaekek Table Total Poultry Population Number and Density in Bandung District Population per Sector Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total Sector 1,2,3 Population Density (poultry/ha) Population of Sector 4 Sector 4 Population Density (poultry/ha) Total Population of Sector 1,2,3,4 Population Density of Sector 1,2,3,4 1. Arjasari *) , , , , , Pinggir Sari *) 1, ,000 95, , , Lebak Wangi ,200 32, , , Batu Karut ,300 14, , , Mangunjaya , , Warga Luyu ,000 17, , , Baros ,000 73, , , Mekar Jaya ,000 9, , , Patrol Sari *) ,000 20,000 80, , , Rancakole *) , , Andol Mekar , , Total , , , , , Sukamanah ,835 2, , , Tegal Sumedang *) , , Rancaekek Kulon , , Rancaekek Wetan , , Bojong Loa *) ,500 16, , , Jelegong *) ,190 6, , , Suka Mulya ,300 1, , , Linggar , , Cangkuang ,970 9, , , Haur Pugur *) ,445 30, , , P A G E

87 Sub District Village Area (ha) Majalaya Population per Sector Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Total Sector 1,2,3 Population Density (poultry/ha) Population of Sector 4 Sector 4 Population Density (poultry/ha) Total Population of Sector 1,2,3,4 Population Density of Sector 1,2,3,4 11. Nanjung Mekar ,149 1, , , Bojong Salam ,800 5, , , Sangiang ,110 2, , , Total 4, ,319 78, , , Biru , , Bojong , , Pada Mulya ,500 11, , , Pada Ulun , , Majalaya *) ,500 1, , , Maja Setra *) , , Maja Kerta ,000 12, , , Neglasari *) , , Sukamaju , , Sukamukti , , Wangi Sagara *) ,132 19, , , Total 2, ,222 44, , , P A G E

88 In Bandung district, the highest population number for sub district level was found in Arjasari sub district with 837,758 birds and the lowest was in Rancaekek sub district with 217,661 birds. The highest poultry population density was found in Arjasari sub district with poultry/ha and the lowest density was in Rancaekek with 44.0 poultry/ha. For sampled village level, the highest poultry population number was found in Arjasari village with 399,732 birds and the lowest was in Tegal Sumedang village with 3,879 birds. The highest poultry population density for sampled village level was found in Arjasari village with poultry/ha and the lowest was in Tegal Sumedang village with 12.9 poultry/ha. The total poultry population density in villages of surveyed sub districts in Cianjur and Bandung can be seen in Figure 5-46 to Figure H. Poultry Sector Infrastructure 1/ Cianjur District Cianjur district has a good potential for animal farming. The cattle population data in 2006 indicated that the number of cow was 1,905, cattle was 23,320, buffalo was 14,107, sheep was 264,530, goat was 87,690 and horse was 1,397. As for the population of birds on the same year included layer 1,108,537 chicken, broiler 4,977,315 chicken, kampong chicken 2,941,234 chicken, and duck 367,487 birds. Especially for current poultry sector; the numbers of active farms in Cianjur district were six breeding farms, 96 broiler farms (of sector 2 and sector 3), and 28 layer farms (of sector 2 and sector 3). The patterns of poultry farming venture in sector 2 and sector 3 in this area were the pattern of self-supporting farming and coreplasma farming system. In order to support such poultry business activities; in Cianjur there were seven 7 poultry shops that took a role in supplying production means. The data of breeding farm and poultry shops in Cianjur area can be seen in Table 5-33 and Table Table The List of Breeding Farm in Cianjur District No. Company Type Strain Address 1. PT. Hybro Indonesia (GPS) Broiler Layer 2. PT. Manggis (PS) Broiler Layer 3. PT. Cipendawa (GPS and PS) Broiler Layer Layer Hybro Hysex Hybro Hysex Hubbard Golden Commet Isa Brown Cikalong Kulon sub district Mande sub district Pacet sub district 4. PT. Nuyan Farm (PS) Broiler Hubbard Cianjur sub district 5. PT. Penta Farm (PS) Broiler Hubbard Sukaresmi sub district 6. PT. Surya Tegal sari (PS) Broiler Cobb Pacet sub district Table The List of Poultry Shop in Cianjur District No. Poultry Shop (PS) Address 1. Cahaya PS Jl. Pasar Baru No. 31, Cianjur 2. Subur Tani PS Jl. Pasar Baru No , Cianjur 3. Irwan PS Jl. Pasar Baru No. 182, Cianjur 4. Berkat PS Jl. Otista No. 3, Cianjur 5. Dannas Farm PS Ds. Warung Dadas, Kec. Mande, Cianjur 6. Cikalong PS Cikalong, Cianjur 83 P A G E

89 Figure Total Poultry Population Density Map for Karangtengah Sub District in Cianjur District 84 P A G E

90 Figure Total Poultry Population Density Map for Mande Sub District in Cianjur District 85 P A G E

91 Figure Total Poultry Population Density Map for Cilaku Sub District in Cianjur District 86 P A G E

92 Figure Total Poultry Population Density Map for Arjasari Sub District in Bandung District 87 P A G E

93 Figure Total Poultry Population Density Map for Rancaekek Sub District in Bandung District 88 P A G E

94 Figure Total Poultry Population Density Map for Majalaya Sub District in Bandung District 89 P A G E

95 The government body that rendered the service in animal farming sector in Cianjur district was Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan which was address at Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim No. 26 Kabupaten Cianjur. The facilities owned by this body were one animal market for sheep and goat, one type-c slaughterhouse (RPH) which was still under-equipped, and three animal health posts (Poskeswan). Out of the three posts, only one functioned fully as service posts giving out animal health services; i.e. the one located in Cugenang sub district. The other two posts; located in KUD Cipanas and Agrabinta; functioned more as integrated animal service center which activities included artificial insemination, reproduction check (PKB), Assistance Technique Reproduction (ATR) and animal health service. The diagnostic equipment owned by Dinas of Cianjur were testing kit for avian influenza (AI) for rapid test, ph meter, thermometer, minor surgery equipment, microscope and formalin test for food originated from animal and fish. The number of human resource; with civil servant status (PNS); in this body was 141 persons. But the number of human resource that directly related to the animal farming; in aspects of policy and operational; was only 27 persons with level of education/expertise included veterinarian (3 persons), animal farming graduates (4 persons), veterinary medicine graduates (1 person), paramedic (9 persons), economy graduates (1 person), high-school graduates (9 persons). Having seen the area to cover and the poultry potency in Cianjur district; it is certainly obvious that the current number of human resource would not suffice all the medical expertise, paramedic expertise, and general animal farming needs. The disease control program for avian influenza (AI) had been done in the area since 2004; which included: 1. Socialization of AI disease; annual program. 2. Vaccination for AI on poultry of sector 4 since the end of 2004 using H5N1 vaccine, and in the early 2006 using H5N2 vaccine. 3. Spraying disinfectant around sector 4 farms which became annual program. The surveillance program for AI was initiated in 2005 which covered the activities of post-vaccination antibody titer check, monitoring, and sample drawing to detect AI. These programs were very much helped by the activity of participatory disease surveillance/pds team and participatory disease response/pdr team since Besides by the government, the AI disease control was also done by private sector; i.e. Community-based Avian Influenza Control Project (CBAIC) addressed at Gedung BRI II Suite 2807, Jl. Jendral Sudirman no Jakarta. This institution was built on the collaboration among the National Committee on AI Control (Komite Nasional Pengendalian Flu Burung) in order to raise awareness against AI pandemic (Komnas FBPI), USAID, and Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan of Cianjur district. The activity was to help local government to socialize the mitigation and prevention of AI disease, formed up team of volunteers to control AI and performed disinfectant at sub district level. This program had trained 30 volunteers across sub districts in Cianjur district who actively participated in the socialization of AI disease, reported AI cases, and 90 P A G E

96 performed disinfection in their own territory. It seemed effective to help overcoming the shortage on medical and paramedic human resource in the area. Furthermore, Cianjur district also had poultry associations involved in the AI control. One of the associations was Tri Mitra group that focused in broiler farming with 20 members. The activity of this group against AI included improving the biosecurity on their pens. Other poultry group in the area of Cianjur district can be seen in Table Table Poultry Groups in Cianjur District No. Group Name Address 1 Kelompok Ternak Puyuh Bina Satwa Kademangan Mande sub district 2 Kelompok Ayam Buras Pasir Lama Cibinonghilir Cilaku sub district 3 Kelompok Ayam Buras Laksana Mulya Sirnagalih Cilaku sub district 4 Kelompok Itik Mekartani I Rahong Cilaku sub district 5 Kelompok Itik Mekartani I Rahong Cilaku sub district 6 Kelompok Itik Mandiri Sindangjaya Karangtengah sub district 7 Kelompok Itik Papit Babakan Caringin Karangtengah sub district The map of Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan of Cianjur district location and poultry shop can be seen in Figure / Bandung District Bandung district is one of animal farming centers in West Java province, both for large ruminant as well as poultry. Data of large ruminant in 2006 showed that the population of cow was 53,202, cattle was 8,582, buffalo was 6,742, horse was 4,924, goat was 60,145 and sheep was 421,142. As for the poultry population data in the same year showed that broiler amounted to 4,574,250 birds, layer amounted to 572,329 birds, kampong chicken was 4,177,909 birds, and duck was 576,967 birds. In order to support the poultry business in this area; there were four poultry shops that took the role in supplying the poultry production means; i.e. Haji Ade in Ranca Panjang village of Majalaya sub district, Cikaro Poultry Shop in Mojokerta of Majalaya sub district, Sukamanah Poultry Shop in Banjaran sub district, and PD. Rahayu located in Rancaekek sub district. The government body that rendered the service in animal farming sector in Bandung district was Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan which was address at Komplek Pemda Kabupaten Bandung Jl. Raya Soreang Km. 17 Soreang Sub district Soreang. The main task of this body; according to the regional law no. 9 of year 2002 is to formulize the technical policy and to implement technical operational activity in sector of animal farming and fishery that covered production, resource management, business promotion, development, dissemination and implementation of Dinas administration. To answer the responsibility of performing the development in animal farming and fishery on 45 sub districts of Bandung then Dinas Peternakan and Perikanan developed its organization structure which included Head of Dinas, administration section, sub Dinas for production, sub Dinas for resource management, sub Dinas for business promotion, sub Dinas for development and dissemination, and a regional technical unit implementer (UPTD) covering animal slaughterhouse, fish seedling, and cattle breeding. 91 P A G E

97 Figure Map of Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan of Cianjur District Location and Existing Poultry Shop 92 P A G E

98 The facilities this body owned were slaughterhouse (RPH) and poskeswan which were located in Kampung Pasir Jambu of Ciwidey sub district. Unfortunately the condition of this poskeswan was already not functional as expected and it would be moved to Katapang sub district. The available diagnostic equipment included testing kit of avian influenza (AI) for rapid test, microscope, milk quality tester, formalin test for food originated from animal and fish, personal protection equipment (mask, gloves, workwear, goggles, hard head, and boots), disinfectant spraying tool, and automatic syringe (socorex). The number of human resource with civil servant status was 133 persons. But the number of human resource that directly related to the animal farming; in aspects of policy and operational; was only 52 persons. The AI control program had been implemented in phase since 2004; this covered (1) socialization on AI disease to all farmers and broad community regularly since 2004, and (2) vaccination, disinfection by spraying, depopulation, and improvement in biosecurity. The vaccination and disinfection program were implemented especially on sector 4 farms; as for sector 1 and other commercial farms that programs were for the owner of respected farms to take control. The AI disease surveillance was also initiated in 2004; i.e. through activities of monitoring and sample drawing for regular testing. This surveillance program was very much helped by the activity of participatory disease surveillance/pds team and participatory disease response/pdr team since The involvement of private sector in the control and surveillance of AI was also found in Bandung district. In Cipatat sub district, the breeding farm company performed the AI control through regular vaccination to the flock in sector 4 farms in the surrounding area of the company. Also in BBH Ciparay, PT. Medion gave in AI vaccination aid for as many as 10,000 dosages through province Dinas Peternakan. This company also performed socialization to all farmers and broad community and held special short course to team up volunteers as vaccinator for sector 4 farms. Besides the above facts, there were poultry associations found in this area that had taken active participation in AI disease control such as poultry farmer group and PPUI of Bandung district. This group actively involved in socialization and extension activities on AI disease to local community. This involvement of private sector and community in the program of AI control surely helped out Dinas to overcome the shortage in human resource for medic and paramedic personnel. The map of Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan of Bandung district location and existing poultry shops can be seen in Figure P A G E

99 Figure Map of Dinas Perikanan and Peternakan of Bandung District Location and Existing Poultry Shop 94 P A G E