Over-representation of speech in older adults originates from early response in higher order auditory cortex
|
|
- Katherine Sharp
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Over-representation of speech in older adults originates from early response in higher order auditory cortex Christian Brodbeck, Alessandro Presacco, Samira Anderson & Jonathan Z. Simon
2 Overview 2 Puzzle Compared to young adults, older adults (60+) exhibit - Impaired auditory temporal processing - More difficulty comprehending speech, especially in challenging circumstances Yet, the speech envelope can be reconstructed more accurately from their cortical responses, recorded with MEG (Presacco et al., 2016)
3 Overview 2 Puzzle Compared to young adults, older adults (60+) exhibit - Impaired auditory temporal processing - More difficulty comprehending speech, especially in challenging circumstances Yet, the speech envelope can be reconstructed more accurately from their cortical responses, recorded with MEG (Presacco et al., 2016) Different possible explanations, for example Low level deficit, e.g. excitation-inhibition imbalance Recruitment of additional top-down resources Increased attention
4 Overview 2 Puzzle Compared to young adults, older adults (60+) exhibit - Impaired auditory temporal processing - More difficulty comprehending speech, especially in challenging circumstances Yet, the speech envelope can be reconstructed more accurately from their cortical responses, recorded with MEG (Presacco et al., 2016) Different possible explanations, for example Low level deficit, e.g. excitation-inhibition imbalance Recruitment of additional top-down resources Increased attention This talk Localize cortical responses to speech of young and older adults - Anatomy: localization in cortex - Time: latency at which information is contained
5 MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) 3 (a) (b) V I II B III IV V VI white matter (Hari & Parkkonen, 2015)
6 MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) 3 (a) (b) B V I II III IV Single trial (pure tone) V VI white matter (Hari & Parkkonen, 2015)
7 MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) 3 (a) (b) B V I II III IV Single trial (pure tone) V VI white matter Average (~100 trials) (Hari & Parkkonen, 2015)
8 Neural source localization 4
9 Neural source localization 4
10 Continuous Speech 5 Sound pressure Frequency (Hz) Time (s)
11 Linear convolution model 6 Convolve ( ) aresponsefunction withasparsesignal Response Stimulus
12 Linear convolution model 6 Convolve ( ) aresponsefunction withasparsesignal Resp. Stim. Response Stimulus The same response function with a more dense signal:...
13 Linear convolution model 7 Stimulus and response are known; find the best response function to produce the response from the stimulus: Response Stimulus
14 Linear convolution model 7 Stimulus and response are known; find the best response function to produce the response from the stimulus: Response Stimulus Estimated response function
15 Linear convolution model Stimulus Stimulus and response are known; find the best response function to produce the response from the stimulus: Response Estimated response function Actual response Predicted response 7
16 Linear convolution model 7 Stimulus and response are known; find the best response function to produce the response from the stimulus: Response Stimulus Actual stimulus Reconstructed stimulus "Decoder"
17 Methods 8 Design 60 s long audiobook excerpts, 3 repetitions each 2 excerpts were clean speech 4 excerpts with second speaker at different signal to noise ratios (SNRs; +3, 0, -3, -6) Participants 17 young adults (aged years) 15 older adults (aged years) - Clinically normal audiogram
18 Reconstructing speech envelope 9
19 Reconstructing speech envelope 9 "Decoder"
20 Decoding speech envelope 10 "Decoder" Older Younger Cortex: older > younger (Presacco, Simon, & Anderson, 2016)
21 Midbrain 11 Midbrain Older listeners have reduced frequency following response (FFR) Increased cortical responses not due to stronger input from midbrain Younger Older Midbrain: younger > older (Presacco, Simon, & Anderson, 2016)
22 Possible explanations 12 Low level change, e.g., excitation/inhibition imbalance Decrease in cortical inhibition could lead to stronger evoked responses - Reduction in inhibitory neurons in A1 (de Villers-Sidani et al., 2010) - Increased firing rates in A1 (Overton & Recanzone, 2016) Prediction: - Even low latency responses show enhancement in older listeners, e.g., 30 ms
23 Possible explanations 12 Low level change, e.g., excitation/inhibition imbalance Decrease in cortical inhibition could lead to stronger evoked responses - Reduction in inhibitory neurons in A1 (de Villers-Sidani et al., 2010) - Increased firing rates in A1 (Overton & Recanzone, 2016) Prediction: - Even low latency responses show enhancement in older listeners, e.g., 30 ms Top-down/strategic processing Higher level processes recruited to compensate for degraded input from the periphery - Recruitment of additional frontal and temporal regions for complex sentences (Peelle et al., 2010) Prediction: - Response enhancement delayed until longer latency responses, e.g., ms
24 Possible explanations 12 Low level change, e.g., excitation/inhibition imbalance Decrease in cortical inhibition could lead to stronger evoked responses - Reduction in inhibitory neurons in A1 (de Villers-Sidani et al., 2010) - Increased firing rates in A1 (Overton & Recanzone, 2016) Prediction: - Even low latency responses show enhancement in older listeners, e.g., 30 ms Top-down/strategic processing Higher level processes recruited to compensate for degraded input from the periphery - Recruitment of additional frontal and temporal regions for complex sentences (Peelle et al., 2010) Prediction: Attention - Response enhancement delayed until longer latency responses, e.g., ms Increased attention associated with stronger responses - Attention increases MEG response amplitudes with similar field topography (Woldorff et al., 1993) Prediction: - Similar spatial distributions of responses, but overall enhancement in older adults - More activity in core auditory areas
25 Encoding model 13
26 Encoding model 13
27 Statistics 14 Evaluate model predictions: Pearson correlation: r(predicted response, measured response) Bias-correction: Compute r of a temporally shuffled model Test for better r of the true model Significance test: Mass-univariate t-test Threshold-free cluster enhancement Max statistic distribution with 10,000 permutations
28 Localization 15 Heschl's gyrus (core auditory cortex) Superior temporal gyrus 0.12 old z(r) 0.00 young
29 Localization 15 Heschl's gyrus (core auditory cortex) Superior temporal gyrus < old.01 p z(r).05 old > young 0.00 young
30 Encoding model 16
31 Temporal response function 17 Temporal response function (TRF) Brain response to an elementary temporal feature in the stimulus Time axis: latency between acoustic feature and brain response TRF amplitude [normalized] * old young Time [ms]
32 Temporal response function 17 Temporal response function (TRF) Brain response to an elementary temporal feature in the stimulus Time axis: latency between acoustic feature and brain response TRF amplitude [normalized] * old young < Time [ms] p.05 old > young, ms
33 Summary 18 Over-representation of speech in older adults originates from early response in higher order auditory cortex Temporal lobe, outside of core auditory cortex Primarily affecting earliest cortical responses ~30 ms response Strategic/top-down processing - Latency too short Attention - Localized outside of core auditory cortex Low level change, e.g., excitation/inhibition imbalance - Short latency - Fast spread to areas outside core auditory cortex
34 Funding 19 NIH Grant P01-AG055365
35 Appendix
36 Mix of 2 speakers 21 ANOVA: Age (2) SNR (4) Main effect of Age old young < p 0.06 z(r) TRF amplitude [normalized] * old young SNR Time [ms]
37 MEG 22 Properties of MEG: Excellent temporal resolution (magnetic fields) Mediocre spatial resolution (inverse problem) - Relatively good estimation of center - Spatial dispersion Simulation (Minimum Norm Estimates): Current estimate
Effects of aging on temporal synchronization of speech in noise investigated in the cortex by using MEG and in the midbrain by using EEG techniques
Hearing Brain Lab Computational Sensorimotor Systems Lab Effects of aging on temporal synchronization of speech in noise investigated in the cortex by using MEG and in the midbrain by using EEG techniques
More informationRobust Neural Encoding of Speech in Human Auditory Cortex
Robust Neural Encoding of Speech in Human Auditory Cortex Nai Ding, Jonathan Z. Simon Electrical Engineering / Biology University of Maryland, College Park Auditory Processing in Natural Scenes How is
More informationNeural Representations of Speech, and Speech in Noise, in Human Auditory Cortex
Neural Representations of Speech, and Speech in Noise, in Human Auditory Cortex Jonathan Z. Simon Department of Biology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University
More informationNeural Representations of Speech at the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex
Neural Representations of Speech at the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex Jonathan Z. Simon Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Biology Institute for Systems Research University
More informationNeural Representations of the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex
Neural Representations of the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex Jonathan Z. Simon Department of Biology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of
More informationNeural Representations of the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex
Neural Representations of the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex Jonathan Z. Simon Department of Biology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of
More informationNeural Representations of the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex
Neural Representations of the Cocktail Party in Human Auditory Cortex Jonathan Z. Simon Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Biology Institute for Systems Research University of
More informationCortical Encoding of Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party. Jonathan Z. Simon University of Maryland
Cortical Encoding of Auditory Objects at the Cocktail Party Jonathan Z. Simon University of Maryland ARO Presidential Symposium, February 2013 Introduction Auditory Objects Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
More informationEffect of informational content of noise on speech representation in the aging midbrain and cortex
J Neurophysiol 116: 2356 2367, 2016. First published September 7, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00373.2016. Effect of informational content of noise on speech representation in the aging midbrain and cortex Alessandro
More informationFINE-TUNING THE AUDITORY SUBCORTEX Measuring processing dynamics along the auditory hierarchy. Christopher Slugocki (Widex ORCA) WAS 5.3.
FINE-TUNING THE AUDITORY SUBCORTEX Measuring processing dynamics along the auditory hierarchy. Christopher Slugocki (Widex ORCA) WAS 5.3.2017 AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION /pi//k/ /pi//t/
More informationNeural Representations of Speech in Human Auditory Cortex
Neural Representations of Speech in Human Auditory Cortex Jonathan Z. Simon Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Biology Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland http://www.isr.umd.edu/labs/cssl/simonlab
More informationSpectro-temporal response fields in the inferior colliculus of awake monkey
3.6.QH Spectro-temporal response fields in the inferior colliculus of awake monkey Versnel, Huib; Zwiers, Marcel; Van Opstal, John Department of Biophysics University of Nijmegen Geert Grooteplein 655
More informationCortical Encoding of Auditory Objects in the Cocktail Party Problem. Jonathan Z. Simon University of Maryland
Cortical Encoding of Auditory Objects in the Cocktail Party Problem Jonathan Z. Simon University of Maryland Introduction Auditory Objects Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Decoding Neural Signals/Encoding
More information10/15/2016. Hearing loss. Aging. Cognition. Aging, Cognition, and Hearing Loss: Clinical Implications
Aging, Cognition, and Loss: Clinical Implications Samira Anderson, Au.D., Ph.D. MAC Conference 2016 1 Aging loss Cognition Frank Lin, M.D., Ph.D., Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging 2 Cognitive ability
More informationThe neurolinguistic toolbox Jonathan R. Brennan. Introduction to Neurolinguistics, LSA2017 1
The neurolinguistic toolbox Jonathan R. Brennan Introduction to Neurolinguistics, LSA2017 1 Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics Happy Hour!!! Tuesdays 7/11, 7/18, 7/25 5:30-6:30 PM @ the Boone Center
More informationThe role of amplitude, phase, and rhythmicity of neural oscillations in top-down control of cognition
The role of amplitude, phase, and rhythmicity of neural oscillations in top-down control of cognition Chair: Jason Samaha, University of Wisconsin-Madison Co-Chair: Ali Mazaheri, University of Birmingham
More informationAnalysis of in-vivo extracellular recordings. Ryan Morrill Bootcamp 9/10/2014
Analysis of in-vivo extracellular recordings Ryan Morrill Bootcamp 9/10/2014 Goals for the lecture Be able to: Conceptually understand some of the analysis and jargon encountered in a typical (sensory)
More informationAuditory System & Hearing
Auditory System & Hearing Chapters 9 part II Lecture 16 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2019 1 Phase locking: Firing locked to period of a sound wave example of a temporal
More informationEarly Occurrence Of Auditory Change Detection In The Human Brain
Early Occurrence Of Auditory Change Detection In The Human Brain SABINE GRIMM University of Leipzig, Germany (formerly University of Barcelona, Spain) ICON, Brisbane, July 28 th, 2014 Auditory deviance
More informationRepresentation of sound in the auditory nerve
Representation of sound in the auditory nerve Eric D. Young Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Young, ED. Neural representation of spectral and temporal information in speech.
More informationHCS 7367 Speech Perception
Long-term spectrum of speech HCS 7367 Speech Perception Connected speech Absolute threshold Males Dr. Peter Assmann Fall 212 Females Long-term spectrum of speech Vowels Males Females 2) Absolute threshold
More informationAUDL GS08/GAV1 Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear. Pitch & Binaural listening
AUDL GS08/GAV1 Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear Pitch & Binaural listening Review 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 100 1000 10000 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 100 1000 10000 Part I: Auditory frequency selectivity Tuning
More informationINVESTIGATION OF PERCEPTION AT INFRASOUND FRE- QUENCIES BY FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IM- AGING (FMRI) AND MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (MEG)
INVESTIGATION OF PERCEPTION AT INFRASOUND FRE- QUENCIES BY FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IM- AGING (FMRI) AND MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (MEG) Martin Bauer, Tilmann Sander-Thömmes, Albrecht Ihlenfeld Physikalisch-Technische
More informationThe functional importance of age-related differences in temporal processing
Kathy Pichora-Fuller The functional importance of age-related differences in temporal processing Professor, Psychology, University of Toronto Adjunct Scientist, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University
More informationHearing Lectures. Acoustics of Speech and Hearing. Auditory Lighthouse. Facts about Timbre. Analysis of Complex Sounds
Hearing Lectures Acoustics of Speech and Hearing Week 2-10 Hearing 3: Auditory Filtering 1. Loudness of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more) 2. Pitch of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more)
More informationUsing MEG to map the auditory cortex. Jonathan Côté PhD Candidate in Etienne de Villers-Sidani s laboratory
Using MEG to map the auditory cortex Jonathan Côté PhD Candidate in Etienne de Villers-Sidani s laboratory Sensory representations organization Sensory representations organization Organized map for most
More informationAn Auditory-Model-Based Electrical Stimulation Strategy Incorporating Tonal Information for Cochlear Implant
Annual Progress Report An Auditory-Model-Based Electrical Stimulation Strategy Incorporating Tonal Information for Cochlear Implant Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering Mar.7, 26 Types of Hearing
More informationThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
More informationChapter 5. Summary and Conclusions! 131
! Chapter 5 Summary and Conclusions! 131 Chapter 5!!!! Summary of the main findings The present thesis investigated the sensory representation of natural sounds in the human auditory cortex. Specifically,
More informationRecovery mechanisms from aphasia
Recovery mechanisms from aphasia Dr. Michal Ben-Shachar 977 Acquired language and reading impairments 1 Research questions Which brain systems can support recovery from aphasia? Which compensatory route
More informationDoes Wernicke's Aphasia necessitate pure word deafness? Or the other way around? Or can they be independent? Or is that completely uncertain yet?
Does Wernicke's Aphasia necessitate pure word deafness? Or the other way around? Or can they be independent? Or is that completely uncertain yet? Two types of AVA: 1. Deficit at the prephonemic level and
More informationStructure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (Fall 2014) Auditory Cortex (3) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang
580.626 Structure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (Fall 2014) Auditory Cortex (3) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns
More informationMULTI-CHANNEL COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION Research on the Deaf Brain is beginning to provide a new evidence base for policy and practice in relation to intervention with deaf children. This talk outlines the multi-channel nature of
More informationIntroduction to Computational Neuroscience
Introduction to Computational Neuroscience Lecture 10: Brain-Computer Interfaces Ilya Kuzovkin So Far Stimulus So Far So Far Stimulus What are the neuroimaging techniques you know about? Stimulus So Far
More informationReport. Direct Recordings of Pitch Responses from Human Auditory Cortex
Current Biology 0,, June, 00 ª00 Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY license. DOI 0.0/j.cub.00.0.0 Direct Recordings of Pitch Responses from Human Auditory Cortex Report Timothy D. Griffiths,, * Sukhbinder
More informationAuditory System & Hearing
Auditory System & Hearing Chapters 9 and 10 Lecture 17 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2015 1 Cochlea: physical device tuned to frequency! place code: tuning of different
More informationDefine functional MRI. Briefly describe fmri image acquisition. Discuss relative functional neuroanatomy. Review clinical applications.
Dr. Peter J. Fiester November 14, 2012 Define functional MRI. Briefly describe fmri image acquisition. Discuss relative functional neuroanatomy. Review clinical applications. Briefly discuss a few examples
More informationNeurobiology of Hearing (Salamanca, 2012) Auditory Cortex (2) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang
Neurobiology of Hearing (Salamanca, 2012) Auditory Cortex (2) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University web1.johnshopkins.edu/xwang
More informationCompeting Streams at the Cocktail Party
Competing Streams at the Cocktail Party A Neural and Behavioral Study of Auditory Attention Jonathan Z. Simon Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences / Biology / Electrical & Computer Engineering University
More informationEffects of Amplification on Neural Phase Locking, Amplitude, and Latency to a Speech Syllable
Effects of Amplification on Neural Phase Locking, Amplitude, and Latency to a Speech Syllable Kimberly A. Jenkins, 1 Calli Fodor, 1 Alessandro Presacco, 1,2 and Samira Anderson 1,2 Objective: Older adults
More informationThe role of periodicity in the perception of masked speech with simulated and real cochlear implants
The role of periodicity in the perception of masked speech with simulated and real cochlear implants Kurt Steinmetzger and Stuart Rosen UCL Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences Heidelberg, 09. November
More informationEntrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection: intracranial human recordings
Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection: intracranial human recordings J. Besle, P. Lakatos, C.A. Schevon, R.R. Goodman, G.M. McKhann, A. Mehta, R.G. Emerson, C.E.
More informationAcoustics, signals & systems for audiology. Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment
Acoustics, signals & systems for audiology Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment Three main types of hearing impairment Conductive Sound is not properly transmitted from the outer to the inner ear Sensorineural
More informationAn Update on Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder in Children
An Update on Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder in Children Gary Rance PhD The University of Melbourne Sound Foundations Through Early Amplification Meeting, Chicago, Dec 2013 Overview Auditory neuropathy
More informationTHRESHOLD PREDICTION USING THE ASSR AND THE TONE BURST CONFIGURATIONS
THRESHOLD PREDICTION USING THE ASSR AND THE TONE BURST ABR IN DIFFERENT AUDIOMETRIC CONFIGURATIONS INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Evoked potential testing is critical in the determination of audiologic thresholds
More informationLateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) What happens beyond the retina? What happens in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)- 90% flow Visual cortex Information Flow Superior colliculus 10% flow Slide 2 Information
More informationBinaural Hearing. Why two ears? Definitions
Binaural Hearing Why two ears? Locating sounds in space: acuity is poorer than in vision by up to two orders of magnitude, but extends in all directions. Role in alerting and orienting? Separating sound
More informationFrequency refers to how often something happens. Period refers to the time it takes something to happen.
Lecture 2 Properties of Waves Frequency and period are distinctly different, yet related, quantities. Frequency refers to how often something happens. Period refers to the time it takes something to happen.
More informationClusters, Symbols and Cortical Topography
Clusters, Symbols and Cortical Topography Lee Newman Thad Polk Dept. of Psychology Dept. Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan 26th Soar Workshop May 26, 2006 Ann Arbor, MI agenda
More informationSum of Neurally Distinct Stimulus- and Task-Related Components.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL for Cardoso et al. 22 The Neuroimaging Signal is a Linear Sum of Neurally Distinct Stimulus- and Task-Related Components. : Appendix: Homogeneous Linear ( Null ) and Modified Linear
More informationHearing Research 289 (2012) 1e12. Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Hearing Research
Hearing Research 289 (2012) 1e12 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Hearing Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/heares Research paper Speech discrimination after early exposure
More informationSupplemental Information: Adaptation can explain evidence for encoding of probabilistic. information in macaque inferior temporal cortex
Supplemental Information: Adaptation can explain evidence for encoding of probabilistic information in macaque inferior temporal cortex Kasper Vinken and Rufin Vogels Supplemental Experimental Procedures
More informationAuditory Perception: Sense of Sound /785 Spring 2017
Auditory Perception: Sense of Sound 85-385/785 Spring 2017 Professor: Laurie Heller Classroom: Baker Hall 342F (sometimes Cluster 332P) Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 1:30-2:50 Office hour: Thursday 3:00-4:00,
More informationRhythm and Rate: Perception and Physiology HST November Jennifer Melcher
Rhythm and Rate: Perception and Physiology HST 722 - November 27 Jennifer Melcher Forward suppression of unit activity in auditory cortex Brosch and Schreiner (1997) J Neurophysiol 77: 923-943. Forward
More informationIssues faced by people with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Issues faced by people with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss Issues faced by people with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss 1. Decreased Audibility 2. Decreased Dynamic Range 3. Decreased Frequency Resolution 4.
More information3/1/18. Overview of the Talk. Important Aspects of Neuroimaging Technology
3/1/18 Considerations for the Use of Neuroimaging for Predicting Recovery of Speech and Language in Aphasia Linda I. Shuster, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Overview of the Talk Important aspects of neuroimaging technology
More informationTitle:Atypical language organization in temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by a passive semantic paradigm
Author's response to reviews Title:Atypical language organization in temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by a passive semantic paradigm Authors: Julia Miro (juliamirollado@gmail.com) Pablo Ripollès (pablo.ripolles.vidal@gmail.com)
More informationMechanisms Underlying Selective Neuronal Tracking of Attended Speech at a Cocktail Party
Article Mechanisms Underlying Selective Neuronal Tracking of Attended Speech at a Cocktail Party Elana M. Zion Golumbic, 1,4 Nai Ding, 5,6 Stephan Bickel, 7,8 Peter Lakatos, 4 Catherine A. Schevon, 2 Guy
More informationAging and Hearing Loss: Why does it Matter?
Aging and Hearing Loss: Why does it Matter? Kathy Pichora-Fuller Professor, Psychology, University of Toronto Adjunct Scientist, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network Adjunct Scientist,
More informationIntroduction to TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Introduction to TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Lisa Koski, PhD, Clin Psy TMS Neurorehabilitation Lab Royal Victoria Hospital 2009-12-14 BIC Seminar, MNI Overview History, basic principles, instrumentation
More informationInfant Hearing Development: Translating Research Findings into Clinical Practice. Auditory Development. Overview
Infant Hearing Development: Translating Research Findings into Clinical Practice Lori J. Leibold Department of Allied Health Sciences The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Auditory Development
More informationAging & Making Sense of Sound
Aging & Making Sense of Sound Nina Kraus, Ph.D. www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu Disclosures Current funding: NIH, Dana Foundation, Med-EL, NAMM Other financial relationships: Equity in Synaural, Inc.,
More informationBOLD signal dependence on blood flow and metabolism. Outline
BOLD signal dependence on blood flow and metabolism R. Hoge, MGH NMR Center Outline physiological events accompanying neuronal activation factors affecting BOLD signal sensitivity BOLD response dynamics
More informationSound localization psychophysics
Sound localization psychophysics Eric Young A good reference: B.C.J. Moore An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing Chapter 7, Space Perception. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 233-267 (2004). Sound localization:
More informationLanguage Speech. Speech is the preferred modality for language.
Language Speech Speech is the preferred modality for language. Outer ear Collects sound waves. The configuration of the outer ear serves to amplify sound, particularly at 2000-5000 Hz, a frequency range
More informationChapter 40 Effects of Peripheral Tuning on the Auditory Nerve s Representation of Speech Envelope and Temporal Fine Structure Cues
Chapter 40 Effects of Peripheral Tuning on the Auditory Nerve s Representation of Speech Envelope and Temporal Fine Structure Cues Rasha A. Ibrahim and Ian C. Bruce Abstract A number of studies have explored
More informationAdaptive Training Diminishes Distractibility in Aging across Species
Article Adaptive Training Diminishes Distractibility in Aging across Species Jyoti Mishra, 1, * Etienne de Villers-Sidani, 2 Michael Merzenich, 3 and Adam Gazzaley 1,3, * 1 Department of Neurology, Physiology
More informationCS/NEUR125 Brains, Minds, and Machines. Due: Friday, April 14
CS/NEUR125 Brains, Minds, and Machines Assignment 5: Neural mechanisms of object-based attention Due: Friday, April 14 This Assignment is a guided reading of the 2014 paper, Neural Mechanisms of Object-Based
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
8w Pia II/III IV V VI PV EYFP EYFP PV EYFP PV d PV EYFP Supplementary Figure a Spike probability x - PV-Cre d Spike probability x - RS RS b e Spike probability Spike probability.6......8..... FS FS c f
More informationSound Localization PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 31. Audition
Sound Localization PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 31 Physics and psychology. Audition We now have some idea of how sound properties are recorded by the auditory system So, we know what kind of information
More informationLATERAL INHIBITION MECHANISM IN COMPUTATIONAL AUDITORY MODEL AND IT'S APPLICATION IN ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION
LATERAL INHIBITION MECHANISM IN COMPUTATIONAL AUDITORY MODEL AND IT'S APPLICATION IN ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION Lu Xugang Li Gang Wang Lip0 Nanyang Technological University, School of EEE, Workstation Resource
More informationPHGY 210,2,4 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY. Martin Paré
PHGY 210,2,4 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Martin Paré Associate Professor of Physiology & Psychology pare@biomed.queensu.ca http://brain.phgy.queensu.ca/pare PHGY 210,2,4 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
More informationDisorders affecting region: depression anxiety
Amygdala Involved in learning, and the processing of emotional memories. Measures sensory input for potential threat level, then hypothalamus Regulates volatile emotions like fear and anger. Disorders
More informationStuttering Research. Vincent Gracco, PhD Haskins Laboratories
Stuttering Research Vincent Gracco, PhD Haskins Laboratories Stuttering Developmental disorder occurs in 5% of children Spontaneous remission in approximately 70% of cases Approximately 1% of adults with
More informationUSING AUDITORY SALIENCY TO UNDERSTAND COMPLEX AUDITORY SCENES
USING AUDITORY SALIENCY TO UNDERSTAND COMPLEX AUDITORY SCENES Varinthira Duangudom and David V Anderson School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
More informationEncoding of Temporal Information by Timing, Rate, and Place in Cat Auditory Cortex
Encoding of Temporal Information by Timing, Rate, and Place in Cat Auditory Cortex Kazuo Imaizumi 1,2 *, Nicholas J. Priebe 3, Tatyana O. Sharpee 4,5, Steven W. Cheung 1, Christoph E. Schreiner 1,4 * 1
More informationLeft-hemisphere dominance for processing of vowels: a whole-scalp neuromagnetic study
Auditory and Vestibular Systems 10, 2987±2991 (1999) BRAIN activation of 11 healthy right-handed subjects was studied with magnetoencephalography to estimate individual hemispheric dominance for speech
More informationBinaural Hearing. Steve Colburn Boston University
Binaural Hearing Steve Colburn Boston University Outline Why do we (and many other animals) have two ears? What are the major advantages? What is the observed behavior? How do we accomplish this physiologically?
More informationHomework Week 2. PreLab 2 HW #2 Synapses (Page 1 in the HW Section)
Homework Week 2 Due in Lab PreLab 2 HW #2 Synapses (Page 1 in the HW Section) Reminders No class next Monday Quiz 1 is @ 5:30pm on Tuesday, 1/22/13 Study guide posted under Study Aids section of website
More informationThe PATH AEP technology
The PATH AEP technology Dr.-Ing. Andre Lodwig - PATH Medical GmbH - Version 1, 2016-10-17 Recording AEP Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are electrical responses with very small voltages that can be recorded
More informationThe Central Nervous System
The Central Nervous System Cellular Basis. Neural Communication. Major Structures. Principles & Methods. Principles of Neural Organization Big Question #1: Representation. How is the external world coded
More informationOutline.! Neural representation of speech sounds. " Basic intro " Sounds and categories " How do we perceive sounds? " Is speech sounds special?
Outline! Neural representation of speech sounds " Basic intro " Sounds and categories " How do we perceive sounds? " Is speech sounds special? ! What is a phoneme?! It s the basic linguistic unit of speech!
More informationMirror Neurons in Primates, Humans, and Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Mirror Neurons in Primates, Humans, and Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders Fiza Singh, M.D. H.S. Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry UCSD School of Medicine VA San Diego Healthcare System
More informationIntroduction to Computational Neuroscience
Introduction to Computational Neuroscience Lecture 5: Data analysis II Lesson Title 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Function of the NS 3 Windows to the Brain 4 Data analysis 5 Data analysis II 6 Single
More informationEDGE DETECTION. Edge Detectors. ICS 280: Visual Perception
EDGE DETECTION Edge Detectors Slide 2 Convolution & Feature Detection Slide 3 Finds the slope First derivative Direction dependent Need many edge detectors for all orientation Second order derivatives
More informationThe neural code for interaural time difference in human auditory cortex
The neural code for interaural time difference in human auditory cortex Nelli H. Salminen and Hannu Tiitinen Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology,
More informationFabricating Reality Through Language
Fabricating Reality Through Language Ken W. Grant 17 April 2015 USUHS Disclaimer The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenters and do not reflect the official policy of the Department
More informationReading Neuronal Synchrony with Depressing Synapses
NOTE Communicated by Laurence Abbott Reading Neuronal Synchrony with Depressing Synapses W. Senn Department of Neurobiology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 4, Israel, Department of Physiology, University
More informationPhysiology of Tactile Sensation
Physiology of Tactile Sensation Objectives: 1. Describe the general structural features of tactile sensory receptors how are first order nerve fibers specialized to receive tactile stimuli? 2. Understand
More informationSpeech perception in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer s type (DAT) Mitchell S. Sommers Department of Psychology Washington University
Speech perception in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer s type (DAT) Mitchell S. Sommers Department of Psychology Washington University Overview Goals of studying speech perception in individuals
More informationChapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception
Chapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception Overview of Questions What is it that makes sounds high pitched or low pitched? How do sound vibrations inside the ear lead to the perception
More informationSound Waves. Sensation and Perception. Sound Waves. Sound Waves. Sound Waves
Sensation and Perception Part 3 - Hearing Sound comes from pressure waves in a medium (e.g., solid, liquid, gas). Although we usually hear sounds in air, as long as the medium is there to transmit the
More informationCISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience
CISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience Levels of organization Central Nervous System 1m 10 11 neurons Neural systems and neuroanatomy Systems 10cm Networks 1mm Neurons 100μm 10 8 neurons Professor Daniel Leeds
More informationEEG reveals divergent paths for speech envelopes during selective attention
EEG reveals divergent paths for speech envelopes during selective attention Cort Horton a, Michael D Zmura a, and Ramesh Srinivasan a,b a Dept. of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine,
More informationEssential feature. Who are cochlear implants for? People with little or no hearing. substitute for faulty or missing inner hair
Who are cochlear implants for? Essential feature People with little or no hearing and little conductive component to the loss who receive little or no benefit from a hearing aid. Implants seem to work
More informationRetinotopy & Phase Mapping
Retinotopy & Phase Mapping Fani Deligianni B. A. Wandell, et al. Visual Field Maps in Human Cortex, Neuron, 56(2):366-383, 2007 Retinotopy Visual Cortex organised in visual field maps: Nearby neurons have
More informationPsycho acoustical Measures in Individuals with Congenital Visual Impairment
ORIGINAL PAPER DOI: 10.5935/0946-5448.20170031 International Tinnitus Journal. 2017;21(2):185-189. Psycho acoustical Measures in Individuals with Congenital Visual Impairment Kaushlendra Kumar Teenu Thomas
More informationBrain Imaging of auditory function
Who am I? Brain Imaging of auditory function Maria Chait I do (mostly) MEG functional brain imaging of auditory processing. Now, I am at the EAR Institute, University College London & Equipe Audition,
More informationFunctional Elements and Networks in fmri
Functional Elements and Networks in fmri Jarkko Ylipaavalniemi 1, Eerika Savia 1,2, Ricardo Vigário 1 and Samuel Kaski 1,2 1- Helsinki University of Technology - Adaptive Informatics Research Centre 2-
More information