ICRP-ERPW Symposium. Paris, October10-12, Chan Hyeong Kim Hanyang University
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1 ICRP-ERPW Symposium Paris, October10-12, 2017 Chan Hyeong Kim Hanyang University * Contributing Authors: YS Yeom, TT Nguyen, MC Han, CS Choi, H Lee, H Han, B Shin, J-K. Lee, HS Kim, M Zankl, N Petoussi-Henss, WE Bolch, C Lee, BS Chung, R Qiu, K Eckerman
2 VRCPs Voxel-type Reference Computational Phantoms ORNL/TM 8381 (1987) ICRP Publication 110 (2009) 2
3 3
4 Full members Chan Hyeong Kim (Hanyang Univ., Korea, ICRP C2) - Chair Yeon Soo Yeom (Hanyang Univ., Korea) Maria Zankl (HMGU, Germany) Nina Petoussi-Henss (HMGU, Germany, ICRP C2) Wesley Bolch (Univ. of Florid, U.S.A, ICRP C2) Choonsik Lee (NCI, U.S.A) Corresponding members Keith Eckerman (ORNL, U.S.A) Riu Qiu (Tsinghua University, China) Bum Sun Chung (Ajou Univ., Korea) M.D./anatomist Chansoo Choi (Hanyang Univ., Korea) Min Cheol Han (INFN, Italy) Han Sung Kim (KIRAMS, Korea) Tat Thang Nguyen (Honoi Institute of Technology, Vietnam) 4
5 VRCPs (ICRP Publication 110) MRCPs (Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms) 5
6 6
7 7
8 Male Female 8
9 Respiratory Tract Organs ET 1 ET 2 Target region Depth: μm, Thickness: 10 μm Source region Sequestered 10 μm Bound 55 μm Fast 15 μm Lungs Male 9
10 Lungs Male Target region Secretory cells 8 μm Source region AI 5 μm Sequestered 20 μm Bound 6 μm Fast & slow mucus Turn ON/OFF Bronchiolar (bb) 10
11 Eyeballs Behrens eye model (2009) Male Installed Converted to mesh format 11
12 Male Female 12
13 Male Female 13
14 Male Female 14
15 Male Female 15
16 Compatibility with MC codes Dosimetry impact DCs for Industrial Radiography Sources 16
17 17
18 MRCP (male) Voxelized phantom (0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 mm 3 ) Voxelized phantom (1 x 1 x 1 mm 3 ) Voxelized phantom (2 x 2 x 2 mm 3 ) Voxelized phantom (4 x 4 x 4 mm 3 ) VRCP (male) (2.137 x x 8 mm 3 ) 18
19 Unit: GB Phantom PHITS Geant4 MCNP MRCP (male) mm Voxelized phantom 1.0 mm mm mm VRCP (male) * Typical PC memory size (e.g. Dell XPS):16 GB, 32 GB, and 64 GB. 19
20 Unit: minutes Phantom PHITS Geant4 MCNP MRCP (male) mm Voxelized phantom 1.0 mm mm mm VRCP (male)
21 Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Photon Electron MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.1) Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.1) Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) MRCP Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom Energy (MeV) Energy (MeV) MRCP Neutron MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.1) Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom Helium MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.1) Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom MRCP MRCP Energy (MeV) Energy (MeV/u) 23
22 Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) 10 6 Photon MRCP MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom 10 6 Electron MRCP MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom Neutron Energy (MeV) MRCP Helium MRCP Energy (MeV) MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom Energy (MeV) Energy (MeV/u) 24
23 Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Computation speed (particles/second) Photon MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom 10 6 MRCP Electron Voxelized MRCP (0.6) 10 5 Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) 10 4 ICRP-110 Phantom MRCP MRCP Energy (MeV) Energy (MeV) Neutron 10 6 MRCP Helium Voxelized MRCP (0.6) 10 5 Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) 10 4 ICRP-110 Phantom MRCP MRCP Voxelized MRCP (0.6) Voxelized MRCP (1.0) Voxelized MRCP (2.0) Voxelized MRCP (4.0) ICRP-110 Phantom Energy (MeV) MRCP Energy (MeV/u) 25
24 26
25 Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) AP direction PA direction Photon energy (MeV) LAT direction ICRP Publication 116 data, entire lens Mesh phantoms, entire lens (Geant4) Stylized (ICRP-116) vs. MRCPs (Present) Photon energy (MeV) ISO direction Photon energy (MeV) Photon energy (MeV)
26 Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) Absorbed dose per fluence (pgy cm 2 ) AP direction 10-1 PA direction ICRP Publication 116 data, entire lens Mesh phantoms, entire lens (Geant4) Electron energy (MeV) copied VRCPs (ICRP-116) vs Electron energy (MeV) ISO direction MRCPs (Present) LAT (not given in ICRP- 116) Electron energy (MeV) 29
27 Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) AP direction PA direction ICRP Publication 116 data Mesh phantom (Geant4) Photon energy (MeV) RLAT direction Photon energy (MeV) ISO direction Photon energy (MeV) Photon energy (MeV) 30
28 Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) 10 4 AP direction 10 4 PA direction ICRP Publication 116 data Mesh phantom (Geant4) Neutron energy (MeV) RLAT direction Neutron energy (MeV) ISO direction Neutron energy (MeV) Neutron energy (MeV)
29 Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) AP direction PA direction 10-1 Voxel ICRP Publication 116 data Mesh phantom (Geant4) Mesh Electron energy (MeV) Electron energy (MeV) ISO direction Skin (voxel) ~2 mm thick Target layer (50 µm) Skin (mesh) AP direction 14 C (0.15 MeV): 4.7x 186 Re (1.03 MeV): 2.0x 32 P (1.66 MeV): 0.9x 90 Sr/ 90 Y (2.24 MeV): 1.1x 106 Rh (3.37 MeV): 0.9x Electron energy (MeV) 32
30 Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) Effective dose per fluence (psv cm 2 ) AP direction 10 5 PA direction ICRP Publication 116 data Mesh phantom (Geant4) Helium energy (MeV/u) Helium energy (MeV/u) ISO direction 10 4 LAT (not given in ICRP- 116) Helium energy (MeV/u) 33
31 34
32 Industrial radiography sources account for ~50% of all the reported accidents in the nuclear related industry (IAEA, 1998). Dose coefficients for - red bone marrow (RBM), brains, lungs, and small and large intestines effective dose (for comparison purpose) 35
33 Non-reference-size phantoms: 10 th percentile phantom (H10M10) 90 th percentile phantom (H90M90) Procedure (3 steps) 1. Height & weight (standing height, weight, sitting height, head height): PeopleSize 2008 software 2. Organ mass (adjustment in planar direction): lean body mass (LBM) equation (Deurenberg et al. 1991) 3. Detailed dimensions calf, upper arm, waist, hip, and thigh circumferences, sagittal abdominal diameter: NHANES Continuous ( ) & III ( ) Head breadth, head length: ANSUR II ( ) 36
34 Male phantoms 10 th percentile MRCP 90 th percentile 37
35 Female phantoms 10 th percentile MRCP 90 th percentile 38
36 5 arbitrary postures produced with a motion capture device. 39
37 Walking Sitting Squatting Bending Kneeling 40
38 Total 60 source locations Level: ground, middle thigh, lower torso, middle torso, and upper torso Direction: front, back, right, and left Distance: 0.5, 10, 30, 100, 150, and 300 cm (unit: cm) 41
39 Table J.1. Ir-192: RBM absorbed dose per disintegration (in Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) for external point sources. Level Ground Middle thigh Lower torso Middle torso Upper torso Dist. (cm) Direction Gender Front Back Right Left 10%ile MRCP 90%ile 10%ile MRCP 90%ile 10%ile MRCP 90%ile 10%ile MRCP 90%ile Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 5.36E E E E E E E E E E E E-16 Female 6.35E E E E E E E E E E E E-16 Male 2.65E E E E E E E E E E E E-16 Female 3.20E E E E E E E E E E E E-16 Male 1.12E E E E E E E E E E E E-17 Female 1.24E E E E E E E E E E E E-17 Male 2.03E E E E E E E E E E E E-18 Female 2.14E E E E E E E E E E E E-17 Male 9.95E E E E E E E E E E E E-18 Female 1.05E E E E E E E E E E E E-18 Male 2.66E E E E E E E E E E E E-18 Female 2.80E E E E E E E E E E E E-18 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 42
40 Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) times 0.4 times Front Back MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM Distance (cm) Distance (cm) Right Left MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM Distance (cm) Distance (cm) 43
41 Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) times Front Back times MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF Distance (cm) Distance (cm) Right Left MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF Distance (cm) Distance (cm) 44
42 Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Front Back MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM Distance (cm) Distance (cm) Right Left MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM MRCP-AM H10M10-AM H90M90-AM Distance (cm) Distance (cm) 45
43 Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Absorbed dose per disintegration (Gy s -1 Bq -1 ) Front Back MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF Distance (cm) Distance (cm) Right Left MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF MRCP-AF H10M10-AF H90M90-AF Distance (cm) Distance (cm) 46
44 47
45 The mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) for adult male and female have been developed to overcome the limitations of the current voxel-type reference computational phantoms. The developed mesh phantoms were tested for compatibility with some general-purpose Monte Carlo codes (Geant4, PHITS, and MCNP6) used to calculate some dose coefficients (DCs) similar DCs for highly-penetrating radiations different DCs for weakly-penetrating radiations used to calculate dose coefficients (DCs) for industrial radiography sources, for which we considered different statures and postures. 48
46 These phantoms are all-in-one phantoms, including the thin target layer of the skin, the thin source and target layers ( μm) of the respiratory and alimentary tract organs, and the detailed eye model. The developed phantoms are deformable, which can provide different statures and postures to calculate dose coefficients for emergency exposure situations * in ICRP. ( * planned for the next term of the ICRP, ). The developed phantoms will be released within ~2 years public consultation 2019 publication 49
47 Thank you! 50
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