WHO Conference on Health Aspects of Tsunami Disaster in Asia. Phuket,, Thailand 4 66 May 2005
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1 WHO Conference on Health Aspects of Tsunami Disaster in Asia Phuket,, Thailand 4 66 May 2005
2 WHY DNA? Theresa Caragine, Ph.D.
3 Modalities of Identification Personal recognition (photo) Fingerprints Dental X-Rays Unique radiology Identifying characteristics (tatoo, scar) Personal effects (jewelry, medical devices) not recommended DNA Comparisons Unavailable
4 Interpol Recommendation Identify each person with two modalities if possible Radiology and fingerprint records and/or identifying marks on victim may not be available.
5 Challenging Remains: DNA Most Reliable Method For Identification Severely damaged remains Fragmentation Commingling
6 Bone Samples in Increasingly Worse States of Preservation
7 Fragmentation
8 Incorrect Associations?
9 Commingling of Remains
10 The Case of the Thoracic Mandible Demonstration of the Need for DNA Confirmation for Identification
11 Remains in Triage
12 Medical Examiner Worksheet
13 Personal Property Victim name Victim name Photo Photo Wallet in body bag but not in clothing. Driver s license, credit card and work ID for John Doe. Not enough to ID, but can be used to guide investigation.
14 Hands: Fingerprints & Ring
15 Hands: Fingerprints & Ring
16 Fingerprints from Police Record Match John Doe Remains
17 John Doe s Wedding Date and jewelry description matches ring.
18 Dental X-rays for John Doe match mandible recovered from remains. Post mortem dental Ante mortem dental
19 Radiology discovers another mandible in thoracic cavity
20 Dental matches a different victim than John Doe Ante Mortem Post Mortem
21 DNA Profile obtained with Kinship supports 1 st mandible. 1 st mandible Father & sib of John Doe
22 BUT other personal effects linked to 2 nd mandible. 2nd mandible 1 st mandible Father & sib of John Doe Personal effect of 2 nd John Doe & remains
23 Conclusion DNA MATCH (but same body part) WTC Integrated for Victim Data Victim name Property Jewelry Finger prints Dental Anthro Medico-Legal Investigations
24 Identification of WTC victims 2 1,583 victim s identified 54% by DNA alone 11,583 pieces identified
25 DNA Matching Process Overview Database Personal Effects and Remains Match Administrative Review DNA Profile Confirmation No Conflicts Conflict Resolution Reconciliation Center
26 Step 1: DNA Match Database DATA Personal Effects Kinship
27 Step 2: Confirmation of Sources of Information Kinship Donor Information Victim Confirmation Administrative Review Family Structure Lab Numbers Collection NYPD or OCME
28 Step 3: DNA Profile Confirmation Match Confirmation Two PE Matches One PE Match One PE + Kin Kinship Match Personal Effect Re-Analysis Kinship Analysis
29 Sources of DNA Reference Samples Good Sources Toothbrushes Electric Razors Hairbrushes Used Underwear Dried bloodstains Other clinical or blood specimen samples Sperm bank samples Dried umbilical cord Fair Sources Parafilm embedded specimens Cervical smears Cigarette butts, pipes Mouth piece, mouth guard Caps, helmets Ear plugs Inner clothing Pens with teeth marks Eyeglasses Combs Deodorants Lipsticks, cosmetics Used cups, drinking glasses
30 Poor Sources of DNA Jewelry Outer clothing Shoes Towels Hairbands Baby hair Dentures Hair rollers Scissors
31 Remains Samples: Bone Humeral or femoral shaft Any long bone Entire rib Foot or hand bone Any portion of compact bone left
32 Teeth If teeth are easily removed, submit teeth If not, keep teeth intact in the bone Other examinations must be completed before DNA testing
33 Challenging Samples Repeated efforts to produce profiles from challenging samples. In house optimization of protocols
34 Identify the remains PCR DNA analysis in a BCL2 laboratory Preserve samples for PCR DNA analysis Safely return remains to families
35 Sanitization by Irradiation with an Electron Beam Forensic DNA preserved Electrons disrupt the DNA chain either destroying or preventing reproduction of the organism. Still can detect spores by PCR or antigen assays The Titan Corporation
36 Electron Beam Sterilization Technology Electrons penetrate package Generates Accelerates Spreads Treats electrons electrons E-Beam product 2002 The Titan Corporation
37 E-beam: Penetrating Ionizing Radiation Penetrating: electrons pass through material, not just a surface treatment Ionizing: disrupts molecules by stripping off electrons, breaking bonds, etc. Radiation: energy from accelerated electrons Practical Operational Issues Throughput is based on the dose Kills all biological pathogens Greatly reduces effects of chemical agents 2002 The Titan Corporation
38 Efficacy of E-beam Radiation for Biological and Chemical Agents Radiation (kgys) control Bio Hi Bio/ Chem Hi Chem Lo Chem Agent Killed
39 Irradiated Bloodstains Produced Sufficient Loci for Comparison 90 Radiation Dose (kgy) Neg Allelic Determinations (%)
40 Continued Contact with Families Resolve Discrepancies Explain difficulties and delays Maintain motivation
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