The Use of Gastrografin in Dogs

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Acta Radiologica: Diagnosis ISSN: 0567-8056 (Print)

com/loi/iard9 The Use of Gastrografin in Dogs Eugene

of Gastrografin in Dogs, Acta Radiologica: Diagnosis,

org/0.080/056780672097409 Published online: 04 Jan 200.

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1 Acta Radiologica: Diagnosis ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: The Use of Gastrografin in Dogs Eugene Story To cite this article: Eugene Story (972) The Use of Gastrografin in Dogs, Acta Radiologica: Diagnosis, 2:sup39, To link to this article: Published online: 04 Jan 200. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 224 Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

2 FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL RADIOLOGY, THE ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. THE USE OF GASTROGRAFIN IN DOGS by EUGENE STORY* In the search for an ideal contrast medium for radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract Gastrografin (meglumine diatrizoate) and other similar water soluble iodine compounds have received the attention of many investigators (Love 957, Salcedo et coll. 957, Shehadi 957, Jacobson et coll. 958, Robinson & Levene 958, Lessman & Lilienfeld 959, Samuel 959, Shehadi 960, Nelson et coll. 963). The present paper reports on the use of Gastrografin in the dog, its indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. Material and methods Gastrografin is a lemon flavored, 76 O/O aqueous solution of the solubilized salt of Renografic acid (sodium and methyl glucamine salt of N,N -diacetyl- 3, 5-diamino-2, 4, 6-triiodine benzoic acid). Gastrografin is identical with Renografin 76 O/o, Squibb medium for intravenous urography, with the exception that a flavoring material and a sweetening agent has been added. Small amounts of a wetting agent and an antifoaming agent have also been added * Present address: Midtown Animal Hospital, 9 7-P Street, Sacramento, California 9584.

3 20 E. STORY Table. Orally administered Gastrografin: Findings in 36 non-selected cases. Foreign body in stomach Perforation of stomach Pyloric stenosis Pancreatitis Tumor of duodenum Foreign body in small intestine Ascarids in small intestine Intussusception Coprostasis Extrinsic displacement of gut Negative examination of GI tract Appearance of contrast in Urinary System 3 I to improve the contrast provided by the medium in the gastrointestinal tract. In America Gastrografin is supplied by E. R. Squibb & Sons, New Brunswick, N. J. and in Europe by AIG. Schering, Berlin. Five examinations of healthy experimental dogs were made to determine the best dosage and the normal transit time. Gastrografin was then used on 36 consecutive, non-selected dogs requiring radiographic examination of the GI tract (Table ). Before Gastrografin was given, survey radiographs were made of the abdomen. Gastrografin was administered undiluted in a dosage of mllkg body weight. Radiographs were made immediately following administration, thereafter at 30 minutes, hour and 2 hours. Results It was found that the stomach and duodenum were outlined by the contrast during the first 5 minutes, the small intestines during the following 5-25 minutes, the cecum at 45 minutes to hour and the large intestine at -2 hours after administration. Indications. Gastrografin is indicated in GI series for rapid diagnosis of partial or complete obstruction of the intestine and in cases in which rupture or perforation of the bowel is suspected. Contraindications. In cases of severe diarrhea Gastrografin is apparently irritating to the bowel. Being an iodine compound, it may interfere with iodine uptake studies and should be avoided if such are anticipated.

4 THE USE OF GASTROGRAFIN 2 Table 2. Animals which excreted Gastrographin in the urinary system. Breed Sex Age Indication for Radiologic Findings Radiography Pekinese f 3 y-r Acute gastric dilatation Slow emptying of stomach German m yr Vomiting 24 hrs Negative Shepherd Cocker m 2 /2 yr Anorexia wk, vomited a Negative Spaniel metal screw the day before Poodle f 3 yr Vomiting, tender abdomen, Negative normal stools German m 2 yr Vomiting 5 min after Slow contrast passage. Shepherd drinking, fever, abd. mass Stomach & small bowel filled by gas. 7x7 cm mass in spleen. Advantages. Gastrografin was apparently palatable to the dogs and it was easy to give because of the small volume needed. No toxic effect was noted with a dose of ml/kg body weight. A GI series was completed in 2 hours, which should be compared with the 2 hour period for barium. Disadvantages. Gastrografin did not give a detailed outline of the mucosa of the intestine. It is expensive in comparison with barium. Gastrografin was resorbed by the intestinal mucosa and excreted by the kidneys in 5 cases. The significance of this phenomenon is not known (Table 2). Conclusion Gastrografin in a dose of ml/kg body weight is well tolerated in dogs and is useful in examination of the stomach and duodenum. It is adequate for examination of obstructive lesions of the small intestine but gives poor mucosal detail. Gastrografin is especially useful to the veterinarian in emergency cases because it is convenient to administrate and diagnostic radiographs can be made within a short time.

5 22 E. STORY SUMMARY Gastrografin was used in 5 experimental dogs and in 36 dogs referred for radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. A dosage of ml/kg body weight is recommended. The indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages are reported. REFERENCES JACOBSON H. C., SHAPIRO J. H. and POPPEI M. H.: Oral Renographin 76 per cent: A contrast medium for examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 80 (958), 82. LESSMAN R. P. and LILIENFELD R. M.: Gastrographin as a water soluble contrast medium in roentgen examination of the G. I. tract. Acta Radiol. 5 (959), 70. LOVE L.: The oral use of Renographin. Monographs on Therapy 2 (957), 260. Published by The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey. NELSON S. E., CHRISTOPORIDIS A. J. and ROENICK: Barium suspensions vs. water-soluble iodine compounds in the study of obstruction of the small bowel. Radiology 80 (963), 252. ROBINSON D. and LEVENE J. M.: Oral Renografin: A new contrast medium for gastrointestinal examinations. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 80 (958), 79. SALCEDO F., RUZICKA F. F. and CARMEN J. D.: Oral Renographin (Gastrographin) as a gastrointestinal contrast medium. Monographs on Therapy 2 (957), 253. Published by The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey. SAMUEL E.: The use of contrast media in the investigation of the acute abdomen. Br. J. Radiol. 38 (959), 82. SHEHADI W. H. : The use of oral Renographin (Gastrographin) in the examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Monographs on Therapy 2 (957), 233. Published by The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey. -Orally administered water soluble iodinated contrast media. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 83 (960), 933.

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