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1 Author(s): University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology License:Unless otherwise noted, the content of this course material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 License. We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material. Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact open.michigan@umich.edu with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content. For more information about how to cite these materials visit Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition. Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.
2 CitationKey formoreinformationsee: Use+Share+Adapt {Contentthecopyrightholder,author,orlawpermitsyoutouse,shareandadapt.} PublicDomain Government:WorksthatareproducedbytheU.S.Government.(17 USC 105) PublicDomain Expired:Worksthatarenolongerprotectedduetoanexpiredcopyrightterm. PublicDomain SelfDedicated:Worksthatacopyrightholderhasdedicatedtothepublicdomain. CreativeCommons ZeroWaiver CreativeCommons AttributionLicense CreativeCommons AttributionShareAlikeLicense CreativeCommons AttributionNoncommercialLicense CreativeCommons AttributionNoncommercialShareAlikeLicense GNU FreeDocumentationLicense MakeYourOwnAssessment {ContentOpen.Michiganbelievescanbeused,shared,andadaptedbecauseitisineligibleforcopyright.} PublicDomain Ineligible:WorksthatareineligibleforcopyrightprotectionintheU.S.(17 USC 102(b))*lawsin yourjurisdictionmaydiffer {ContentOpen.MichiganhasusedunderaFairUsedetermination.} FairUse:UseofworksthatisdeterminedtobeFairconsistentwiththeU.S.CopyrightAct.(17 USC 107)*lawsinyour jurisdictionmaydiffer OurdeterminationDOESNOTmeanthatallusesofthis3rd-partycontentareFairUsesandweDONOTguaranteethat youruseofthecontentisfair. Tousethiscontentyoushoulddoyourownindependentanalysis todeterminewhetherornotyourusewillbefair.
3 CellsandTissuesSequence MedicalHistology IntegumentarySystem, Glands/mammarygland Fall,2008 CellandDevelopmentalBiology
4 1.Skin: TheIntegument EpidermisandDermis Hypodermis(a.k.a.superficialfascia) 2.Appendages:Specializationofepidermis A.Pilosebaceousapparatus Hair Sebaceousglands Arrectopilimuscle B.Sweatglands Eccrinesweatglands Apocrine(odoriferous)sweatglands C. Nail Mammarygland
5 Theskinconsistsof epidermisanddermis andisthelargest organinthebody, accountingforabout 16%ofthebody weight. UMMedicalSchoolAnatomyLaboratoryManual
6 Functionsofskin 1.Protection(fromabrasion,friction,infection,UVrays) Keratin,melanin 2.PermeabilityBarrier(preventionofextremewaterloss) Keratin,lipid,sebum 3.Thermoregulation Sweatglands,bloodvessels,fat 4.SensoryPerception Freeandencapsulatednerveendings 5.ImmunologicDefense Keratinocytes,Langerhanscells 6.Dermatoglyphics(fingerprints)
7 MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Skin Epidermis: Keratinized,strat.sq. epithelium Dermis: Denseirregularct. TypeIIIand TypeIcollagen Elasticfibers SweatGlands: Eccrineand Apocrineglands Hypodermis(superficialfascia): Fattyconn.Tissue
8 CellsoftheEpidermis Keratinocytes(80%) Melanocytes(5-10%) Langerhanscells(5%) Merkelcells(<1%) MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
9 CellularLayersoftheEpidermis Epidermis Epidermis Dermis Dermis MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Weiss,L.,CellandTissueBiology6 th ed.p.543
10 CellsoftheStratumBasale St.Spinosum St.Basale Dermis Source Undetermined
11 Stratumspinosum Source Undetermined
12 BlisteringSkinDisorders Pemphigus:Separation ofepidermalcellsfrom eachother(acantholysis) causedbylossof desmosomefunctions. Bullouspemphigoid: Separationofepidermis fromthedermisdueto blisteringinthebasement membranecausedby lossofanchoring filamentsand hemidesmosomes. Source Undetermined
13 StratumGranulosum KeratohyalinGranules(KG) Histidine-richprotein(filaggrin:filamentaggregating proteinthatcross-linkskeratin) Polysaccharidesandlipids Membrane-coatinggranules(MCG) (a.k.a.lamellargranules,odlandbodies) Primaryintercellularlipidbarriertowater-ceramide cross-linkscellmembranes.
14 KeratohyalinGranules Weiss,L.,CellandTissueBiology6 th ed.p.549
15 MembraneCoatingGranules Primary intercellular barriertowater Weiss,CellandTissueBilogy6 th ed.p.547
16 Stratumcorneum 15-20layersofnonnucleatedflattenedcells filledwithkeratainfilaments. Keratinfilamentsarecrosslinkedwithfilaggrin. Thekeratin-filaggrin depositedontheinsideof theplasmamembraneform athickenedcellenvelope. Source Undetermined
17 Thickandthinskin Source Undetermined Bluearrows:Cellsofthestratumgranulosum
18 Melanocytes Skincolor Redbloodcellsinthedermalvascularbeds. Carotenesfromexogenousfoodsstoredinfatty tissues. Hemoglobinandbilirubin(endogenousdegradation products). Melanin(pigmentproducedbymelanocytes)
19 Melanocytes (neuralcrestorigin) MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Rhodin,Histology,pp.485
20 MelanocytesproduceMelanin Melanin: Eumelanin Pheomelanin Tyrosinase(deficiency:albinism) Tyrosine 3,4-dihydroxyphenyalanine(dopa) dopaquinone Melanin
21 Epidermal- melaninunit Cytocrinesecretion Source Undetermined
22 Ross/Romrell,Histology2 nd ed.p.356
23 Pigmentdistributioninlight(left)anddark(right)skin MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
24 Merkel scell Langerhanscell Bonemarrowderived Bind,processand presentantigentotlymphocytes Roleinimmunologic skinreactions. Fawcett,Histology,pp.536
25 ProliferationandMaturationofEpithelialCells Source Undetermined
26 Source Undetermined Psoriasis
27 Dermis PapillaryDermis ReticularDermis Containsbloodandlymphaticvessels,nerves, hairfollicles,sebaceousglands,arrectopili muscle,andsweat(eccrineandapocrine) glands Hypodermis (superficialfasciawithfatcells)
28 EpithelialPegsandDermalPapillae Source Undetermined Source Undetermined
29 Papillary(PL)andReticular(RL)Dermis TypeIIICollagen Elasticfibers(EF) Source Undetermined TypeICollagen
30 PapillaryDermis housesbloodvessels,nerveendings,etc. Epidermis Papillarydermis Reticulardermis MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection SourceUndetermined
31 Dermisandskincirculation WheaterFig.9.18 Wheater 9.18
32 MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Sebaceous gland Arrecto pile muscle Pilosebaceous apparatus hair,sebaceousgland andarrectopilemuscle hair Swaet gland
33 Hairfollicle:hairbulbandhairshaft (B,C) (A) Young/HeathWheater shistology4 th ed.p.167 (D) Ross/Romrell,Histology2 nd ed.p.361 SourceUndetermined
34 GrowthCycleoftheHairFollicle Weiss, pg. 562 testosterone 5αdihydrotestosterone, whichbindsthe intracellularreceptorsand Inhibitsthemetabolismof condemnedfollicles. 5α-reductase(?)
35 Source Undetermined Pilo-sebaceousApparatus
36 Source Undetermined HolocrineSecretion
37 ModeofSecretion Merocrine(Exocytosis) Almostallexocrineglands,includingeccrine andapocrinesweatglands. Apocrine(somepartsofcellsaresecreted) Mammaryglands(lipidsecretion) Holocrine(wholecellsaresecreted) Sebaceousglands Source Undetermined
38 Tsaitgaist,,Wikipedia Hairfollicle andit s associated structures
39 EccrineSweatGlands MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
40 Secretoryportion Eccrine Sweat Gland Myoepithelialcells Ducts Secretoryportion MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
41 Source Undetermined MyoepithelialCells
42 ApocrineSweatGlands MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
43 MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection ApocrineSweatGlands Myoepithelialcells
44 SecretoryPortionsof EccrineandApocrineSweatGlands MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
45 Source Undetermined
46 GlandularLobulesandLobes ManyLobulesformaLobe. Source Undetermined Adapted and modified from Leson TS, Leson CR, Paparo AA: Text/Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1988
47 Gray s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons US Federal Government
48 ChangeinMammaryGlandAlveoliandDucts Inactive:Noalveoliand undifferentiatedterminal ducts. Active(duringpregnancy): Proliferationand differentiationofalveoli. Active(lactating):Secretion ofmilkandaccumulationin alveolarlumen. Source Undetermined
49 Inactiveandactivemammaryglands Inactivegland(left): Lobulesarearranged sparselyandeachlobule consistsofmainlybluntly endingductswithno secretoryalveoli. Activegland(right): Lobulesarewelldeveloped andpackthegland.ineach lobule,secretoryalveolihave formedandtheirlumensare highlydilated. MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection(allimages)
50 Thestromaofthemammarygland Lactiferous duct InterlobularCT IntralobularCT MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Source Undetermined Lobule Theloose,morecellularandlessfibrous,intralobular connectivetissuemakesthestromadistensibleforthe hypertrophyoftheepithelialelementsanddifferentiationofthe alveoli.numerousplasmacells(arrowsabove),whichappear intheintralobularconnectivetissueduringpregnancyand lactation,produceimmunoglobuliniga.igaistakenupbythe epithelialcells,secretedinthemilk,andtransportedtothe infant sintestinewheretheantibodiesresistbacterial infection.
51 Theantibodiesresistentericinfections. Image of mother breastfeeding infant antibodies removed Source Undetermined
52 Nipple-Lactiferousducts Lactiferousducts 15-20independentlactiferousducts, eachdrainingoneofthelobesofthe gland,openatthetipofthenipple. Withinthenipple,eachductisslightly dilatedtoformalactiferoussinus(inset). Gray s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
53 #265(nipple)Lactiferousducts Thelactiferousductislined byasuperficiallayerof cuboidalepithelialcellsand abasallayerof myoepithelialcells(arrows). MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
54 LearningObjectives Beabletoidentifyprincipallayersoftheskin(epidermis,dermisand hypodermis)atthelightmicroscopelevelandknowthemajorfunctionsofeach layer. Beabletoidentifythestrataoftheepidermisinthickandthinskinandknowthe majorcellulareventsthattakeplaceineachlayerintheprocessof keratinization. Beabletoidentifythecellsindifferentlayeroftheepidermisattheelectron microscopelevelbyrecognizingcharacteristicorganellesandstructurespresent ineachlayer. Beabletorecognizemelanocytesandknowtheprocessofpigmentformationin theskin. Beabletoidentifyeccrineandapocrinesweatglandsatthelightmicroscope levelanddistinguishductalandsecretoryportions. Beabletoidentifythecomponentsofthepilosebacousapparatusandknowthe structuralrelationshipbetweeneachcomponentandtheepidermis. Beabletoidentifythemammarygland,byrecognizingitsstructuralcomponents (lactiferousducts,alveoli,lobules,thestromalconnectivetissue),andknowthe histologicaldifferencesinactiveandinactiveglands.
55 AdditionalSourceInformation formoreinformationsee: Slide 5: UM Medical School Anatomy Laboratory Manual Slide 7: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 8: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 9: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined Slide 10: Source Undetermined Slide 11: Source Undetermined Slide 12: Source Undetermined Slide 14: Source Undetermined Slide 15: Source Undetermined Slide 16: Source Undetermined Slide 17: Source Undetermined Slide 19: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined; Slide 21: Source Undetermined Slide 22: Source Undetermined; Slide 23: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined Slide 24: Source Undetermined Slide 25: Source Undetermined Slide 26: Source Undetermined Slide 28: Source Undetermined Slide 29: Source Undetermined Slide 30: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined Slide 31: Wheater 9.18 Slide 32: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 33: Sources Undetermined Slide 34: Weiss, pg. 562 Slide 35: Source Undetermined
56 Slide 36: Source Undetermined Slide 37: Source Undetermined Slide 38: Tsaitgaist, Wikipeda, Slide 39: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 40: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 41: Source Undetermined Slide 42: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 43: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 44: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined Slide 45: Source Undetermined Slide 46: Adapted and modified from Leson TS, Leson CR, Paparo AA: Text/Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1988; Source Undetermined Slide 47: Gray s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons, U.S. Federal Government Slide 48: Source Undetermined Slide 49: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 50: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined Slide 51: Source Undetermined; Slide 52: Gray s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons, Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 53: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
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