Note: Page numbers with italicised f s and t s refer to figures and tables, respectively.

Transcription

1 Index Note: Page numbers with italicised f s and t s refer to figures and tables, respectively. abfraction, 13, 71 2, 72f aetiology, 71 features of, 72 management and treatment of, 72 patients affected by, 72 abrasion, 13, 69 71, 70f aetiology, features of, 70 management and treatment of, 71 patients affected by, acid attack, 57 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 105 acupuncture, 194 acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, 86 7, 86f acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis, see necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) adolescents, aerobic bacteria, 27 8 aggressive periodontitis (AP), 46 7, 47f clinical features of, 47 8 treatment of, 48 alcohol, 147 and oral cancer, 97 alveolar bone, 13, 15 alveolar ridge, see alveolar bone amelogenesis imperfecta, 89 amphetamines, 149 anaerobic bacteria, 28 angular cheilitis, 95, 95f anodontia, 87 anti-plaque agents, mouthwashes, sugar-free chewing gum, 156 toothpastes, aphthous ulcers, 82 4, 82f aetiology, 83 clinical features, 83 treatment, 84 aromatherapy, 195 attrition, 68 9, 69f aetiology, 68 features of, 68 management and treatment of, 69 patients affected by, 69 bacteria, 27 8 balanced diet, basic periodontal examination (BPE) index, benign migratory glossitis, 91 benzydamine hydrochloride, 156 biofilm, 26 black hairy tongue, 18 British Dental Association (BDA), 128 British Fluoridation Society, 128 British Medical Association (BMA), 128 bulk sweeteners, bupropion (Zyban ), 146 burns, , 102f calculus, subgingival, 31 2, 32f supragingival, 30 31, 31f Candida albicans, 93 cannabis, 148 carbohydrates, 111 cardiovascular disease (CVD), 142 Care Quality Commission (CQC), 281 caries, acid attack experiments, 61 aetiology of, 56 8 causes of, 57f common sites, 60 definition of, 53 development of, 56, 57f epidemiology, 61 3 history and distribution, 53 4 incidence, 53 4 prevention of, 60 61, 60f COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion, Second Edition. Ann Felton, Alison Chapman and Simon Felton John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2 296 Index caries (continued) stages of, 58, 59f types of, 54, 55f, 56f case studies, exhibitions, appointments, 249 difficult patients, 250 display, examples, cementum, 12f properties of, 13 cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 156 Champix, see varenicline (Champix ) chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine mouthwash in necrotising ulcerative gingivitis treatment, 50 chronic gingivitis, 35 40, 36f, 37f inflammation, 38 9 primary causes, 37 secondary causes, 37 8 signs and symptoms, treatment of, 40 chronic periodontitis, 41 52, 42f features of, 43 4 primary causes, 42 3 secondary causes, 43 signs and symptoms, 44, 45f, 46f treatment and management of, 46 cigarettes and oral cancer, 97 cingulum, 135 cleft palate/lip, 6, 6f bilateral, 7 types of, 7 unilateral, 7 cocaine, 148 coins-in-acid experiment, 61 cold sores, 84 6, 85f aetiology, 84 clinical features, 84 treatment, 85 6 collagen fibres, 14 COMA panel, on dietary sugars, , 118f comforters (dummies), 210 Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy (COMA), 118 communication, barriers, in dental surgery, empathy in, 161 media influence, paralinguistic, 163 respect in, 161 technology and OHE, 164 three rules, 160 warmth in, community dental service (CDS), 281 Crohn s disease and colitis, 106 decayed, missing, filled (DMF) index, 129 delmopinol mouthwash, 154 demineralisation, 57 Dental Care Professionals (DCPs), 132, , 285 dental floss, see floss dental fluorosis, , 130t dental research abstract, 289 case-control study, clinical trial, cohort study, 290 control group, 289 cross-sectional study, 290 epidemiology, 289 incidence, 289 in situ, 290 in vitro, 290 in vivo, 290 keeping up-to-date, matching technique, 290 prevalence, 289 qualitative research, 289 quantitative research, 289 research papers, dental services, Care Quality Commission, 281 clinical governance, 278 community, 281 General Dental Council, hospital, private practices, 278 dentine, 12f, 13 properties of, 13 secondary, 13 dentine hypersensitivity (DH), see sensitivity dentinogenesis imperfecta, 89 denture stomatitis, 94, 94f diabetes, 43, 103 4, 235, 274 type 1, 103 type 2, 103 DMFT caries index, 264 double tooth, 88, 89f drug misuse, illegal, eatwell plate, , 110f ecstasy, 149 education, planning sessions, domains of learning, 166 educational theorists, questionnaire, session structure, egg-in-fluoride experiment, 61 electric toothbrushing, see power brush technique (toothbrushing) enamel, 11 3, 12f abfraction, 71

3 Index 297 attrition, 68 caries, 57 8 fissure sealants, fluorosis, 126, 129 hypoplasia, 89 properties of, 12 3 enamel organs, 8 epidemiologists, 262 epidemiology, defined, 262 indices, surveys, epilepsy, 235 epileptic seizures, erosion, 13, 65 8, 66f, 147, 148, 149 aetiology, 67 features, 67 management and treatment of, 68 patients affected by, 67 8 epulis, 38, eruption dates, 9 11 essential oil mouthwash, extrinsic staining, 33, 33f face, development of, 6, 7f frontonasal process, 6 mandibular process, 6 maxillary process, 6 fats, 111, 112 feeding and weaning, 117, 120, fibre, 114 fissure sealants, clinical trials, 139 definition, 135 further advice, 139 materials, placement of, 137 8, 138f reasons for using, sealing in children, when and where to seal, 136 floss, , 214, 237 fluoridated milk, 132 fluoridated salt, 132 fluoride, , 134t availability, benefits of fluoridation, calcium, 126 definition, 125 facts about, 126 history of, mouthwashes, 155 occurrence, 125 sources of, supplements, 133, 133t toothpaste, 210 varnish, fluorosis, 32 foetus, tooth germ development in, 8 food additives, 114 food labelling, free gingival groove, 16 General Dental Council (GDC), 34, 279 scope of practice, 280 generalised aggressive periodontitis (GAP), 47 geographic tongue, 18, 18f, 91 2, 91f, 92f gingivae, 15 6, 15f attached, 15 free, 16 gingival crest, 16 mucogingival junction, 16 gingival overgrowth, 235 gingival sulcus, 16 gingivitis, see chronic gingivitis glass-ionomer cement (GIC), 136 glossitis, 17, 90 91, 90f glycaemic index (GI), 111 gram positive bacteria, 27 guided daily amounts (GDA), 114, 115f gum diseases, prevention of, haemophilia, 132, 133, 236 halitosis, 202, 231 hallucinogens, 149 Health and Social Care Act, 279 health professionals, delivering advice to other professionals, 247 providers of oral health education, 246 homeopathic toothpaste, 153 homeopathy, 196 Hopewood House study, 63 hospital dental service, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 105 human papillomavirus (HPV), 97 hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes, 155 in necrotising ulcerative gingivitis treatment, 50 hyperdontia, 87 8, 88f hypodontia, 87 hypoglycaemia, 235 iceberg effect, indices, basic periodontal examination index, DMFT carries index, oral hygiene index, 265 Silness and Löe plaque index, 265 Turesky plaque index, inflammation, 38 9 experiment, 39 stages of, 38 9 informal secondary socialisation, 258 inorganic tooth matter, 11, 12t

4 298 Index insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 103 intense sweeteners, 123 interdental (bottle) brushes, 191 2, 218, 223, 229 interdental cleaning, , 210 intrinsic staining, 32 ionic seesaw, 57 jaws, development of, 7 leucocytes, 21 leukoplakia, see white patches (leukoplakia) lichen planus, 104 5, 104f localised aggressive periodontitis (LAP), 47 malocclusion and chronic periodontitis, 43 mandibular symphysis, 7 Meckel s cartilage, 7 methadone, 148 migratory glossitis, see geographic tongue minerals, 113 minority ethnic populations, 167, barriers to dental treatment, 242 breaking down barriers, census, 241 promotional material, 244 mouth, tongue and floor of, 16 8 mouthwash, 131, mucin, 20 mucocele, 100, 100f mucogingival junction, 16. See also gingivae National Advisory Committee on Nutritional Education (NACNE), 120 NACNE report, National Health Service (NHS), clinical governance, 278 dental contract reform 276 in pregnancy treatment, , 203 in prevention/promotion, 272 3, 285 National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC), 259t necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), 48, 49f, 155 aetiology of, 48 clinical features of, treatment of, 50 nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), 146 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 103 non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), 118 normative need, 284 norms of society, 258 nutrition, obturators, older people, advice to carers of, advice to full denture wearers advice to partial denture wearers, 232 barriers to dental treatment, 228 benefits of healthy mouth, 226 breaking down barriers, classification of, 226 dental survey, 226 denture care, 230 2, 231f diet and nutrition, 227 oral care in, oral problems of, 230 one hour before bed rule, 207 opiates, 148 oral cancer (carcinoma), 96 9, 96f, 98f, 230 oral candidosis, 93 5 oral cavity functions of, 8 structure of, 4f oral disease, causes of, 23 oral embryology, 3 6 face, development of, 6 foetus, tooth germ development in, 8 jaws, development of, 7 palate and nasal cavities, development of, 6 7 oral health promotion, definition of, 283 health guidance, 285 Ottawa Charter, providers of, 246 oral hygiene index (OHI), 265 oral hygiene session, delivering the talk, 180 exhibition, 181 planning talk to group outside of practice, poster design and written information, 181 oral piercing, oral thrush, 93 4, 93f organic tooth matter, 11, 12t orthodontic patient, Angle s classifications, 222 fixed appliances, 223 removable appliances, treatment of, Ottawa Charter, overbite, 222 overjet, 222 palate and nasal cavities, development of, 6 7 parents of pre-11-year-olds, advice to, year-olds, year-olds, year-olds, parotid gland, 19

5 Index 299 partially dentate, 225 passive smoking, 207 patients, at risk, low economic status, medically comprised, mentally impaired, 237 physically impaired, severely compromised, performance gap, peri-implantitis/mucositis, 50, 51f treatment of, 52 periodontal abscess, 80 82, 81f aetiology, 81 clinical features, 81 lateral, 80 treatment, periodontal ligament, 13, periodontium, 3, 14, 14f pit and fissure caries, 54, 55f plaque, 25 30, 26f control, 30 in epileptic patients, 235 formation of, 28 9, 29f indices, mature, 27f microorganisms in, 27 8 and preg nancy gingivitis, 201, 203 removal of, 183, 185, 186, 188, 190, 193, 213, 251 retention factors, plaque-induced gingivitis, 37 power brush technique (toothbrushing), 188, 189f practical oral hygiene instruction, complementary and alternative therapies, 194 acupuncture, 194 aromatherapy, 195 homeopathy, 196 teaching plaque control skills disclosing, interdental cleaning, patient motivation, 183 toothbrushes, 186 toothbrushing, pregnant patients, caries in, 201 gingivitis in, oral health advice for, periodontal infection in, 203 smoking-related conditions and diseases, summary of advice, prevention, evidence-based, Cochrane Colla boration, definition of, dental contract reform, 276 examples of, primary, recommendations, secondary, 274 tertiary dental health, 274 preventative dental unit (PDU), design, 176 location, oral hygiene session, 179 organisation, 178 setting up displays, preventive resin restorations (PRR), 137 primary dental health prevention, primary gingival herpetic stomatitis, see acute herpetic gingivostomatitis primary socialisation, 258 private dental practices, 278 process of change (smoking cessation), 144 5, 145f proteins, 112 pulp, 12f, 13 recreational drug users, 103 remineralisation, 57 removable appliances, retainers, 223 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 106, root caries, 54, 56f, 230 saliva, composition of, 20 facts about, 21 functions of, salivary amylase, 20 salivary glands, 19 20, 19f salivary pellicle, 29 sanguinarine, 195 schools, advice to parents of 6 11 year olds, 215 secondary dental health prevention, 274 secondary socialisation, 258 sensitivity, 73 4 aetiology, 73 features, 73 treatment, 74 severely compromised patients, 239 Silness and Löe plaque index, 265 simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), 265 Sjögren s syndrome and xerostomia, 77 smoking and chronic periodontitis, 43 and pregnancy conditions effects on general health, 142 effects on oral health, 143 passive, 142 reasons for, 142 and tobacco use, 141 6

6 300 Index smoking cessation, nicotine replacement therapy, 146 stages of, smooth surface caries, 54, 55f socioeconomic status, 259 sociology, of health care, defined, 257 iceberg effect, norms of society, 258 performance gap, 260, 261 primary socialisation, 258 secondary socialisation, 258 socialisation process, values, 259 victim blaming, sodium bicarbonate, 155 solvent abuse, 149 special-care patients, acceptable and unacceptable phrases, 238 squamous cell papilloma, 99, 99f staining, 32 4 extrinsic, 33, 33f intrinsic, 32 Stephan curve, 57, 58f stomatitis, 94, 94f Streptococcus mitis, 27 Streptococcus mutans, 27 Streptococcus salivarius, 27 Streptococcus sanguis, 27 subgingival calculus, 31 2, 32f sublingual gland, 20 submandibular gland, 19 sugar-free chewing gum, 156, 218, 228 sugar-free medicines, 206 sugars, COMA classification, , 118f COMA panel recommendations, 120 consumption and disease, 117 extrinsic, 119 frequen cy of consumption, frequency of intake in children, 214 intrinsic, 119 milk, 119 NACNE report, non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), 118, 119, 120 substitutes, supernumerary teeth, 87 supragingival calculus, 30 31, 31f, 265 teeth, 8 primary dentition, 9, 9f, 9t secondary dentition, 10 11, 10f, 11t structure of, 11 13, 12f supporting structures of, whitening, 33 4 TePe Extra Grip toothbrush, 229 TePe Implant Care brush, in peri-implant mucositis treatment, 52 tobacco smoking, see smoking tongue, 16 8 conditions affecting, 17 8 definition, 16 functions of, 17 muscles of, 16 surfaces of, 16 tongue cleaning, 194 tooth anomalies, 87 9 toothbrushes advice, 186 toothbrushing techniques, 186 9, 187f, 188f, 189f tooth germ development in, foetus, 8 toothpaste, advising on, 152 constituents of, functions of, 152 homeopathic, 153 tooth surface loss (TSL), abfraction, 71 2, 72f abrasion, 69 71, 70f attrition, 68 9, 69f erosion, 65 8, 66f tori, 101, 101f trench mouth, see necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) Treponema denticola, 48 Turesky plaque index, type 1 diabe tes, 103 type 2 diabetes, 103 ulcers, see aphthous ulcers varenicline (Champix ), 146 Vincent s angina, see necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) Vipeholm study, 62 vitamins, water fluoridation, water irrigation units, 193 white patches (leukoplakia), 96 World Health Organisation (WHO), 128 xerostomia, 76 9 aetiology of, 76 7 definition, 76 management for radiotherapy patients, 79 management of, 78 in medically comprised patients, 235 in older people, 227, 230 permanent dry mouth, 77 8 xylitol, 123