Potato leafroll virus

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1 First... to learn the nature of things NATURAM PRIMUM COGNOSCERE R [Home] [Index Virum ] [ICTVdB Index] [ Character List ] [ Interactive Key ] [ Data Submission] [ ] Description generated automatically from DELTA-format data including sections links in Table of Contents. Description may not cover all sections listed and therefore some links may not be functional at present. ICTVdB version 2 ( ). The taxonomy of version 2 is based on the 6th ICTV Report Potato leafroll virus Table of Contents Taxonomy Original Source and History of Virus Virion Properties Morphology Physicochemical and Physical Properties Nucleic Acid Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Genome Organization and Replication Infectivity Replication Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses Cytopathology Antigenic Properties Serological Relationships Diagnosis Biological Properties Symptoms and Host Range Transmission Geographic Distribution Ecology and Control Diagnostic and Methods Taxonomic Structure General Comments References Data sources and Contributors Related Databases Additional Data Sources and Teaching aids Taxonomy Virus Code Virus Accession number Synonym(s): potato phloem necrosis virus (Quanjer, 1913). Approved acronym: PLRV. Virus infects plants. Description is on taxonomic level of species. Virus is an approved species in the genus. Virus belongs to the genus Luteovirus (VC ).

2 Properties of Virion Virus first reported in Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. From the Netherlands. Reference(s): Quanjer et al. (1916); see Peters (1967). Morphology Virions not enveloped. Nucleocapsids isometric; 24 nm in diameter (Peters, 1967; Takanami and Kubo, 1979a); appear to be angular. Surface capsomer arrangement not obvious. Physicochemical an Physical Properties Buoyant density 1.39 g cm-3 in CsCl (Rowhani and Stace-Smith, 1979); density 1.34 g/cm3 in Cs2SO4 (Thomas, 1984). One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Sedimentation coefficient 115 S. TIP: C (in Physalis floridana sap). LIV: 5-10 days (Murayama and Kojima, 1965). DEP: log10 minus 4. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Nucleic Acid Virions contain 30 % nucleic acid. Virions contain one molecule of linear single stranded RNA. Total genome length is nt. Sequence database accession code(s): A07935 Em(40)_vi:07935 Gb(84)_pat:A07935 Potato leafroll virus DNA for coat protein. 8/93 1,000bp. A07940 Em(40)_vi:A07940 Gb(84)_pat:A07940 Potato leafroll virus DNA for coat protein. 8/93 1,000bp. A07941 Em(40)_vi:A07941 Gb(84)_pat:A07941 Potato leafroll virus DNA for coat protein. 8/93 1,000bp. A07943 Em(40)_vi:A07943 Gb(84)_pat:A07943 Potato leafroll virus DNA for coat protein. 8/93 2,154bp D00336 Em(40)_vi:PLV Potato leafroll virus, 3 end of virus genome. 11/92 141bp. D00436 Em(40)_vi:PLVCP Potato leafroll virus 23K ORF (putative coat protein gene) and 17K ORF. 3/91 693bp. D00530 Em(40)_vi:PLVGR Gb(84)_vi:PLVGR Potato leafroll virus genomic RNA. 10/92 5,987bp. D00733 Em(40)_vi:PLVRA Potato leafroll virus (Australian isolate) genomic RNA, complete sequence. 12/92 5,882bp. D00734 Em(40)_vi:PLVRC Potato leafroll virus (Canadian isolate) genomic RNA, complete sequence. 12/92 5,883bp. D13746 Em(40)_vi:PLV3E Gb(84)_vi:PLV3E Potato leafroll virus, 3 end of virus genome. 12/92 141bp. D13753 Em(40)_vi:PLVCP1 Gb(84)_vi:PLVCP Potato leafroll virus 23K ORF (putative coat protein gene) and 17K ORF. 11/92 693bp. D13953 Em(40)_vi:PLVRA1 Gb(84)_vi:PLVRA Potato leafroll virus (Australian isolate) genomic RNA, complete sequence. 12/92 5,882bp. D13954 Em(40)_vi:PLVRC1 Gb(84)_vi:PLVRC Potato leafroll virus (Canadian isolate) genomic RNA, complete sequence. 12/92 5,883bp. M89926 Em(40)_vi:PLVCOAPRO Gb(84)_vi:PLVCOAPRO Potato leafroll virus coat protein and 17kDa protein RNA, complete cds's. 3/92 1,127bp. S77421 Gb(90)n:S77421 coat protein (potato leaf roll virus PLRV, Cuban isolate, Genomic RNA, 627 nt). 8/95 627bp. X13906 Em(40)_vi:PLRVCOAT Gb(84)_vi:PLRVCOAT Potato leafroll virus coat protein gene. 9/93 627bp. X14600 Em(40)_vi:PLLGRNA Gb(84)_vi:PLLGRNA Potato leafroll virus genomic RNA. 9/93 5,987bp X15501 Em(40)_vi:LUPLRPRM Gb(84)_vi:LUPLRPRM Potato leafroll virus genomic RNA for potential

3 Proteins Lipids promoter. 3/92 119bp. X74789 Gb(84)n:PLVSQRN Potato leafroll virus RNA sequence. 7/94 5,882bp. X77321 Em(40)_vi:PLLVCPG1 Gb(84)_vi:PLLVCPG1 Potato leafroll virus (V) gene for coat protein. 2/94 2,154bp. X77322 Em(40)_vi:PLLVCPG2 Gb(84)_vi:PLLVCPG2 Potato leafroll virus (PLRV-11) gene for coat X77323 Em(40)_vi:PLLVCPG4 Gb(84)_vi:PLLVCPG4 Potato leafroll virus (PLRV-15) gene for coat X77324 Em(40)_vi:PLLVCPG3 Gb(84)_vi:PLLVCPG3 Potato leafroll virus (PLRV-30) gene for coat X77325 Em(40)_vi:PLLVCPG5 Gb(84)_vi:PLLVCPG5 Potato leafroll virus (PLRV-V4) gene for coat X77326 Em(40)_vi:PLLVCPG6 Gb(84)_vi:PLLVCPG6 Potato leafroll virus (PLRV-V31) gene for coat Y07496 Em(40)_vi:PLRVXX Gb(84)_vi:PLRVXX Potato leafroll virus genomic RNA. 9/93 5,882bp. A25478 Em(43)_sy:A25478 Potato leafroll virus DNA from pcpl1 plasmid. 4/95 1,779bp. The largest segment nt. NCBI Taxon ID: Poly A region absent (Mayo et al., 1982). Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions. Is subgenomic mrna (2.66 kb; Barker et al., 1984). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Rowhani and Stace-Smith (1979); Takanami and Kubo (1979b). Virions contain 70 % protein. Two structural virion proteins found. Protein size of the larger Da. Coat protein. Protein size of 2nd largest 7000 Da. A genome-linked protein (VPg). Method of preparation: Rowhani and Stace-Smith (1979). Virus-coded non-structural proteins isolated (Mayo et al. (1982); Mayo and Barker (1984)). Three non-structural proteins found. Protein size of the largest Da (Mayo et al., 1982). Protein size of 2nd largest Da (Mayo et al., 1982). Protein size of 3rd Da (Mayo and Barker, 1984). Virions contain 0 % lipid. Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses. Virions associated with helper virus, but independent from its functions during replication. Cytopathology. Virions found in phloem and companion cells; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Virions found in (Arai et al., 1969; Kojima et al., 1969). Vesicles occur in the cytoplasm attached to the nucleus and fused with the nuclear envelope (Shepardson et al., 1980). Inclusions present in infected cells. Inclusions are crystals in the cytoplasm. They contain virions. Other cellular changes: thickening of walls in primary phloem cells of stems and petioles, and callose accumulated in some sieve tubes of tubers. The presence of callose is the basis of various staining tests (e.g. with 1% Resorcin Blue), used before serological methods were developed (de Bokx, 1967). Antigenic Properties Serological Relationships Virus(es) with serologically related virions: tobacco necrotic dwarf (SDI 1), beet western yellows/beet mild yellowing (SDI 2-4), bean leafroll, subterranean clover red leaf and barley yellow dwarf viruses

4 (Kubo and Takanami, 1978; Roberts et al., 1980; Kubo, 1981; Tamada et al., 1984; Thomas, 1984). Biological Properties Symptoms and Host Range Host of virus belongs to the Domain Eucarya. Host of virus belongs to the Kingdom Plantae. Natural Host Range and Symptoms Symptoms persist. Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum - pallor or reddening of the tip leaves, which roll and become erect. Plants grown from infected tubers are stunted, leaflets upwardly rolled, oldest leaves first. Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena in South America - stunting and marginal yellowing of tip leaves (Rodriguez and Jones, 1978). Lycopersicon esculentum - stunting of plants, marginal yellowing and curling of leaflets, and death of flower buds (Braithwaite and Blake, 1961). Experimental Host Range and Symptoms Several (3-9) families susceptible. Diagnostic, Propagational and Assay Host Range Diagnostic host: susceptible host species and symptoms Datura stramonium - systemic interveinal yellowing. Physalis floridana - systemic interveinal chlorosis, older leaves slightly rolled, plant stunted. Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum - stunted and leaves rolled. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus, Vicia faba. Maintenance and propagation host species: Physalis floridana, Solanum tuberosum. Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants) Physalis floridana (W). Susceptible Hosts Experimentally infected species susceptible to virus: Amaranthus caudatus, or Capsella bursa-pastoris, or Celosia argentea, or Datura stramonium, or Gomphrena globosa, or Lycopersicon esculentum, or Montia perfoliata, or Nicotiana clevelandii, or Physalis floridana, or Solanum tuberosum, or Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena, or Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. Insusceptible Hosts Species inoculated with virus, but tested not to be susceptible: Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, or Brassica oleracea var. capitata, or Pisum sativum, or Raphanus sativus, or Senecio vulgaris, or Vicia faba. Families containing susceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae (3/3), or Cruciferae (1/4), or Portulacaceae (1/1), or Solanaceae (7/7).

5 Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae (1/1), or Cruciferae (3/4), or Leguminosae- Papilionoideae (2/2). Sources of host-range data: Natti et al. (1953); Thomas (1984); Tamada et al. (1984). Transmission Transmitted by a vector. Virus not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen. Transmitted by an insect; Myzus persicae is the most efficient and important; Macrosiphum euphorbiae transmits potato strains less effectively but is a good vector of Australian tomato yellow top isolates; Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector (although Weidemann (1982) found that virion antigen accumulates in the nuclei of cells of the midgut and principal salivary glands of Myzus persicae 1-2 days after virus acquisition and suggested that the virus multiplies in these cells). Geographic Distribution Probably distributed world-wide (in potato growing areas. Tomato yellow top diseases are reported from North America (Alstatt and Ivanoff, 1945), South America (Costa, 1949) and Australasia (Sutton, 1955), but not all have been shown to be caused by strains of potato leafroll virus). Spreads in China. Diagnostic and Methods Leaf sap contains few virions. Method: Takanami and Kubo (1979a). Taxonomic Structure References Taxonomic structure of the species. Strains: tobacco yellow top virus, tomato yellow top strain (Sutton, 1955; Thomas, 1984), capsicum yellows virus (Gunn and Pares, 1990). Altstatt, G.E. and Ivanoff, S.S. (1945). Pl. Dis. Reptr 29: 29. Arai, K., Doi, Y., Yora, K. and Asuyama, H. (1969). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 35: 10. Barker, H., Mayo, MA and Robinson, D.J. (1984). Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1983, p Braithwaite, B.M. and Blake, C.D. (1961). Aust. J. agric. Res. 12: Casper, R. (1977). Phytopath. Z. 90: 364. Clarke, R.G., Converse, RH and Kojima, M. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 43. Costa, AS. (1949). Biologico 15: 79. de Bokx, J.A. (1967). Eur. Potato J. 10: 221. Gugerli, P. (1979). Phytopath. Z. 96: 97. Gunn, L.V. and Pares, R.D. (1990). J. Phytopath. 129: 210. Harrison, BD (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 291, 4 pp. Kojima, M., Shikata, E., Sugawara, M. and Murayama, D. (1969). Virology 39: 162. Kubo, S. (1981). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 234, 4 pp. Kubo, S. and Takanami, Y. (1978). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 44: 398. Maat, D.Z. and de Bokx, J.A. (1978). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 84: 149. Mayo, MA and Barker, H. (1983). J. gen. Virol. 64: 1775.

6 Mayo, MA and Barker, H. (1984). Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1983, p Mayo, MA, Barker, H., Robinson, D.J., Tamada, T. and Harrison, BD (1982). J. gen. Virol. 59: 163. Mayo, MA, Robinson, D.J., Jolly, CA and Hyman, L. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: Mehrad, M., Lapierre, H. and Maury, Y. (1978). C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris D 286: Murayama, D. and Kojima, M. (1965). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 30: 209. Natti, J.J., Kirkpatrick, H.C. and Ross, AF (1953). Am. Potato J. 30: 55. Peters, D. (1967). Virology 31: 46. Peters, D. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 36, 3 pp. Prufer, D., Tacke, E., Schmitz, J., Kull, B., Kaufmann, A and Rhodhe, W. (1992). EMBO J. 11: Quanjer, H.M. (1916). Meded. Landb. Wageningen 6: 41. Quanjer, H.M., van der Lek, H.AA and Oortwijn Botjes, J. (1913). Meded. Landb. Wageningen 10: 1. Roberts, I.M. and Harrison, BD (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 93: 289. Roberts, I.M., Tamada, T. and Harrison, BD (1980). J. gen. Virol. 47: 209. Rodriguez, A and Jones, R.A.C. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 39. Rowhani, A and Stace-Smith, R. (1979). Virology 98: 45. Shepardson, S., Esau, K. and McCrum, R. (1980). Virology 105: 379. Sutton, W.S. (1955). Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 66: 655. Takanami, T. and Kubo, S. (1979a). J. gen. Virol. 44: 153. Takanami, T. and Kubo, S. (1979b). J. gen. Virol. 44: 853. Tamada, T. and Harrison, BD (1980a). Ann. appl. Biol. 95: 209. Tamada, T. and Harrison, BD (1980b). Ann. appl. Biol. 96: 67. Tamada, T. and Harrison, BD (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 98: 261. Tamada, T., Harrison, BD and Roberts, I.M. (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 104: 107. Thomas, JE (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 104: 79. Van Balen, E. (1982). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 88: 33. Weidemann, H.L. (1982). Z. angew. Ent. 94: 321. Data sources and contributors. Presented data have been collated for the plant virus database VIDEdB by JE Thomas, Description generated automatically from DELTA-format data. Author of this webpage: C. Büchen-Osmond Developer of the software to create this webpage: M. J. Dallwitz ICTV and DELTA related References

7 Note:The ICTV database is under development and is subject to changes and corrections. If you have questions about this project please contact us. Your comments and help will be appreciated. 1995, 1996,1997,1998 Cornelia Büchen-Osmond. All rights reserved. Created: April 1995 Last updated: 8 April 1998.

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