Processing in The Cochlear Nucleus
|
|
- Simon Richards
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Processing in The Cochlear Nucleus Alan R. Palmer Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research University Park Nottingham NG7 RD, UK The Auditory Nervous System Cortex Cortex MGB Medial Geniculate Body Excitatory GABAergic Glycinergic IC Inferior Colliculus DNLL Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus Cochlear Nucleus DCN PVCN MSO Lateral Lemniscus Lateral Superior Olive Cochlea AVCN MNTB Superior Olive Medial Superior Olive Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body The cochlear nucleus is the site of termination of fibres of the auditory nerve Cochlear Nucleus Auditory Nerve Cochlea 1
2 Frequency Tonotopicity Basilar membrane Inner hair cell Auditory nerve Fibre To the brain Each auditory-nerve fibre responds only to a narrow range of frequencies Tuning curve Action potential Evans 1975
3 Palmer and Evans 1975 There are many overlapping single-fibre tuning curves in the auditory nerve Audiogram Palmer and Evans 1975 Tonotopic Organisation Lorente
4 Tonotopic Organisation Cochlea Basilar Membrane Hair Cells Base Characteristic Frequency Anterior Apex Spiral Ganglion Auditory Nerve Posterior Cochlear Nucleus Tonotopic projection of auditory-nerve fibers into the cochlear nucleus Ryugo and Parks, 3 The cochlear nucleus: the first auditory nucleus in the CNS Best frequency Position along electrode track (mm) Evans 1975
5 stellate (DCN) Inhibitory Synapse Excitatory Synapse cartwheel DAS to inferior colliculus fusiform SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX OCB INFERIOR COLLICULUS granule vertical AN golgi DORSAL? COLUMN NUCLEUS VESTIBULAR NERVE to VNLL to MSO to DMPO, PPO MNTB, LNTB via TB giant vertical to CN & IC via TB? to PPO IAS to IC? to VNLL from DLPO PRI PRI-N CHOP-S ON-C spherical bushy globular bushy multipolar multipolar octopus COCHLEAR NUCLEUS ARP (after Meddis, Shackleton and Hewitt) II I Auditory Nerve root neurone via TB to reticular pontine formation and deep SC (perhaps via collaterals to contralateral VNLL) Physiological Classification of Cochlear Nucleus Neurones 5
6 LATERAL INHIBITION IN THE DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS Tone Le evel (~db SPL) Inhibitory side band Palmer 1977 Excitation Excitation Inhibition Inhibition Excitation Excitation Excitation Inhibition Stabler 1991 Inhibition Inhibition Inhibition Stabler
7 Sound Level Auditory Nerve minimum thresholds Kiang 196 7
8 Saturated rate Threshold Dynamic range Spontaneous rate Galambos and Davis 193 Low threshold Guinea pig Low SR High SR High threshold At each frequency, auditory nerve fibres differ in their spontaneous rate, input/output function and dynamic range - these covary. Winter and Palmer Cat Sachs and Abbas 197 8
9 Cochlear nucleus responses Stabler 1991 Young Timing Peri Stimulus Time Histograms 9
10 When a novel stimulus occurs within a frequency channel the discharge rate is immediately increased and then falls (adapts) over a few tens of milliseconds Kiang et al Winter and Palmer 1
11 Dorsal Lesion AVCN DCN Lesion Spikes p er bin 15 1 Pri Anterior Stellate AN Ventral Globular bushy PVCN Posterior Fusiform 8 Pauser Octopus Spherical bushy Stellate 1 Chop-S Chop-T Pri-N On On C L On I Auditory 1 18 Nerve Time in ms Temporal Responses of the Principal Neurones of the Cochlear Nucleus to pure tones Types of neurones in the cochlear nucleus 11
12 Osen 1969 PARALLEL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS To medial superior olive: information about sound localisation using timing (and possibly time coding of speech) To inferior colliculus: information about pinna sound transformations To lateral superior olive: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity To medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity Either commisural or to inferior colliculus information about sound level and voice pitch To inferior colliculus: information about complex sounds (possibly place coding of speech) Input from cochlear nerve Bushy Cells Lorente de Nó 1
13 The discharges of cochlear nerve fibres to low- frequency sounds are not random; they occur at particular times (phase locking). Evans (1975) Alt Tab Enhancement of synchronization in Globular Bushy Cells Joris et al
14 Enhancement of synchronization in Spherical Bushy Cells Joris and Smith 8 PARALLEL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS To medial superior olive: information about sound localisation using timing (and possibly time coding of speech) To inferior colliculus: information about pinna sound transformations To lateral superior olive: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity To medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity Either commisural or to inferior colliculus information about sound level and voice pitch To inferior colliculus: information about complex sounds (possibly place coding of speech) Input from cochlear nerve Type T Multipolar Cells Lorente de Nó 1
15 16 BF Tones db Spikes/bin Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) db Sp pikes/bin khz Chop-T BF Tones 7 7 Noise Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) Level (db) Level (db) 681 Transient Chopper Unit BF khz 681 > Spikes/bin BF Tones db Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) 1 BF Tones Noise Level (db) Level (db) Spikes/bin + db Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) Chop-S 19.6 khz 11 15
16 Generation of vowel sounds At low sound levels steady-state vowels are well represented in the mean discharge rate of the population of auditory nerve fibres. Sachs and Young, 1979 At higher sound levels the representation of the formant frequencies becomes less distinct. Sachs, Young and Colleagues 16
17 * * * Theoretical computations, based on optimally weighting the different spontaneous rate populations, reveal eal that mean rate alone may contain sufficient information even at high sound levels. Delgutte, 1996 Selective listening Lai, Winslow and Sachs, 199 Two populations of cochlear nucleus stellate cells retain vowel formant information in their discharge rate at high sound levels Blackburn and Sachs,
18 S S PARALLEL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS To medial superior olive: information about sound localisation using timing (and possibly time coding of speech) To inferior colliculus: information about pinna sound transformations To lateral superior olive: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity To medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity Either commisural or to inferior colliculus information about sound level and voice pitch To inferior colliculus: information about complex sounds (possibly place coding of speech) Input from cochlear nerve Type D Multipolar Cells (commisurals) D-stellate cells in the VCN Cant and Gaston Oertel s Group Physiological Responses before injection Spikes/bin Spikes/bin Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) BF Tones +5 db + db Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) Spikes/bin Spikes/bin Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) Noise db db Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms).5 BF Tones.5 5 Noise Level (db) Level (db) Onset-C Unit BF 6.9 khz 8 18
19 S S Physiological Responses after injection Spikes/bin BF Tones +5 db Spikes/bin Noise db Spikes/bin Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) db db Spikes/bin Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) Post Stimulus Onset Time (ms) BF Tones 5 Noise Level (db) Level (db) Onset-C Unit BF 6.9 khz 8 18 Onset-C Unit BF 6.9 khz 8 19
20 Onset-C Unit BF 6.9 khz 8 Onset unit Chopper unit Primarylike unit Cochlear nerve fibre Kim and Leonard, 1988 Kim and Leonard, 1988
21 Octopus Cells Octopus Cells Oertel et al Octopus Cells Oertel et al 1
22 PARALLEL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS To medial superior olive: information about sound localisation using timing (and possibly time coding of speech) To inferior colliculus: information about pinna sound transformations To lateral superior olive: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity To medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity Either commisural or to inferior colliculus information about sound level and voice pitch To inferior colliculus: information about complex sounds (possibly place coding of speech) Input from cochlear nerve Pinna Cue Pathway Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Bipolar Large Multipolar Giant Fusiform Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Oertel and Young,
23 Temporal Responses (PSTHS) in Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Monaural spectral localization cues Moore and King 1999 Responses of a Type IV DCN units to sharp spectral edges Reiss and Young 5 3
24 Input from somatosensory system possibly involved in compensation for pinna and head position Cells sensitive to sharp spectral notches Young (Baltimore)
25 Projections of the Major Cell Types of the Cochelar Nucleus Malmierca and Smith 6 Summary of Cochlear Nucleus Responses The cochlear nucleus consists of three parts each of which is tonotopically organized. The cochlear nucleus contains several major cell types that project to other brain areas. As a result of their interconnections, biophysics and input from the auditory nerve these cell groups reprocess the auditory nerve activity for different features of the incoming sounds. PARALLEL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS To medial superior olive: information about sound localisation using timing (and possibly time coding of speech) To inferior colliculus: information about pinna sound transformations To lateral superior olive: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity To medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: information about sound localisation using interaural intensity Either commisural or to inferior colliculus information about sound level and voice pitch To inferior colliculus: information about complex sounds (possibly place coding of speech) Input from cochlear nerve 5
Processing in The Superior Olivary Complex
Processing in The Superior Olivary Complex Alan R. Palmer Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Binaural cues for Localising Sounds in Space time
More informationThe Auditory Nervous System
Processing in The Superior Olivary Complex The Auditory Nervous System Cortex Cortex Alan R. Palmer MGB Excitatory GABAergic IC Glycinergic Interaural Level Differences Medial Geniculate Body Inferior
More informationDorsal Cochlear Nucleus. Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS
Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS May 30, 2016 Overview Structure Response properties Hypothesized roles in hearing Review of VCN-DCN circuits and projections Structure
More informationThe Central Auditory System
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM Each auditory nerve sends information to the cochlear nucleus. The Central Auditory System From there, projections diverge to many different pathways. The Central Auditory System There
More informationDorsal Cochlear Nucleus September 14, 2005
HST.722 Brain Mechanisms of Speech and Hearing Fall 2005 Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus September 14, 2005 Ken Hancock Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (DCN) Overview of the cochlear nucleus and its subdivisions Anatomy
More informationJ Jeffress model, 3, 66ff
Index A Absolute pitch, 102 Afferent projections, inferior colliculus, 131 132 Amplitude modulation, coincidence detector, 152ff inferior colliculus, 152ff inhibition models, 156ff models, 152ff Anatomy,
More informationRepresentation of sound in the auditory nerve
Representation of sound in the auditory nerve Eric D. Young Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Young, ED. Neural representation of spectral and temporal information in speech.
More informationTheme 2: Cellular mechanisms in the Cochlear Nucleus
Theme 2: Cellular mechanisms in the Cochlear Nucleus The Cochlear Nucleus (CN) presents a unique opportunity for quantitatively studying input-output transformations by neurons because it gives rise to
More informationAuditory nerve. Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS
Auditory nerve Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS May 30, 2016 Overview Pathways (structural organization) Responses Damage Basic structure of the auditory nerve Auditory nerve in the cochlea
More informationCentral Auditory System Basics and the Effects of Abnormal Auditory Input to the Brain. Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. July 3,
Central Auditory System Basics and the Effects of Abnormal Auditory Input to the Brain Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. July 3, 2012 1 Overview Auditory system tasks Peripheral auditory system Central pathways -Ascending
More informationThe Structure and Function of the Auditory Nerve
The Structure and Function of the Auditory Nerve Brad May Structure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (BME 580.626) September 21, 2010 1 Objectives Anatomy Basic response patterns Frequency
More informationCNS pathways. topics. The auditory nerve, and the cochlear nuclei of the hindbrain
CNS pathways topics The auditory nerve, and the cochlear nuclei of the hindbrain Sensory channels of information flow in CNS Pathways to medial geniculate body of thalamus Functional categorization of
More informationHearing and the Auditory System: Overview
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.723: Neural Coding and Perception of Sound Instructor: Bertrand Delgutte, and Andrew Oxenham Hearing and the Auditory System: Overview Bertrand
More informationModeling and Simulation of the Auditory Pathway
ModelingandSimulationoftheAuditory Pathway TECHNICALREPORT CalF.Rabang WeldonSchoolofBiomedicalEngineering crabang@purdue.edu EdwardL.Bartlett DepartmentsofBiologicalSciencesandBiomedicalEngineering ebartle@purdue.edu
More informationAUDL GS08/GAV1 Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear. Pitch & Binaural listening
AUDL GS08/GAV1 Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear Pitch & Binaural listening Review 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 100 1000 10000 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 100 1000 10000 Part I: Auditory frequency selectivity Tuning
More informationAuditory System. Barb Rohrer (SEI )
Auditory System Barb Rohrer (SEI614 2-5086) Sounds arise from mechanical vibration (creating zones of compression and rarefaction; which ripple outwards) Transmitted through gaseous, aqueous or solid medium
More informationBinaural Spectral Processing in Mouse Inferior Colliculus
University of Connecticut DigitalCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 6-9-2015 Binaural Spectral Processing in Mouse Inferior Colliculus Xi Bie zoebiexi@gmail.com
More informationSound waves from the auditory environment all combine in the ear canal to form a complex waveform. This waveform is deconstructed by the cochlea with
1 Sound waves from the auditory environment all combine in the ear canal to form a complex waveform. This waveform is deconstructed by the cochlea with respect to time, loudness, and frequency and neural
More informationBefore we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves
The Auditory System PHYSIO: #3 DR.LOAI ZAGOUL 24/3/2014 Refer to the slides for some photos. Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves All waves have basic characteristics:
More informationHow is the stimulus represented in the nervous system?
How is the stimulus represented in the nervous system? Eric Young F Rieke et al Spikes MIT Press (1997) Especially chapter 2 I Nelken et al Encoding stimulus information by spike numbers and mean response
More informationInnervation of the Cochlea. Reading: Yost Ch. 8
Innervation of the Cochlea Reading: Yost Ch. 8 Fine Structure of the Organ of Corti Auditory Nerve Auditory nerve (AN) is a branch of the VIII th cranial nerve (other branch is vestibular). AN is composed
More informationSpatial hearing and sound localization mechanisms in the brain. Henri Pöntynen February 9, 2016
Spatial hearing and sound localization mechanisms in the brain Henri Pöntynen February 9, 2016 Outline Auditory periphery: from acoustics to neural signals - Basilar membrane - Organ of Corti Spatial
More informationLecture 7 Hearing 2. Raghav Rajan Bio 354 Neurobiology 2 February 04th All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned:
Lecture 7 Hearing 2 All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned: 1. http://wws.weizmann.ac.il/neurobiology/labs/ulanovsky/sites/neurobiology.labs.ulanovsky/files/uploads/purves_ch12_ch13_hearing
More informationCOGS 107B. TA: Alexander Johnson Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart
COGS 107B TA: Alexander Johnson abj009@ucsd.edu Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart Week 3 Have covered so far (all on midterm): Neuron Doctrine & System Basics Somatosensory
More informationStructure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (Fall 2014) Auditory Cortex (3) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang
580.626 Structure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (Fall 2014) Auditory Cortex (3) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns
More informationOtoconia: Calcium carbonate crystals Gelatinous mass. Cilia. Hair cells. Vestibular nerve. Vestibular ganglion
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM (Balance/Equilibrium) The vestibular stimulus is provided by Earth s, and. Located in the of the inner ear, in two components: 1. Vestibular sacs - gravity & head direction 2. Semicircular
More informationAuditory System & Hearing
Auditory System & Hearing Chapters 9 and 10 Lecture 17 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2015 1 Cochlea: physical device tuned to frequency! place code: tuning of different
More informationModeling and Simulation of the Auditory Pathway
Modeling and Simulation of the Auditory Pathway INTERIM REPORT: Computational Models for the Study of Hearing and Language Impairement in Children Alok Bakshi School of Industrial Engineering Purdue University,
More informationStructural and Functional Classes of Multipolar Cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
THE ANATOMICAL RECORD PART A 288A:331 344 (2006) Structural and Functional Classes of Multipolar Cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus JOHN R. DOUCET 1 * AND DAVID K. RYUGO 1,2 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head
More informationINTRODUCTION. 475 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 (1), January /98/103(1)/475/19/$ Acoustical Society of America 475
A model for binaural response properties of inferior colliculus neurons. I. A model with interaural time differencesensitive excitatory and inhibitory inputs Hongmei Cai, Laurel H. Carney, and H. Steven
More informationAcoustics, signals & systems for audiology. Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment
Acoustics, signals & systems for audiology Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment Three main types of hearing impairment Conductive Sound is not properly transmitted from the outer to the inner ear Sensorineural
More informationBinaurally-coherent jitter improves neural and perceptual ITD sensitivity in normal and electric hearing
Binaurally-coherent jitter improves neural and perceptual ITD sensitivity in normal and electric hearing M. Goupell 1 (matt.goupell@gmail.com), K. Hancock 2 (ken_hancock@meei.harvard.edu), P. Majdak 1
More informationStimulus Coding in the Auditory Nerve. Neural Coding and Perception of Sound 1
Stimulus Coding in the Auditory Nerve Neural Coding and Perception of Sound 1 Point of View AUDITORY NERVE SOUND EAR BRAIN BEHAVIOR The auditory nerve conveys information about sound from the ear to the
More informationSPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM
SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM REVISION OF PHYSICS: WAVES A wave is an oscillation of power, sound waves have two main characteristics: amplitude, which is the maximum displacement or the power of
More informationMITOCW watch?v=9fl2zrnkddq
MITOCW watch?v=9fl2zrnkddq The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To
More informationAuditory Phase Opponency: A Temporal Model for Masked Detection at Low Frequencies
ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA Vol. 88 (22) 334 347 Scientific Papers Auditory Phase Opponency: A Temporal Model for Masked Detection at Low Frequencies Laurel H. Carney, Michael G. Heinz, Mary E.
More informationChapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception
Chapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception Overview of Questions What is it that makes sounds high pitched or low pitched? How do sound vibrations inside the ear lead to the perception
More informationLauer et al Olivocochlear efferents. Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS
Lauer et al. 2012 Olivocochlear efferents Amanda M. Lauer, Ph.D. Dept. of Otolaryngology-HNS May 30, 2016 Overview Structural organization Responses Hypothesized roles in hearing Olivocochlear efferent
More informationI. INTRODUCTION. A. Extracellular physiological responses to AM stimuli.
A phenomenological model of peripheral and central neural responses to amplitude-modulated tones Paul C. Nelson and Laurel H. Carney a) Department of Bioengineering and Neuroscience and Institute for Sensory
More informationNeurobiology of Hearing (Salamanca, 2012) Auditory Cortex (2) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang
Neurobiology of Hearing (Salamanca, 2012) Auditory Cortex (2) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University web1.johnshopkins.edu/xwang
More informationCochlear anatomy, function and pathology II. Professor Dave Furness Keele University
Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology II Professor Dave Furness Keele University d.n.furness@keele.ac.uk Aims and objectives of this lecture Focus (2) on the biophysics of the cochlea, the dual roles
More informationClopton, B. M., Spelman, F. A. Auditory System. The Biomedical Engineering Handbook: Second Edition. Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino Boca Raton: CRC Press
Clopton, B. M., Spelman, F. A. Auditory System. The Biomedical Engineering Handbook: Second Edition. Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000 5 Auditory System Ben M. Clopton University of
More informationIn order to study any brain system, one should consider what the system does and then how the components of the system are designed and how they
In order to study any brain system, one should consider what the system does and then how the components of the system are designed and how they might work together. The challenge in studying the brain
More informationSteadman, Mark (2015) Investigating the neural code for dynamic speech and the effect of signal degradation. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
Steadman, Mark (2015) Investigating the neural code for dynamic speech and the effect of signal degradation. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28839/1/steadman2015_phd_thesis.pdf
More informationNeural Adaptation in the Auditory Nerve and the Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus of the Rat in Response to Repetitive Acoustic Stimuli
Universität Zürich Institut für Hirnforschung Direktor: Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. med. h.c. M. E. Schwab Universität Freiburg, Schweiz Departement für Medizin Institut für Physiologie Direktor: Prof. Dr. med.
More information21/01/2013. Binaural Phenomena. Aim. To understand binaural hearing Objectives. Understand the cues used to determine the location of a sound source
Binaural Phenomena Aim To understand binaural hearing Objectives Understand the cues used to determine the location of a sound source Understand sensitivity to binaural spatial cues, including interaural
More informationTemporal and Binaural Properties in Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus and Its Output Tract
The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1998, 18(23):10157 10170 Temporal and Binaural Properties in Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus and Its Output Tract Philip X. Joris 1,2 and Philip H. Smith 3 1 Division of
More informationAuditory and Vestibular Systems
Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective To learn the functional organization of the auditory and vestibular systems To understand how one can use changes in auditory function following injury to localize
More informationSpectro-temporal response fields in the inferior colliculus of awake monkey
3.6.QH Spectro-temporal response fields in the inferior colliculus of awake monkey Versnel, Huib; Zwiers, Marcel; Van Opstal, John Department of Biophysics University of Nijmegen Geert Grooteplein 655
More informationSignals, systems, acoustics and the ear. Week 5. The peripheral auditory system: The ear as a signal processor
Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear Week 5 The peripheral auditory system: The ear as a signal processor Think of this set of organs 2 as a collection of systems, transforming sounds to be sent to
More information4. THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS
4. THE COCHLEAR NUCLEUS ERIC D. YOUNG AND DONATA OERTEL The cochlear nucleus contains the circuits through which information about sound is coupled to the brain. In the cochlear nucleus, fibers of the
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF COCHLEAR NUCLEUS ONSET UNITS STUDIED WITH A MODEL
Computational Models of Auditory Function 29 S. Greenberg and M. Slaney (eds.) IOS Press, 21 CHARACTERISTICS OF COCHLEAR NUCLEUS ONSET UNITS STUDIED WITH A MODEL Sridhar Kalluri 1, 2 and Bertrand Delgutte1,
More informationAuditory Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D.
Auditory Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES After studying the material of this lecture, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the morphology and function of the following structures:
More informationto vibrate the fluid. The ossicles amplify the pressure. The surface area of the oval window is
Page 1 of 6 Question 1: How is the conduction of sound to the cochlea facilitated by the ossicles of the middle ear? Answer: Sound waves traveling through air move the tympanic membrane, which, in turn,
More informationHearing Lectures. Acoustics of Speech and Hearing. Auditory Lighthouse. Facts about Timbre. Analysis of Complex Sounds
Hearing Lectures Acoustics of Speech and Hearing Week 2-10 Hearing 3: Auditory Filtering 1. Loudness of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more) 2. Pitch of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more)
More informationSystems Neuroscience Oct. 16, Auditory system. http:
Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, 2018 Auditory system http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html The physics of sound Measuring sound intensity We are sensitive to an enormous range of intensities,
More informationAuditory System Feedback
Feedback Auditory System Feedback Using all or a portion of the information from the output of a system to regulate or control the processes or inputs in order to modify the output. Central control of
More informationBinaural Hearing. Steve Colburn Boston University
Binaural Hearing Steve Colburn Boston University Outline Why do we (and many other animals) have two ears? What are the major advantages? What is the observed behavior? How do we accomplish this physiologically?
More informationWhat is the effect on the hair cell if the stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium?
CASE 44 A 53-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of feeling like the room is spinning, dizziness, decreased hearing, ringing in the ears, and fullness in both ears. He states
More informationSpectrograms (revisited)
Spectrograms (revisited) We begin the lecture by reviewing the units of spectrograms, which I had only glossed over when I covered spectrograms at the end of lecture 19. We then relate the blocks of a
More informationSensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction
Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside sarah.chollar@gmail.com Sensory Systems How the brain allows us to see, hear,
More informationDevelopment of Sound Localization 2. How do the neural mechanisms subserving sound localization develop?
Development of Sound Localization 2 How do the neural mechanisms subserving sound localization develop? 1 Overview of the development of sound localization Gross localization responses are observed soon
More informationCOM3502/4502/6502 SPEECH PROCESSING
COM3502/4502/6502 SPEECH PROCESSING Lecture 4 Hearing COM3502/4502/6502 Speech Processing: Lecture 4, slide 1 The Speech Chain SPEAKER Ear LISTENER Feedback Link Vocal Muscles Ear Sound Waves Taken from:
More information9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 9.01 Recitation (R02)
More informationThe mammalian cochlea possesses two classes of afferent neurons and two classes of efferent neurons.
1 2 The mammalian cochlea possesses two classes of afferent neurons and two classes of efferent neurons. Type I afferents contact single inner hair cells to provide acoustic analysis as we know it. Type
More informationAuditory System & Hearing
Auditory System & Hearing Chapters 9 part II Lecture 16 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2019 1 Phase locking: Firing locked to period of a sound wave example of a temporal
More informationYan Gai and Laurel H. Carney
Yan Gai and Laurel H. Carney J Neurophysiol 99:1077-1095, 2008. First published Jan 16, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.00708.2007 You might find this additional information useful... This article cites 50 articles,
More informationWhat s a cerebellar circuit doing in the auditory system?
What s a cerebellar circuit doing in the auditory system? Donata Oertel 1 and Eric D. Young 2 1 Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 13 University Avenue, Madison, WI 5376, USA 2 Department
More informationSound movement detection deficit due to a brainstem lesion
522 52ournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1997;62:522-526 SHORT REPORT Department of Physiological Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, NE2 4HH, UK Rees C Witton G G R Green Department
More informationTemporal Adaptation. In a Silicon Auditory Nerve. John Lazzaro. CS Division UC Berkeley 571 Evans Hall Berkeley, CA
Temporal Adaptation In a Silicon Auditory Nerve John Lazzaro CS Division UC Berkeley 571 Evans Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract Many auditory theorists consider the temporal adaptation of the auditory
More informationStructure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (Fall 2014) Auditory Cortex (1) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang
580.626 Structure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (Fall 2014) Auditory Cortex (1) Prof. Xiaoqin Wang Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns
More informationauditory system, sends major ascending inputs to higher auditory levels, such as the
Abstract The anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), located at the first level of the central auditory system, sends major ascending inputs to higher auditory levels, such as the superior olivary complex
More informationSound and Hearing. Decibels. Frequency Coding & Localization 1. Everything is vibration. The universe is made of waves.
Frequency Coding & Localization 1 Sound and Hearing Everything is vibration The universe is made of waves db = 2log(P1/Po) P1 = amplitude of the sound wave Po = reference pressure =.2 dynes/cm 2 Decibels
More informationPSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages
PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages 189-197 Corrections: NTC 09-1, page 3, the Superior Colliculus is in the midbrain (Mesencephalon). Announcements: Movie next Monday: Case of the frozen
More informationAcoustics Research Institute
Austrian Academy of Sciences Acoustics Research Institute Modeling Modelingof ofauditory AuditoryPerception Perception Bernhard BernhardLaback Labackand andpiotr PiotrMajdak Majdak http://www.kfs.oeaw.ac.at
More informationID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003
ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003 As always, the Honor Code is in effect and you ll need to write the code and sign it at the end of the exam. Read each question carefully and answer it completely. Although
More informationIssues faced by people with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Issues faced by people with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss Issues faced by people with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss 1. Decreased Audibility 2. Decreased Dynamic Range 3. Decreased Frequency Resolution 4.
More informationCranial Nerve VIII (The Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve)
Cranial Nerve VIII (The Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve) Please view our Editing File before studying this lecture to check for any changes. Color Code Important Doctors Notes Notes/Extra explanation Objectives
More informationComment by Delgutte and Anna. A. Dreyer (Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA)
Comments Comment by Delgutte and Anna. A. Dreyer (Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA) Is phase locking to transposed stimuli as good as phase locking to low-frequency
More informationWeek 5. Fall 2016 Part 2: Structure and Function of Auditory System 1
This outline summarizes major points covered in lecture. It is not intended to replace your own lecture notes. Week 5 How sound is heard: EAR Mechanical energy reaches the eardrum, moves to the middle
More informationFINE-TUNING THE AUDITORY SUBCORTEX Measuring processing dynamics along the auditory hierarchy. Christopher Slugocki (Widex ORCA) WAS 5.3.
FINE-TUNING THE AUDITORY SUBCORTEX Measuring processing dynamics along the auditory hierarchy. Christopher Slugocki (Widex ORCA) WAS 5.3.2017 AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION /pi//k/ /pi//t/
More informationCh 5. Perception and Encoding
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang
More informationAuditory nerve model for predicting performance limits of normal and impaired listeners
Heinz et al.: Acoustics Research Letters Online [DOI 1.1121/1.1387155] Published Online 12 June 21 Auditory nerve model for predicting performance limits of normal and impaired listeners Michael G. Heinz
More informationcauses as a form of auditory defensiveness, where an aversion to busier environments results.
Hearing in Humans Auditory Information comes into the brain tonotopically. That means that all the frequency information from low to high, bass to treble, is carried by nerves in an order using a row of
More informationBinaural Interactions in the Auditory Brainstem
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.723: Neural Coding and Perception of Sound Instructor: Bertrand Delgutte Binaural Interactions in the Auditory Brainstem Bertrand Delgutte, 2000-2005
More informationNeural Recording Methods
Neural Recording Methods Types of neural recording 1. evoked potentials 2. extracellular, one neuron at a time 3. extracellular, many neurons at a time 4. intracellular (sharp or patch), one neuron at
More informationNeurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo , ( ), , M4.1, M6.2
Neurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo 4.1 4.8, (4.9 4.23), 6.22 6.24, M4.1, M6.2 I. Transduction The role of sensory systems is to convert external energy into electrical signals
More informationCh 5. Perception and Encoding
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang
More informationIntracellular Recordings in Response to Monaural and Binaural Stimulation of Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat
The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1997, 17(19):7565 7581 Intracellular Recordings in Response to Monaural and Binaural Stimulation of Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat Shigeyuki Kuwada,
More informationDevelopment of Hyperactivity after Hearing Loss in a Computational Model of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Depends on Neuron Response Type
Development of Hyperactivity after Hearing Loss in a Computational Model of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Depends on Neuron Response Type Roland Schaette 1,2,3 and Richard Kempter 1,2,3,4 Affiliations: 1
More informationLab 4: Compartmental Model of Binaural Coincidence Detector Neurons
Lab 4: Compartmental Model of Binaural Coincidence Detector Neurons Introduction The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to give you hands-on experience with a compartmental model of a neuron. Compartmental
More informationAssessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Smith, Spencer Benjamin Publisher The University of
More informationINTRODUCTION. 494 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 (1), January /98/103(1)/494/13/$ Acoustical Society of America 494
A model for binaural response properties of inferior colliculus neurons. II. A model with interaural time differencesensitive excitatory and inhibitory inputs and an adaptation mechanism Hongmei Cai, Laurel
More informationCarlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited
More informationHearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics
9 Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics Click Chapter to edit 9 Hearing: Master title Physiology style and Psychoacoustics The Function of Hearing What Is Sound? Basic Structure of the Mammalian Auditory
More informationNeural Correlates and Mechanisms of Spatial Release From Masking: Single-Unit and Population Responses in the Inferior Colliculus
J Neurophysiol 94: 1180 1198, 2005. First published April 27, 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.01112.2004. Neural Correlates and Mechanisms of Spatial Release From Masking: Single-Unit and Population Responses in
More informationTHE ROLE OF TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE CUES IN SPEECH PERCEPTION
THE ROLE OF TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE CUES IN SPEECH PERCEPTION THE ROLE OF TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE CUES IN SPEECH PERCEPTION BY RASHA IBRAHIM, M.Sc., B.Sc. a thesis submitted to the department of electrical
More informationMusic and the Auditory System
Music and the Auditory System David Meredith Department of Computing, City University, London. dave@titanmusic.com www.titanmusic.com MSc/Postgraduate Diploma in Music Information Technology Lecture Department
More informationLinguistic Phonetics. Basic Audition. Diagram of the inner ear removed due to copyright restrictions.
24.963 Linguistic Phonetics Basic Audition Diagram of the inner ear removed due to copyright restrictions. 1 Reading: Keating 1985 24.963 also read Flemming 2001 Assignment 1 - basic acoustics. Due 9/22.
More informationHCS 7367 Speech Perception
Long-term spectrum of speech HCS 7367 Speech Perception Connected speech Absolute threshold Males Dr. Peter Assmann Fall 212 Females Long-term spectrum of speech Vowels Males Females 2) Absolute threshold
More information