Cortical Encoding of Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party. Jonathan Z. Simon University of Maryland
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1 Cortical Encoding of Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Jonathan Z. Simon University of Maryland ARO Presidential Symposium, February 2013
2 Introduction Auditory Objects Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Neural Representations of Auditory Objects in Cortex: Decoding Neural Representations of Auditory Objects in Cortex: Encoding
3 Auditory Objects What is an auditory object? perceptual (not neural) construct commonalities with visual objects several potential formal definitions
4 Auditory Object Definition Griffiths & Warren definition: corresponds with something in the sensory world object information separate from information of rest of sensory world abstracted: object information generalized over particular sensory experiences
5 Auditory Objects a few more details punctate or streaming, serial or parallel not quite what in what vs. where
6 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
7 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
8 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
9 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
10 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
11 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
12 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Alex Katz, The Cocktail Party
13 Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Ding & Simon, PNAS (2012)
14 Experiments
15 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) scalp skull B MEG V EEG recording surface orientation of magnetic field Magnetic Dipolar Field Projection CSF tissue current flow Photo by Fritz Goro Direct electrophysiological measurement not hemodynamic real-time No unique solution for distributed source Measures spatially synchronized cortical activity Fine temporal resolution (~ 1 ms) Moderate spatial resolution (~ 1 cm)
16 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) scalp skull B MEG V EEG recording surface orientation of magnetic field Magnetic Dipolar Field Projection CSF tissue current flow Photo by Fritz Goro Direct electrophysiological measurement not hemodynamic real-time No unique solution for distributed source Measures spatially synchronized cortical activity Fine temporal resolution (~ 1 ms) Moderate spatial resolution (~ 1 cm)
17 Phase-Locking in MEG to Slow Temporal Modulations AM at 3 Hz 3 Hz phase-locked response MEG activity is precisely phase-locked to temporal modulations of sound response spectrum (subject R0747) 3 Hz 6 Hz 0 10 Ding & Simon, J Neurophysiol (2009) Wang et al., J Neurophysiol (2012) Frequency (Hz)
18 Phase-Locking in MEG to Slow Temporal Modulations AM at 3 Hz 3 Hz phase-locked response MEG activity is precisely phase-locked to temporal modulations of sound response spectrum (subject R0747) 3 Hz 6 Hz 0 10 Ding & Simon, J Neurophysiol (2009) Wang et al., J Neurophysiol (2012) Frequency (Hz)
19 MEG Responses to Speech Modulations Auditory Model
20 MEG Responses Predicted by STRF Model Ding & Simon, J Neurophysiol (2012) (up to ~10 Hz) Spectro-Temporal Response Function (STRF)
21 Neural Reconstruction of Speech Envelope Speech Envelope Decoder MEG Responses. (up to ~ 10 Hz) stimulus speech envelope reconstructed stimulus speech envelope 2 s Ding & Simon, J Neurophysiol (2012) Zion-Golumbic et al., Neuron (in press) Reconstruction accuracy comparable to single unit & ECoG recordings
22 Neural Reconstruction of Speech Envelope Speech Envelope Decoder MEG Responses. (up to ~ 10 Hz) stimulus speech envelope reconstructed stimulus speech envelope 2 s Ding & Simon, J Neurophysiol (2012) Zion-Golumbic et al., Neuron (in press) Reconstruction accuracy comparable to single unit & ECoG recordings
23 Neural Reconstruction of Speech Envelope Speech Envelope Decoder MEG Responses. (up to ~ 10 Hz) stimulus speech envelope reconstructed stimulus speech envelope 2 s Ding & Simon, J Neurophysiol (2012) Zion-Golumbic et al., Neuron (in press) Reconstruction accuracy comparable to single unit & ECoG recordings
24 Speech Stream as an Auditory Object corresponds with something in the sensory world information separate from information of rest of sensory world e.g. other speech streams or noise abstracted: object information generalized over particular sensory experiences e.g. different sound mixtures
25 Neural Representation of an Auditory Object neural representation is of something in sensory world when other sounds mixed in, neural representation is of auditory object, not entire acoustic scene neural representation invariant under broad changes in specific acoustics
26 Selective Neural Encoding
27 Selective Neural Encoding
28 Selective Neural Encoding
29 Unselective vs. Selective Neural Encoding
30 Stream-Specific Representation representative subject attending to speaker 1 attending to speaker 2 grand average over subjects reconstructed from MEG attended speech envelopes reconstructed from MEG Identical Stimuli!
31 Stream-Specific Representation representative grand average attending to subject over subjects reconstructed from MEG speaker 1 attended speech envelopes attending to speaker 2 reconstructed from MEG Identical Stimuli!
32 Single Trial Speech Reconstruction
33 Single Trial Speech Reconstruction
34 Overall Speech Reconstruction correlation Distinct neural representations for different speech streams 0 attended speech reconstruction attended speech background reconstruction background
35 Invariance Under Acoustic Changes
36 Invariance Under Acoustic Changes
37 Invariance Under Acoustic Changes
38 Invariance Under Acoustic Changes
39 Invariance Under Acoustic Changes
40 Gain-Control Models Stream-Based Gain Control? Object-Based correlation.2.1 attended background Speaker Relative Intensity (db) Stimulus- Based correlation.2.1 attended background Speaker Relative Intensity (db)
41 Gain-Control Models Stream-Based Gain Control? Object-Based correlation.2.1 attended background Neural Results Speaker Relative Intensity (db) correlation.2.1 attended background Stimulus- Based correlation.2.1 attended background Speaker Relative Intensity (db) Speaker Relative Intensity (db)
42 Gain-Control Models Stream-Based Gain Control? Object-Based correlation.2.1 attended background Neural Results Speaker Relative Intensity (db) correlation.2.1 attended background Stimulus- Based correlation.2.1 attended background Speaker Relative Intensity (db) Speaker Relative Intensity (db)
43 Gain-Control Models Stream-Based Gain Control? Object-Based correlation.2.1 attended background Neural Results Speaker Relative Intensity (db) correlation.2.1 attended background Stimulus- Based correlation.2.1 attended background Speaker Relative Intensity (db) Speaker Relative Intensity (db) Stream-based not stimulus-based Neural representation is invariant to acoustic changes.
44 Neural Representation of an Auditory Object neural representation is of something in sensory world when other sounds mixed in, neural representation is of auditory object, not entire acoustic scene neural representation invariant under broad changes in specific acoustics
45 Forward STRF Model Spectro-Temporal Response Function (STRF)
46 Forward STRF Model Spectro-Temporal Response Function (STRF)
47 STRF Results frequency (khz) Attended time (ms) Background time (ms) TRF STRF separable (time, frequency) 300 Hz - 2 khz dominant carriers M50STRF positive peak M100STRF negative peak M100STRF strongly modulated by attention, but not M50STRF unattended attended
48 STRF Results frequency (khz) Attended time (ms) Background time (ms) TRF STRF separable (time, frequency) 300 Hz - 2 khz dominant carriers M50STRF positive peak M100STRF negative peak M100STRF strongly modulated by attention, but not M50STRF unattended attended
49 STRF Results frequency (khz) Attended time (ms) Background time (ms) TRF STRF separable (time, frequency) 300 Hz - 2 khz dominant carriers M50STRF positive peak M100STRF negative peak M100STRF strongly modulated by attention, but not M50STRF unattended attended
50 Neural Sources M100STRF source near (same as?) M100 source: PT anterior Left M50STRF M100STRF Right M50STRF source is anterior and medial to M100 (same as M50?): HG posterior M100 medial 5 mm
51 Cortical Object- Processing Hierarchy Attentional Modulation Influence of Relative Intensity 0 attended background time (ms) time (ms) 8 db 5 db 0 db -5 db -8 db clean M100STRF strongly modulated by attention, but not M50STRF. M100STRF invariant against acoustic changes. Objects well-neurally represented at 100 ms, but not 50 ms.
52 Not Just Speech Competing Tone Streams Tone Stream in Masker Cloud Frequency Frequency Time Time Xiang et al., J Neuroscience (2010) Elhilali et al., PLoS Biology (2009)
53 Tone Stream in Masker Cloud Frequency Time
54 Tone Stream in Masker Cloud Frequency Time
55 Tone Stream in Masker Cloud Frequency Time
56 Tone Stream in Masker Cloud Frequency Time
57 Competing Tone Streams Frequency Time
58 Competing Tone Streams Frequency Time
59 Competing Tone Streams Frequency Time
60 Summary Cortical representations of speech found here: consistent with being neural representations of auditory (perceptual) objects meet 3 formal criteria for auditory objects Object representation fully formed by 100 ms latency (PT), but not by 50 ms (HG) Not special to speech
61 Acknowledgements Grad Students Francisco Cervantes Marisel Villafane Delgado Kim Drnec Krishna Puvvada Past Grad Students Nayef Ahmar Claudia Bonin Maria Chait Nai Ding Victor Grau-Serrat Ling Ma Raul Rodriguez Juanjuan Xiang Kai Sum Li Jiachen Zhuo Undergraduate Students Abdulaziz Al-Turki Nicholas Asendorf Sonja Bohr Elizabeth Camenga Corinne Cameron Julien Dagenais Katya Dombrowski Kevin Kahn Andrea Shome Ben Walsh Collaborators Students Murat Aytekin Julian Jenkins David Klein Huan Luo Collaborators Catherine Carr Alain de Cheveigné Didier Depireux Mounya Elhilali Jonathan Fritz Cindy Moss David Poeppel Shihab Shamma Past Postdocs Dan Hertz Yadong Wang Funding NIH R01 DC #373 Cortical Representations of Music in Human Listeners #889 Cortical Encoding of Speech in Challenging Listening Environments #961 Neural Entrainment to Speech, a Matter of Time or Frequency?
62 Thank You
63 Reconstruction of Same-Sex Speech Correlation Attended Speech Reconstruction Speaker Two Single Trial Decoding Results Attended Speaker One Two attended speech background speech Speaker One
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