1. The girl kissed grandmother. (active)

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1 20-29,2,,2003- ", 20 " (9;9-7;6 ) '-' - ", " " SVO (OVS OSV ) " " (,) ",,,,", " " (, ) Wh, : (" "" ) (1968) Schmitt,(1967) Turner & Rommetveit,(1973) Power & Quigley Quigley, Wilbur,(1983) Wilbur, Goodhart & Montandon,(1978) Geers & Moog Wh " (1994) de Villiers, de Villiers & Hoban,(1974) & Montanelli (1988) de Villiers,(1988) Berent,(1974) Quigley, Smith & Wilbur,, (2-4 )

2 2 1 The girl kissed grandmother (active) 2 Grandmother was kissed by the girl (passive) 3 Who did the girl kiss? (Wh question) 4 This is the grandmother that the girl kissed (object relative) : () 1 () 2 (Wh )? " 3 ( ") " 4,),1-4, ( ) (,(V ) "",,(),W,( ) X 2-4 X " ( ) " "" ( " WH,), (,) (trace) ""? " ) "" (co-reference) - "" (, "",, (antecedent,) "" X "" "" :,,(5) " " (6) " " " ( ) " : (5) : " : (6)

3 3,6, "" " [[\ " " ", --," (6 " ") " "" ) ( ", " ) ( " ) ( ", (" " "-," " "), ",X ", ' (Friedmann & Novogrodsky,2003),," 9;9 7;6 9 11, - 20 (8;9 ), " " _ " :,,(6;1 ) 6;5 5; " (6;4 ) 7;3 6;

4 4 ", " " " " " 1 " " 2 X (OVS,OSV) ", 3 (SVO) ) " " ( 1 :(2002, ) -" (1 )," 20, 60,, 20 " X,, ( ) ( ) ( ), " (8) ",(7) SVO :" (9) (7) " (8) " (9)

5 5-1 1 " 1 " " SVO, SVO ( ) " 2 t,(t (19) = 617, p < 0001) " " t (19) = 589, p < ) SVO " t ) SVO " (0001 ((19) = 270, p = 78 " t (28) ) t " " : (= 26, p = 007 (t (28) = 14, p = 17) SVO (t (28) = 096, p =34 ) "

6 6 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% SVO 50% 2 " SVO ", :" 1 " ",(11) W V : OSV,(10) SVO (12) V W :, OVS (10) " (11) " (12) - 2, " OVS OSV, OVS SVO 3 OSV t,(t (19) = 458, p < 0001) SVO OVS

7 7 (t (19) = 212, p = 04) SVO OSV (t(19) = 42, p = 0004) OSV OVS t OVS OSV (t (38) = 373, p < 0003) (t (38) = 32, p = 75) " " " " " " " " " " " ", OSV " 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% OVS OSV SVO 50% 3 SVO, OSV 20 9 OVS

8 8 3 ( ) (13) " : (13) "? " :, 15, 45,, X " V " b,x X 3-, " 2-1-,) (,(14) " :" ",(15) (16) " (14) " (15) " (16) - 3 : ",,, " ", ", " t t ) " " " ((17) = 563, p < 0001 " (t (17) = 65, p < 0001) (t (17) = 563, p < 0001) t (t (36) = 153, p = 07) ", " ",

9 9, ( " ) _,,," " ", " ( ) " : Phi Coefficient of Association " (phi = 36, p = 15) ", ( X ) Point Biserial, 50% - ( ", ) (t (18) = Rpb = 045 ( ),, 216, p = 04) ", 8- " 1;9 8 Phi 8, (phi = 76, p = 002) #$ (Rpb = 063) 8? " V X (McAnally, Rose & Quigley, 1987) "

10 10 X X " (McAnally, Rose & Quigley, 1987) " V OVS ", ( ) " V X " '-' " - (" "" ) " (" " [" ) OVS, : " 6 " ) " (" " ", ', -," X,, " " ", "," ", 90- X " ) 6,1998a Yoshinaga-Itano & Apuzzo ) ( (2000 Calderon & Naidu,1998b Yoshinaga-Itano & Apuzzo ", X

11 11, " ) ( 1;9 :,, X, " ( ), " 20 11,, ",,,,,,, X " " ",2001 Ebbels & Van der Lely : SLI ) (1996 Thompson, Shapiro, Tait, Jacobs & Schneider :

12 12, : ",,, X () " " " - Berent, G P (1988) An assessment of syntactic capabilities In M Strong (Ed), Language Learning and Deafness, pp Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Calderon, R, & Naidu, S (2000) Further support for the benefits of early identification and intervention for children with hearing loss The Volta Review, 100, De Villiers, P A (1988) Assessing English syntax in hearing-impaired children: elicited production in pragmatically motivated situations In R R Kretchmer, & L W Kretchmer, (Eds), Communication Assessment of Hearing-Impaired Children: From Conversation to Classroom De Villiers, J, de Villiers P, & Hoban, E (1994) The central problem of functional categories in English syntax of oral deaf children In H Tager Flusberg (Ed), Constraints on Language Acquisition: Studies of Atypical Children, pp 9-47 Ebbels, S, & Van der Lely, H (2001) Meta-syntactic therapy using visual coding for children with severe persistent SLI International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 36(S), Friedmann, N, & Novogrodsky, R (2003) The acquisition of Relative clause comprehension in Hebrew: A study of SLI and normal development Manuscript submitted for publication Geers, A E, & Moog, J S (1978) Syntactic maturity of spontaneous speech and elicited imitation of hearing-impaired children Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 43, McAnally, P L, Rose, S, & Quigley, SP (1987) Language Learning Practices with Deaf Children Boston: College-Hill Power, D J, & Quigley, S P (1973) Deaf children acquisition of the passive voice Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 16, 5-11 Quigley, S P, Smith, N L, & Wilbur, R B (1974) Comprehension of relativized sentences by deaf students Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 17, Quigley, S P, Wilbur, R B, & Montanelli, D S (1974) Question formation in the language of deaf students Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 17, Thompson, C K, Shapiro, L P, Tait, M E, Jacobs, BJ, & Schneider, S L (1996) Training Wh-question production in agrammatic aphasia: analysis of argument and adjunct movement Brain and Language, 52, Wilbur, R, Goodhart, W, & Montandon, U (1983) Comprehension of nine syntactic structures by hearing impaired students The Volta Review, 85, Yoshinaga-Itano C, & Apuzzo, M L (1998a) Identification of hearing loss after age 18 months is not early enough American Annals of the Deaf, 143, Yoshinaga-Itano C, & Apuzzo, M L (1998b) The development of deaf and hard of hearing children identified early through the high-risk registry American Annals of the Deaf, 143, " (2002),,

.,, ...,,, Schmitt, 1968; )

.,, ...,,, Schmitt, 1968; ) ? 9 ; 7;7 5 & ( ) &? * Schmitt 968; ) ( ) Wh Power & Quigley 97; Quigley Wilbur & Montanelli 97; Quigley Smith & Wilbur 97; (Geers & Moog 978; Berent 988; de Villiers 988; de Villiers de Villiers & Hoban