State top 100 notes-modern History WW1

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1 HSC Modern History Year 2016 Mark Pages 27 Published Jan 24, 2017 State top 100 notes-modern History WW1 By Annabelle (99.2 ATAR)

2 Powered by TCPDF ( Your notes author, Annabelle. Annabelle achieved an ATAR of 99.2 in 2016 while attending Central Coast Grammar School Currently studying Law and International Security Studies at The Australian National University Achievements: ATAR All Rounders HSC List School Captain Band 6 Modern History (top 100 state rank) Band 6 Ext 1 English National Debater/Public Speaker Band 6 Chemistry Band 6 Ext 1 Mathematics Annabelle says: Hi, my name is Annabelle and I completed my HSC in My final year of school was certainly a hard one, as I was working extremely hard to try and attain an ATAR high enough to study law after school. I was successful in this, getting an ATAR of 99.20, and also being on the All-Rounders list, after gaining a band 6 mark in all 12 units of my study. Although in year 12 you have to work hard, don't forget about enjoying yourself. As someone who is passionate about exercise and the outdoors, I spent a lot of my downtime at the beach and in the sun. My hobbies include surfing, debating and public speaking, as well as baking and hanging out with friends. I take a lot of pride in my notes as they are highly detailed, yet summarised enough so they do not have superfluous information that you really don't need. Best of luck in your studies, and I hope my notes help!

3 Modern History- WW Reasons for Stalemate on the Western Front Failure of the Schlieffen Plan What was the Plan? Pre-emptive plan against France and Russia formed in 1905 to counteract encirclement 48 divisions on the border Hammer swing through Netherland, Belgium and France in a rapid 6 week period Moltke s Modifications (1911) Altered hammerswing to a bottleneck through Belgium Raised to 78 divisions on border Reasons for Failure Moltke s modifications: Race to the Sea Weakened hammerswing More divisions on border and diversion through Antwerp weakened strength of military thrust Diversion from Paris caused German to meet French lines at battle of the Marne Occurred following losses at Battle of the Marne, from September-November 1914 Involved a series of outflanking movements, building a trench system from Antwerp Ports to the border of Switzerland, defining the limited mobility of war hence stalemate Ultimately resulted in the death of 400,000 German, and 430,000 allied troops Emphasised the outcome of a war of attrition (based on logistic supplies) 1.2- the nature of trench warfare and lifestyle Sickness and Disease

4 Trench Fever 1/5-1/3 of all disease in British troops Caused by bacteria in stomach of lice Symptoms- severe headaches, sore muscles, eye pain, fever Trench Mouth Severe gum infection Due to poor oral hygiene, poor nutrition and high stress Trench Foot Infection caused by cold, wet and insanitary conditions Waterlogged socks became breeding ground for fungi and bacteria 20,000 British troops treated from Lice/Rats Lice embedded in uniforms causing constant scratching Fed 12 times a day by holding onto clothing fibres with their six feet - Winter Rats the size of small dog fed on dead, sleeping and wounded, spreading disease Psychology Incessant fear of artillery barrage Exposure to dead and ill Resulted in shell shock, depression, anxiety It was recognised that all soldiers have a breaking point - A Hurst Weather Cold, muddy, wet Exposure to cold resulted in death Frostbite Muddy corpse-filled swamp -Laffin Nature of Warfare Offensive Artillery barrages of 100 shells per target Troops move over top

5 Powered by TCPDF ( Heavy artillery and machine guns prevented attack Attrition Warfare Outlasting/exhausting the opposing side mentally and physically Trenches strengthened with wood, sand, concrete and steel Trenches lined with several km of barbed wire Trenches defended by machine guns Both sides unprepared logistically to break stalemate Weapons Rifle m range Used to kill on mass 15 rounds/min Grenades and Mortars Portable Short range Attacks on close targets Cheap highly inefficient Aircraft Used from 1916 for reconnaissance Barely used in combat Germans more successful in use, shooting down over 80 allied planes Gas Chlorine and mustard in 1915