Pediatric Dentistry. Speaking: Having a Bad Toothache. When was your last visit to the dentist? How did you make an appointment?

Transcription

1 Unit3 Pediatric Dentistry Grammar: past simple and past continuous Speaking: Having a Bad Toothache Vocabulary: The Dentist t Spot Discussion When was your last visit to the dentist? How did you make an appointment? How often did your parents take you to the dentist when you were a child? Did you use to be afraid? Were you cleaning your teeth regularly when you were a child? 25

2 Reading 1 Read the five texts, items 1 5. Then read the headlines a e. Decide which headline a e goes best with which text. a) Free Furniture for Christmas b) Tired Drivers: a Danger on the Road c) Arrest d) School Dinner Causes Serious Illness e) Largest Number of Passengers 26

3 1. At least 100 Sussex children and staff are thought to be suffering from food poisoning after a Christmas meal. A third of all pupils aged between nine and 13 and 10 teachers were struck down after eating a turkey lunch on Wednesday. No one is thought to have been hospitalized. 3. Southend police used patrol cars to block the path of a runaway doubledecker bus yesterday as it careered driverless towards a shopping area. Two men had just jumped from the vehicle, which had been reported stolen. Two men in their thirties were arrested. 5. More road accidents are caused by drivers who fall asleep at the wheel than is generally recognized, an MP claimed yesterday. He has called for Government action to help solve the problem. 2. Travellers flocked to Heathrow Airport yesterday at the start of its busiest ever fortnight. Two million people are expected to travel through the airport between this weekend and 5 January, thanks to the start of the ski season and the traditional Christmas holiday period. 4. A London furniture company is putting a 1,500 sofa up for sale for 1 in return for a promise from the buyer to take someone in need into their home at Christmas. Whoever wins the prize will have to nominate someone who is homeless, or living on their own, or is otherwise not going to have much of a Christmas. 27

4 Grammar Simple Past and Past Progressive 2 Choose the question or statement you would expect the speaker to say. 1- When I went to bed late last night, I noticed that the light was on in your bedroom. a- Were you reading? b- Did you read? 2- Jane s cousin was at the party last night. a- Were you meeting him? b- Did you meet him? 3- A small airplane flew over our house several times last night. a- We were sitting out on the patio, and it made us nervous. b- We sat out on the patio, and it made us nervous. 4- I m not sure if I met Carol Jones at the party last night. Describe her for me. a- What was she wearing? b- What did she wear? 28

5 x Simple Past (a) I walked to work yesterday. (b) John lived in Paris for ten years, but now he lives in Rome. (c) I bought a new car three days ago. The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past x Past Progressive (a) I was walking down the street when it began to rain. (b) While I was walking down the street, it began to rain. (c) Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. (d) At eight o clock last night, I was studying. in (a): 1 st : I was walking down the street. 2 nd : it began to rain. Both actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred. In (d): my studying began before 8:00, was in progress at that time, and probably continued. 29

6 3 Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or past progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1- I am sitting in class right now. I (sit) in class at this exact same time yesterday. 2- I (call).. Roger at night last night, but he (be, not) at home. He (study) at the library. 5- My brother and sister (argue).. about something when I (walk) into the room. 6- I got a package in the mail. When I (open). It, I (find). a surprise. 3- I (hear, not) the thunder during the storm last night because I (sleep). 4- It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun (shine).. A cool breeze (blow). 7- A: (you, hear).. what the teacher just said? B: no, I (listen, not)... I (think) about something else. 8- I really enjoyed my last vacation. While it (snow).. in Iowa, the sun (shine).. in Florida. While you (shovel).. snow in Iowa all last week, I (lie).. on a beach in Florida. 30

7 4 Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or the past progressive form of the verbs in the list. Be find look sit speak stop walk It was my first day of class. I finally. The right room. The room.. already full of students. On one side of the room, students were talking to each other in Japanese or Arabic. On the other side, students in Spanish or Portuguese. It sounded like the United Nations. Some of the students, however, quietly by themselves, not talking to anyone. I.. for an empty seat in the last row and sat down. In a few minutes, the teacher.. into the room, and all the multilingual conversation suddenly. Writing 5 First, write about your first day at university. Use past tense verbs. What did you do? What was the weather like? What did you see? Who did you meet? Did you have any interesting experiences? Second, write about: how you were feeling about the place. what were you wearing? 31

8 vocabulary 6 Match the words with pictures Lamp - enamel - mirror - chair - nerve - basin - drill - filling - cavity - crown - clinic - gum 1- Dentist's Dental scalers (or "picks") 10- Amalgam 32

9 Frequently Asked Questions Key words: oral care- primary teeth or baby teeth- toothache gum mouth appliance radiation permanent teeth crown root. What should I use to clean my baby's teeth? A toothbrush will remove plaque bacteria that can lead to decay. Any soft-bristled toothbrush with a small head, preferably one designed specifically for infants, should be used at least once a day at bedtime. When should I take my child to the dentist for the first check-up? In order to prevent dental problems, your child should see a pediatric dentist when the first tooth appears, or no later than his/her first birthday. What is the difference between a pediatric dentist and a family dentist? Pediatric dentists are the pediatricians of dentistry. A pediatric dentist has two to three years specialty training following dental school and limits his/her practice to treating children only. Pediatric dentists are primary and specialty oral care providers for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health needs. Are baby teeth really that important to my child? Primary, or "baby," teeth are important for many reasons. Not only do they help children speak clearly and chew naturally, they also aid in forming a path that permanent teeth can follow when they are ready to erupt. 33

10 What should I do if my child has a toothache? First, rinse the irritated area with warm salt water and place a cold compress on the face if it is swollen. Give the child acetaminophen for any pain, rather than placing aspirin on the teeth or gums. Finally, see a dentist as soon as possible. Are thumbsucking and pacifier habits harmful for a child's teeth? Thumb and pacifier sucking habits will generally only become a problem if they go on for a very long period of time. Most children stop these habits on their own, but if they are still sucking their thumbs or fingers past the age of three, a mouth appliance may be recommended by your pediatric dentist. How can parents help prevent tooth decay? Parents should take their children to the dentist regularly, beginning with the eruption of the first tooth. Then, the dentist can recommend a specific program of brushing, flossing, and other treatments for parents to supervise and teach to their children. How safe are dental X-rays? There is very little risk in dental X-rays. Pediatric dentists are especially careful to limit the amount of radiation to which children are exposed. Lead aprons and high-speed film are used to ensure safety and minimize the amount of radiation. What should I do if my child falls and knocks out a permanent tooth? The most important thing to do is to remain calm. Then find the tooth. Hold it by the crown rather than the root and try to reinsert it in the socket. If that is not possible, put the tooth in a glass of milk and take your child and the glass immediately to the pediatric dentist. Toothpaste: when should we begin using it and how much should we use? The sooner the better! Starting at birth, clean your child s gums with a soft infant toothbrush or cloth and water. Parents should use a tiny smear of fluoride toothpaste to brush baby teeth twice daily as soon as they erupt and a soft, ageappropriate sized toothbrush. Once children are 3 to 6 years old, then the amount should be increased to a pea-size dollop. How often does my child need to see the pediatric dentist? A check-up every six months is recommended in order prevent cavities and other dental problems. However, your pediatric dentist can tell you when and how often your child should visit based on their personal oral health. 34

11 What do we say? 7 Choose the correct answer: 1. Is the pain recurrent? = Does the pain? (a) Come and go (b) In and out (c) Arrive and leave I will prescribe some antibiotics as well as some for after your operation. (a) Pain-murderers (b) Pain-killers (c) Antihistamines We'll have to that tooth. = We'll have to remove that tooth. (a) Extract (b) Excel (c) Accept 4. It would be best to remove all four of your teeth. (a) Intelligent (b) Wisdom (c) Smart 5. Is your cheek still? = Do you still have no feeling in your cheek? (a) Dumb (b) Lame (c) Numb 6. You should eating hot food for the next 2 hours. = You should not eat hot food for the next two hours. (a) Avert (b) Evade (c) Avoid 7. Could you bite down on this paper and your teeth? (= rub your teeth together) (a) Grind (b) Grow (c) Greet 8. ( = keeping your mouth and teeth clean) is extremely important. (a) Mouth cleanliness (b) Oral hygiene (c) Orally clean 9. refers to an inflammation of the gums. (a) Ginger (b) Genetics (c) Gingivitis 10. The glossy, visible part of a tooth is called its. (a) Enamel (b) Animal (c) Anomaly 35

12 Additional activities on the simple past and the past progressive 8 Choose the correct answer: Activity 1: Choose the correct answer: 1. I. I didn't hear you come in. a) was sleeping b) slept 2. I to see her twice, but she wasn't home. a) was coming b) came 3. What? I was watching TV. a) did you do b) were you doing 4. Robin Hood was a character who from the rich and gave to the poor. a) stole b) was stealing 5. Hey, did you talk to her? Yes, I to her a) was talking b) talked 6. I home very late last night. a) came b) was coming 7. How long the flu? a) did you have b) were you having 8. a good time in Brazil? Yes, I had a blast! a) Were you having b) Did you have 9. We breakfast when she walked into the room. a) had b) were having Activity 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form (Simple past or Past progressive). 1. A: What (you, do) when you heard that noise? B: I (try) to change a light bulb that had burnt out. 2. After I (find) the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) to the police and (turn) it in. 3. The doctor (say) that Brian (be) too weak to go to work and that he (need) to stay at home for a couple of days. 4. My best friend (arrive) at my house a little before 9:00 pm, but I (be, not) there. I (study) at the library for my final examination in Italian. 5. John is in the living room working on his computer. At this time yesterday, he (work, also) on his computer. That's all he ever does! 6. I (call) you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) there. Where were you? B: I (work) out at the gym. 10. Last month I decided to buy a new car, and today I finally it. a) bought b) was buying 36

13 At the Dentist s Having a Bad Toothache Fred: Hello, Jodie. How are you doing? And how s Ana? Jodie: Not good, doc! She s having a bad toothache. Fred: Hmmm.. Let me check... Jodie: Is it something bad? Fred: Well, nothing unusual for a sweet tooth like your daughter! She s got another set of cavities. Jodie: Ouch. But, I ve been taking good care of her teeth. Fred: The gaps she has between her teeth make her prone to frequent cavities. This is the reason I keep on asking you to visit the dentist once every 6 months to maintain her oral hygiene. Jodie: Yes, I know you re right. Are the cavities really bad? Fred: Not that bad. We ll fix them up with composite filling. 9 Work with a partner. Practice saying the dialogue. This is the End of Unit 3 37

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