Outcome of the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Qatar
|
|
- Dortha Newton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 QATAR MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL. 14 / NO. 2 / NOVEMBER 2005 ORIGINAL STUDY Outcome of the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Qatar El Shafei M.M., Rodriguez V.R., Martinez F.E. Ophthalmology Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation Doha, Qatar Abstract: To evaluate the results of the treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) patients in Qatar a retrospective analysis was made of 43 infants treated between January 1999 and December 2002 initially with indirect laser transpupillary photocoagulation. Cryotherapy was used only on those needing re-treatment. A favorable outcome overall was obtained in 40 cases (90%) after ten received re-treatment. The statistical interpretation, complicating factors and outcomes are discussed. It is concluded that the results of threshold ROP treatment in Qatar are encouraging. Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), first described in 1942 (1), is a multifactorial proliferative retinopathy which occurs almost exclusively in premature infants. Many risk factors and associated conditions have been suggested and reported, the most significant being low birth weight, lower gestational age and the need for supplemental oxygen. The incidence of ROP has been closely related to the improvement in neonatal care. For about the last 15 years, a fetus with a gestational age of 25 weeks and/or a birth weight of 700 grams has more than a 50 % probability of survival (2). Hence the population at risk for developing ROP has increased. It is known that in newborns of less than 1700 grams birth weight the incidence of ROP reaches 50.9 % and 4.7 % of them develop end-stage disease (3). If there were no treatment for this disease the consequences would be devastating. In a survey carried out in schools for the blind as many as 39 % of cases of blindness or severe visual impairment have been found to be due to ROP (4). Nevertheless, with the increased awareness and improved life support capabilities at Neonatal Intensive Care Address for correspondence: Maha Mohammed El Shafei, MD, FRCSI Ophthalmology Section, Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar Tel. No. : (+ 974) ; Fax: (+974) mahavr@hotmail.com Units (NICU), along with treatment for threshold ROP disease, this figure has been reduced (5). As a result of newborn immaturity, large areas of the retina are avascular, presumably producing an ischemic mediated release of angiogenic factors causing a neovascular response (6). Destruction of these non-vascularized zones could be a rationale for removing this triggering condition. Attempts at treating ROP started in After the International Classification of ROP (IC ROP) improved the understanding of the nature of the disease, and the utilization of screening eye examination for ROP detection, a multicenter trial of cryotherapy for ROP was carried out, demonstrating the efficacy of cryoablation in reducing the risk of an unfavorable outcome in newborns with "threshold" ROP (7). Later, laser photocoagulation proved to be as effective as cryotherapy (8), even becoming an important alternative when zone I treatment was needed. In 1997 the Ophthalmology Section, Surgery Department in Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, began a screening program for premature infants as well as treatment of threshold ROP. As soon as the first cases of threshold ROP were detected, cryotherapy was performed. In 1999 a laser indirect ophthalmoscope was received and was used immediately to apply this technique to these infants. The results of the treated patients are reported and analyzed below. Patients and Methods: The charts were reviewed retrospectively of 46 infants with a birth weight (BW) of 1500 grams or less and a gestational age (GA) of 32 weeks or less admitted to Hamad Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) between 1st January 1999 and 31st December These were screened, diagnosed and staged for ROP based on the criteria and recommendations of the ICROP Study (9) (Table 1) and were treated with laser photocoagulation for threshold ROP. Of the 46, three were excluded because of insufficient follow-up data (6.52 %); one died three days after treatment as a result of systemic complications unrelated to the treatment, and two left the country soon after treatment. Finally 43 infants were analyzed (Graph 1). 26
2 Table 1: Study Condition Definitions Gestational Age (GA) Chronological Age (CA) Post Conceptional Age (PCA) Threshold Disease (9) Outcome Categories Description Age at birth (in weeks) Graph 1: Study design and general results ILOP * Treatment after retreatment 33 patients (76.74%) Total: 40 patients (93.02%) Infant's Age since birth (in weeks) GA + CA (in weeks) Stage III on 5 contiguous clock' hours or 8 cumulative clock' hours at Zone I or Zone II with Plus Disease Stage III: Ridge with extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation Plus Disease: - Dilatation/ Tortuousity of retinal vessels - Vitreous Haze - Iris vascular engorgemet - Pupillary rigidity Unfavourable Any of the following fundus findings (on any examination) - Retinal Detachment - Retrolental Tissue or Mass - Posterior Retinal Fold Favourable - None of the above mentioned - ROP Regression - Full retinal vascularization Initial Retrospective Chart Review 46 patients Study's patients 43 patienlts (100%) after retreatment 7 patients (70%) Excluded (Insufficient follow-up) 3 patients (625%) Retreatment (Cryotherapy) 10 patients (2335%) "Unfavorable" Outcome 3 patients (6.97%) *ILOP = Indirect Laser Ophthalmoscope Photocoagulation Infants eligible for treatment were those with threshold disease as Cryo-ROP Study criteria 110) (Table I). A detailed parental informed consent was required before treatment. Diode laser photocoagulation was used within 48 hours of diagnosis of the condition. The use of a lid speculum and pupillary dilatation was always necessary. For dilatation purposes, we used an infant mydriatic drops mixture prepared in our pharmacy (phenylephrine 1%, tropicamide 0.45 % and cyclopentolate 0.45 %) applied twice with a 15 minute interval. Treatment was applied always by two of the authors (MME and VRR) only to the whole avascular retinal zone anterior to the ridge and up to the ora serrata. A diode laser unit with indirect ophthalmoscope delivery system (IRIS Oculight Six LIO 500, IRIS Medical Instruments; Mountain View, CA; USA) and an aspheric 20 diopters Volk lens, with scleral indentation (when needed) were used. Laser spots were placed one-half "burn width" apart, with a faint white endpoint laser mark. Laser power range was 200 to 500 mw; duration of single applications was 200 msec.; Burn numbers ranged from , with an average of 978. Re-treatment using cryotherapy was necessary when no regression or non-treated areas with residual activity were discovered during the early follow-up. Several applications, with retinal whitening as an endpoint, and a freeze time of about 2-3 seconds was the chosen technique. A 2 mm diameter neonatal cryoprobe (DORC. Ophthalmic Cryounit, Spembly Medical Ltd. Hampshire, UK) was used. The mean number of cryo applications was seven (range 4-9). No cases needed conjunctival incision for application of the treatment. Treatment was carried out always in the operating theatre at Hamad Hospital under general anesthesia consisting of anticholinergic premedication to stop oculocardiac reflex and a narcotic-relaxation technique to maintain the cardio-respiratory stability with monitoring by a neonatologist and anesthetist. The treatment was halted temporarily if that was requested by the medical support team due to the child's condition becoming medically unstable. Post surgery treatment consisted of combined antibiotic and steroid eye drops three times a day for three days. Treatment was followed up after 24 hours and then every week until total regression of the disease was achieved. Re-treatment was considered if no signs of regression were detected two weeks after the initial treatment. If full regression was achieved, follow-up visits were scheduled at three, six and twelve months of age. At the age of one year patients were re-examined again under general anesthesia and refraction was performed (data not analyzed). Only two categories of treatment outcome were considered: favorable or unfavorable (Table 1). Baseline independent variables such as birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA) at birth, QATAR MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL. 14 / NO. 2 / NOVEMBER
3 post-conceptional age (PCA), presence of systemic complications (not related to the surgical event) and also the clinical characteristics of the disease (zones involved and extension of neovascularization) were analyzed. For statistical analysis of this retrospective study, descriptive statistics (%, mean, SD) were used for baseline clinical-demographic variables. To evaluate the possible influences of baseline variables and disease characteristic on treatment outcome, a correlation test (r) was performed. For outcome categories analysis, unpaired T Student' test for continuous variables and chi-square test for non-continuous were applied. Level of significance was assumed for an a value of Results: Forty three infants (86 eyes) with a diagnosis of bilateral symmetrical threshold ROP were treated in HMC-NICU during the period. There were no statistical differences regarding gender or nationality on treated patients (p> 0.5). Mean GA was 26.2 weeks, and mean BW was 811 grams. Mean PCA at ROP Threshold diagnosis and treatment was 35 weeks (Table 2). Mean interval time between diagnosis and treatment was 1.8 days. Laser treatment was applied initially to all patients. Ten infants (23.25%) needed re-treatment by cryo application (Graphic 1). "Favorable" outcome with regression of ROP was achieved in 40 patients (93.02%), 33 of them (76.64 %) after the initial treatment. Only three infants (6.97%) did not show regression, even after re-treatment (Graphic 1). Regression of plus disease occurred within one week in all infants. Mean time span between treatment and ROP regression or other characteristics of a favorable outcome was 16.3 days (range 13-18). Cryotherapy was the selected method for re-treatment of ten patients, seven of whom (70%) showed a favorable outcome. Regression mean time was shorter than in the primary treatment but the difference was not significant. Most common causes for re-treatment were the presence of "skipped" previously untreated areas (4 out of 10) and/or insufficient regression after first applications (6 out of 10). No local (ocular) complications occurred during laser treatment. In the case of cryotherapy, only mild chemosis and periorbital swelling after the applications were noticed, without any sequels. No systemic complications occurred during the procedures or related to them. "Unfavorable" outcomes occurred in three patients after retreatment due to residual neovascular activity. Two developed tractional retinal detachment (one stage 4B and the other stage 5 with vitreous hemorrhage). The third patient regressed from acute ROP but developed a gross retinal fold that reached the macula. Comparative analysis of favorable and unfavorable outcomes is characterized by the very small number of failed cases. Nevertheless, important differences were noticed in variables such as gestational age (GA) (p=0.01), presence of infant's systemic complications (p=0.008) and presence of ROP disease in zone I (p= ) (Table 3). Regarding the last two variables, 11 of 40 infants had systemic complications in the favorable group (and all three in the unfavorable group); and only two of 40 had ROP in Zone I in the favorable group (and two of the three in the unfavorable group). Mean birth weight (BW), post-conceptional age (PCA) at threshold's disease diagnosis, and ROP extension failed to show significant differences between the outcome groups (p>0.05). Table 2: Baseline Characteristic Characteristic of Sample Total no. of patients 43 Male/ Female 21/22 Qatari/ Non Qatari 20/23 Gestational Age 26.2 (± 2.2)* Birth Weight 811 (± 163.6)* Post-Conceptional Age at ROP Threshold Diagnosis 35 (± 1,5)* * Mean ±SD Table 3: Treatment Outcome and Baseline Clinical N Data. Characteristic Outcome Favorable Unfavorable P- value BW (grams) (+) (*) GA (weeks) (+) (*) Threshold ROP' PCA (weeks) (+) (*) Systemic Complications (%) (-) ROP Zone I (%) (-) ROP Extension (Hours)(+) (*) BW = Birth Weihgt PCA = Post Conceptionat Age GA = Gestational Age (+) = Mean (-) = Statistically Significant (X 2 Test) (*) = Statistically Significant (TStudent Test) However, when baseline variables were re-analyzed, particularly stratified and correlated with the presence of an "unfavorable" outcome (Table 4), some were found to be statistically significantly related with this event. The presence of BW lower than 800 grams, GA less than 27 weeks, presence of systemic complications and ROP on zone I were statistically correlated with failed outcome (p< 0.05). The strongly correlated variables were the presence of systemic complications (r=0.82) and the GA (r=0.73). 28 QATAR MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL. 14 / NO. 2 / NOVEMBER
4 Table 4: Perinatal Risk Factors Correlated with Unfavorable Outcome (Only Statistically Significant Results r; p <0.05) Characteristic R value p - value Birth Weight < 800 gr Gestational Age < 27 wks Systemic Complications ROP Zone I Discussion: The IC ROP and the Cryo-ROP study defined the natural history, the necessity and the effectiveness of ROP treatment. Despite the fact that the laser era for the treatment of ROP appeared later, these studies have become the "golden standard" when ROP is focused on the clinical setting. Our series showed no differences when comparing it with the Cryo ROP Study regarding BW and GA (p>0.05) (11) but our range of favorable outcomes was greater than the Cryo ROP Study (93.02 % vs %). This remarkable difference could basically be the result of some particularities of our series. Despite having no differences in BW (811 g. vs. 800 g) or GA (26.2 vs weeks) with the Cryo ROP series, there were twice the number of newborn infants with threshold ROP in zone I (9.30 % vs. 4.12%). Assuming that this ROP characteristic was statistically correlated with treatment failure, it seems that the large success ratio was definitely influenced by the treatment used. All our patients were treated with laser photocoagulation and it is well known that the presence of threshold ROP in zone I reveals particular conditions regarding outcome when treatment is focused on (l215) because of the easier accessibility of posterior areas of the retina with the laser. Even more, this difference in outcome becomes much less significant when this series is compared with other studies in which laser photocoagulation is used with similar structural design and outcome evaluation. For example, in the McNamara (16) and Fleming (17) series, there were no differences with our patients in BW or GA, and the success ratio was similar. Also, in the Hunter study there were similar results (18). Laser photocoagulation has already become the preferred treatment for threshold ROP because of its many advantages and effectiveness even in severe cases (19 21). A laser indirect ophthalmoscope became available in our department in 1999 since when it has become the preferred treatment. The learning curve was short for experienced surgeons and the complications are less than for cryotheraphy. Despite the potential of immediate complications as inadvertent macular burns, posterior segment hemorrhages at all levels and thermal injuries to the cornea, iris and lens, local (ocular) complications are fewer and less significant. Conjunctival hematomas, scarring or lacerations, all reported in Cryo-ROP studies, are much less frequent with laser treatment (21). Induced myopia after treatment is more common with cryotherapy than with laser treatment (22 ' 23) and retino-choroidal scarring caused by cryotherapy is also reduced with the potential advantage of lower incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Nevertheless laser treatment is not totally harmless; excessive treatment cause thermal damage to the inner scleral tissues and ciliary nerves and vessels and the incidence of cataract after treatment appears to be greater when compared with cryotherapy (24). Fortunately, in this series there were none of these complications with4aser treatment. Cryotherapy has some advantages in its application because it requires a less clear optical status (including corneal or lens opacities, and vitreous or pre-retinal hemorrhages, which are frequent in severe cases) and it can still be applied even when the pupil is poorly dilated. Since most of our patients with an insufficient first treatment procedure needed retinal ablation mostly in the far periphery, an easily accessible area with the cryoprobe, cryotherapy was the preferred method for retreatment. In our study all the patients in the unfavorable outcome group required re-treatment as a result of an insufficient first therapeutic approach. It is known that light treatment with laser may not affect the spindle cell endothelial capillary precursors of the inner retinal layers, which, in the immature retina, may affect the course of ROP as a potentially triggering factor for neovascularisation (25). All the treatments were conducted under general anesthesia in the presence of a neonatologist and an anesthetist using anticholinergic premedication and a narcotic relaxation technique to maintain cardiorespiratory stability. At the same time the immobility of the infant during the procedure was guaranteed. We believe that the management of those immature infants under these care conditions is ideal. In comparison with other reports (26), we did not have any systemic treatment-related complications. The influence of some baseline general and ocular conditions in the final outcome was variable. Nevertheless, the presence of severe systemic complications in newborn infants with ROP, whether or not it was related with the treatment procedure, had a significant influence. Episodes of hypoxemia, long term oxygen supplementation, hypocarbia, sepsis, blood transfusion or ventricular hemorrhages, are, among others, well known risk factors for developing severe ROP (27,28). In this study we restricted the analysis to the presence or absence of severe, life-threatening systemic complications. About thirty per cent of the infants were presented with severe systemic complications unrelated to treatment including all three of the unfavor- QATAR MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL. 14 / NO. 2 / NOVEMBER
5 able outcome group. Considering that ROP is a multifactorial disease, many neonatal risk factors other than the most important ones (gestational age and birth weight) may play a significant role, although they are not fully understood. They could also have an influence on the outcome of treatment. However, caution should be taken when interpreting or assuming conclusions based on the characteristics our unfavorable outcome group because it contained only three patients. Despite some limitations in this series, such as the relatively short follow-up, very encouraging results have been achieved since the start of ROP screening and treatment Hamad Medical Corporation. The World Health Organization "Vision 2020 Program" has identified ROP as an important cause of blindness in both high and middle income countries (29). Consequently, the long term visual results (beyond the scope of this study) and the impact on the incidence of child blindness surely will be very important in the Qatari society and health plans. References: 1. Terry TL: Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind crystalline lens. I. Preliminary report. Am J Ophthalmol 1942; 25: Hack M, Fanaroff AA: Outcome of extremely-low birth weight infants between 1982 & N Eng J Med 1989; 321: Fielder AR, Shaw DE, Robinson J, Ng YK: Natural history of ROP. A prospective study. Eye 1992; 6: Gilbert C, Rahi J, Eckstein M, et al: Retinopathy of Prematurity in middle-outcome countries. Lancet. 1997; 350: Termote J, Schalij-Delfos NE, Brouwers HAA, Donders ART, Cats BP: New developments in neonatology: Less severe retinopathy of prematurity? J Pediatr Ophthalmol and Strabismus 2000; 37; Phepls DL. Retinopathy of premturity. In: Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Two. Eds. Fanaroff AA and Martin RJ. Mosby, St. Louis, MO. 2002: Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicentre Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: one-year outcome- structure and function. Arch Ophthalmol 1990; 108: The Laser ROP Study Group: Laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112: The Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. An International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1984; 102: The Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: preliminary results. Arch Ophthalmol 1988; 106: The Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Incidence and Early Course of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Ophthalmol 1991; 98: Mc Gregor ML, Wherley AJ, Fellows RR, Bremer DL, Rogers GL, Let son AD: A comparison of cryotherapy versus diode laser photocoagulation in 100 consecutive infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity. JAAPOS 1998; 82: Connolly BP, Mc Namara A, Regillo CD, Tasman W, Sharma S: Visual outcomes after laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmol 1999; 106: Capone A, Diaz-Rohena R, Sternberg P Jr, et al: Diode laser photocoagulation for zone I threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116: Axel-Siegel R, Snic M, Cottear D et al: Diode laser treatment of posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: McNamara J A, Tasman W, Brown GC, Federman JL: Laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Arch ophthalmol 1991; 109: Fleming T, Runge P, Charles S: Diode laser photocoagulation for threshold, posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 1992; 114: Hunter DG, Repka MX: Diode laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. A randomized study. Ophthalmology 1993; 100: Brooks SE, Johnson M, Wallace DK, et al: Treatment outcome in fellows eyes after laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 1999; 127: Banach MJ, Ferrone PJ, Tresse MT: A comparison of dense versus less dense diode laser photocoagulation patterns for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmol 2000; 107: Banach MJ, Beristein DM: Laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2001, 12: O'Keefe M, O 'Reilly J, Laningan B: Long-term visual outcome of eyes with retinopathy of prematurity with cryotherapy or diode laser. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: Kent D, Pennie F, Zaurus D; et al: The influence of retinopathy of prematurity on ocular growth. Eye 2000; 14: Lambert SR, Capone Jr. A, Cingle K et al. Cataract and phthisis bulbi after laser photoablation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129: Kretzer FL, Mehta RS, Johnson AT, et al. Vitamin E protects against retinopathy of prematurity through action on spindle cells. Nature 1984; 309: Brown GC, Tasman WS, NaidoffM, et al: Systemic complications associated with retinal cryoablation for retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 1990; 97: Wheatley CM, Dickinson JL, Mackey DA, Craig JE, Sale MM: Retinopathy of prematurity: recent advances in our understanding. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86: Ganesh A, Nair M, Mitra S: Retinopathy of Prematurity. An Update. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2001; 15 (3): Steinkuller PG, Du L Gilbert C, et al: Childhood blindness. JAAPOS 1999; 3: QATAR MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL. 14 / NO. 2 / NOVEMBER
Pulsed mode versus near-continuous mode delivery of diode laser photocoagulation for high-risk retinopathy of prematurity
Pulsed mode versus near-continuous mode delivery of diode laser photocoagulation for high-risk retinopathy of prematurity Evelyn A. Paysse, MD, a,b Mohamed A.W. Hussein, MD, a Aaron M. Miller, MD, a Kathryn
More informationStructural outcomes of eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated with laser therapy or cryotherapy
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Structural outcomes of eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated with laser therapy or cryotherapy Wai-Ho Chan, FCOphthHK, FHKAM (Ophth), Chi-Kin Ho, FCOphthHK, FHKAM (Ophth),
More informationRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of retinal
INVITED COMMENTARY Retinopathy of Prematurity Alice L. Bashinsky Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder unique to premature infants. As premature births increase in many
More informationRetinopathy of Prematurity. Objectives. Normal Retina Development. ROP Pathogenesis 6/8/2018. Thomas W. Hejkal, MD, PhD Eye Consultants, PC
Retinopathy of Prematurity Thomas W. Hejkal, MD, PhD Eye Consultants, PC Chair Emeritus Department of Ophthalmology UNMC drhejkal@eyeconsultantspc.com (No commercial interests) Objectives Identify risk
More informationNon-ophthalmologist screening for retinopathy of prematurity
130 Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:130 134 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Clinical science N Edgar Miles Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
More informationGrand Rounds. Jenny Temnogorod SUNY Downstate Medical Center Department of Ophthalmology September 19, 2013
Grand Rounds Jenny Temnogorod SUNY Downstate Medical Center Department of Ophthalmology September 19, 2013 History and Examination HPI: 2 day old SGA (small for gestational age, 37 weeks, BWt. 1760g) with
More informationINFANTS WITH birth weights less
CLINICAL SCIENCES of Retinopathy of Prematurity Michael X. Repka, MD; Earl A. Palmer, MD; Betty Tung, MS; for the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group Objective: To report the timing
More informationFINAL RESULTS OF THE EARLY TREATMENT FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ETROP) RANDOMIZED TRIAL
FINAL RESULTS OF THE EARLY TREATMENT FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ETROP) RANDOMIZED TRIAL BY William V. Good MD,* on behalf of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group ABSTRACT
More informationChildhood blindness due to ROP
Childhood blindness due to ROP Number of blind children/10 million pop, by cause and level of development Proportion of blindness due to ROP, by World Bank region Estimates of numbers blind from ROP, by
More informationClassification of ROP
Classification of ROP Thomas Lee 2 Keywords Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) Threshold ROP Plus disease Neovascularization Avascular retina Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an iatrogenic disease. Prior
More informationScreening for retinopathy of prematurity at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia a preliminary report
ACTA MEDICA LITUANICA. 2006. VOLUME 13 No. 3. P. 165 170 Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2006 Screening for retinopathy of prematurity at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia... 165 Lietuvos mokslų
More informationDiode Laser Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Outcomes After 7 Years of Treatment
Diode Laser Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Outcomes After 7 Years of Treatment Simona-Delia Nicoara; Cristina Cristian, MD; Iulian Irimescu, MD; Anne-Claudia Stefanut, MD, PhD; Gabriela
More informationMulticenter Study of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) Publications
Multicenter Study of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) Publications Bartholomew PA, Chao J, Evans JL, Hammel AM, Trueb AL, Verness JL, Dobson V, Quinn GE. Acceptance/Use of the Teller
More informationCriteria for the timing of the initial retinal examination to screen for retinopathy of prematurity
VOL. 35 NO. PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF Ophthalmology JANUARY ORIGINAL ARTICLE JUNE 00 Milagros H. Arroyo, MD, MPH - Dino L. Camonias, MD Andrea Kristina Monzon-Pajarillo, MD Farlah Angela M. Salvosa-Sevilla,
More informationScreening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity (1) Overview material Release Date 2006 Status Available in Electronic Format Available in Print Format Bibliographic citation
More informationEarly Human Development
Early Human Development 88 (2012) 937 941 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Early Human Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earlhumdev Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity
More informationLaser Therapy Versus Anti-VEGF Agents for Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Ilya Leskov, MD, PhD Shizuo Mukai, MD
Laser Therapy Versus Anti-VEGF Agents for Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity Ilya Leskov, MD, PhD Shizuo Mukai, MD Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by abnormal retinal
More informationThree year visual outcome for treated stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity: cryotherapy versus laser
1254 Department of Ophthalmology, Walton Hospital, Liverpool I A Pearce F C Pennie L M Gannon D I Clark Neonatal Unit, Liverpool Women s Hospital, Liverpool A M Weindling Correspondence to: Mr D I Clark,
More informationPros and Cons in the use of AntiVEGF therapy in ROP
MEDICAL SCHOOL FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE BRAZIL Pros and Cons in the use of AntiVEGF therapy in ROP João Borges Fortes Filho MD, PhD Professor of Ophthalmology DESPITE THE GREATER
More informationR etinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a condition confined
F240 ORIGINAL ARTICLE UK population based study of severe retinopathy of prematurity: screening, treatment, and outcome L Haines, A R Fielder, H Baker, A R Wilkinson... See end of article for authors affiliations...
More informationLate-onset Retinal Detachment Associated with Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity
Late-onset Retinal Detachment Associated with Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity Hiroko Terasaki*, and Tatsuo Hirose* *Schepens Retina Associates, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School,
More informationTreatment of retinopathy of prematurity
Early Human Development (2008) 84, 95 99 available at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/earlhumdev BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINE ARTICLE David Clark, K. Mandal Aintree NHS Hospitals Trust, UK KEYWORDS
More informationDiabetes & Your Eyes
Diabetes & Your Eyes Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or the body is unable to process it properly. Insulin is the hormone that regulates the level of
More informationIncidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in the West Black Sea region, Turkey
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 2012; 54: 113-118 Original Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in the West Black Sea region, Turkey Atilla Alpay, Suat Hayri Uğurbaş Department of
More informationDistribution of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Its Risk Factors
Original Article Iran J Pediatr Jnu 2011; Vol 21 (No 2), Pp: 209-214 Distribution of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Its Risk Factors Amirkhosro Ghaseminejad *1, MD, and Pedram Niknafs 2, MD 1. Department
More informationA LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN SOUTH INDIA
A LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN SOUTH INDIA Mary Thomas 1, Sri Gautham Bodduluri 2, Krishnaja Mandava 3, M. Muthayya 4, Binu Ninan 5 1Associate
More informationmeasure of your overall performance. An isolated glucose test is helpful to let you know what your sugar level is at one moment, but it doesn t tell you whether or not your diabetes is under adequate control
More informationOverview. Retinal vascularisation during development. Classification of ROP. Visual loss from retinopathy of prematurity: first global estimates
Visual loss from retinopathy of prematurity: first global estimates Overview ROP - the condition, risk factors and control ROP as a cause of visual loss Earlier estimates New global estimates MARCH seminar,
More informationDiabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. In the United States, it is the most common cause of blindness in people younger than 65 years.
More informationRetinopathy of Prematurity: A Visually Impairing Disorder Name English 12 Section 35 Professor Marchbanks September 29, 2005
Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Visually Impairing Disorder Name English 12 Section 35 Professor Marchbanks September 29, 2005 1 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a visually impairing disorder which occurs
More informationIntraocular Pressure Variations after Diode Laser Photocoagulation for Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity
Intraocular Pressure Variations after Diode Laser Photocoagulation for Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity Ruth Axer-Siegel, MD, 1,5 Dan Bourla, MD, 1 Ronit Friling, MD, 2 Benjamin Shalev, MD, 2 Lea Sirota,
More informationOriginal Article Clinical effects of laser photocoagulation in 160 cases of retinopathy of prematurity
Int J Clin Exp Med 2016;9(2):2813-2821 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0016152 Original Article Clinical effects of laser photocoagulation in 160 cases of retinopathy of prematurity Caiping Shi, Ji
More informationDiabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy Introduction People with diabetes are more likely to have eye problems that can lead to blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease of the eye s retina that is caused by diabetes.
More informationRecurrence of ROP after Anti-VEGF Therapy: How Many, Which Ones, When, What, Where
Recurrence of ROP after Anti-VEGF Therapy: How Many, Which Ones, When, What, Where Helen Mintz-Hittner, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of Texas-Health Science Center-Houston
More information10. ADVANCED RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Guidelines to be followed by centres, services and units in order to be designated as Reference Centres, Services and Units of the National Health System as agreed by the Interterritorial Board. 10. ADVANCED
More informationClinical Study Macular Development in Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity
BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 808639, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/808639 Clinical Study Macular Development in Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity Hemang
More informationX-Plain Diabetic Retinopathy Reference Summary
X-Plain Diabetic Retinopathy Reference Summary Introduction Patients with diabetes are more likely to have eye problems that can lead to blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease of the eye s retina
More informationPCMCH ROP Screening Guidelines
PCMCH ROP Screening Guidelines An expert panel convened by PCMCH (the ROP Work Group) recommends the Canadian Paediatric Society s 2010 guidelines be adopted as Ontario s screening guidelines for ROP.
More informationEvaluating the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study (CRYO-ROP) (REPRINTED) ARCH OPHTHALMOL / VOL 125 (NO.
Cryotherapy proved to be far less successful in zone 1 disease than in zone 2 disease, where fortunately greater than 75% of the disease occurs. It is important to note that unfavorable outcomes as stage
More informationSurgical Results and Visual Outcomes of Vitreous Surgery for Advanced Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Surgical Results and Visual Outcomes of Vitreous Surgery for Advanced Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity Toshihiro Kono, Kenji Oshima and Yuki Fuchino Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine,
More informationStudy By Screening Of High Risk Patients For Retinopathy Of Prematurity: Our Experience & Review
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-086.Volume 7, Issue 3 Ver.9 March. (208), PP 56-64 www.iosrjournals.org Study By Screening Of High Risk Patients
More informationRecurrent intraocular hemorrhage secondary to cataract wound neovascularization (Swan Syndrome)
Recurrent intraocular hemorrhage secondary to cataract wound neovascularization (Swan Syndrome) John J. Chen MD, PhD; Young H. Kwon MD, PhD August 6, 2012 Chief complaint: Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage,
More informationRetinal Tear and Detachment
Retinal Tear and Detachment Introduction The retina is the layer of tissue in the back of the eye that is responsible for vision. It is attached to the choroid tissue, which supplies the retina with blood.
More informationThe Human Eye. Cornea Iris. Pupil. Lens. Retina
The Retina Thin layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the film of the camera). Light rays are focused on the retina then transmitted to the brain. The macula is the very small area in
More informationRetinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso- proliferative disorder of the retina among preterm infants. Neonates born at less than 32 weeks of gestation are at risk of
More informationRETINOPATHY OF PREMATUrity
CLINICAL SCIENCES Longitudinal Postnatal Weight Measurements for the Prediction of Retinopathy of Prematurity Carolyn Wu, MD; Deborah K. VanderVeen, MD; Ann Hellström, MD, PhD; Chatarina Löfqvist, PhD;
More informationRetinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
37 Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso-proliferative disorder of the retina among preterm infants.neonates born at less than 32 weeks of gestation are at risk of
More informationProliferative diabetic retinopathy
Brit. J. Ophthal. (1970) 54, 535 Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Regression of optic disc neovascularization after retinal photocoagulation ENID TAYLOR Ophthalmic Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital,
More informationClinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME)
Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) 1 Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) Sadrina T. Shaw OMT I Student July 26, 2014 Advisor: Dr. Uwaydat Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) 2
More informationNatural history of retinopathy of prematurity
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1987, 71, 837-843 Natural history of retinopathy of prematurity W E SCHULENBURG, A PRENDIVILLE, AND R OHRI From the Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics, Hammersmith
More informationStudy of Incidence, Clinical Staging and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rural Area
Original Article Study of Incidence, Clinical Staging and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rural Area Neeraj Gupta, Narendra P Datti, *Beeregowda Y, Kanthamani Krishnappa, Krishnamurthy D
More informationYear 2 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Ophthalmoscopy. Reviewed & ratified by: Mr M Batterbury Consultant Ophthalmologist
Year 2 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Ophthalmoscopy Reviewed & ratified by: o Mr M Batterbury Consultant Ophthalmologist Learning objectives o To understand the anatomy and physiology of the external and
More informationDiabetic retinopathy damage to the blood vessels in the retina. Cataract clouding of the eye s lens. Cataracts develop at an earlier age in people
Diabetic Retinopathy What is diabetic eye disease? Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that people with diabetes may face as a complication of diabetes. All can cause severe vision loss
More informationOFF-LABEL USE OF INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN) FOR SALVAGE TREATMENT IN PROGRESSIVE THRESHOLD RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
OFF-LABEL USE OF INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN) FOR SALVAGE TREATMENT IN PROGRESSIVE THRESHOLD RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY GEETA A. LALWANI, MD, AUDINA M. BERROCAL, MD, TIMOTHY G. MURRAY, MD, MBA, MARIA
More informationUniversal Newborn Eye Screening
Universal Newborn Eye Screening Nil financial disclosure Samantha Simkin Paediatric visual impairment 19 million children worldwide are visually impaired 1 1.4 million children are blind 1 Social, economic
More informationOcular Pathology. I. Congenital and/or developmental. A. Trisomy 21. Hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes) Keratoconus (cone shaped cornea)
I. Congenital and/or developmental Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6 th Ed. A. Trisomy 21 Hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes) Keratoconus (cone shaped cornea) Focal hypoplasia of iris Cataracts frequently
More informationDiabetic Retinopathy A Presentation for the Public
Diabetic Retinopathy A Presentation for the Public Ray M. Balyeat, MD The Eye Institute Tulsa, Oklahoma The Healthy Eye Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, pupil and lens. These light rays are
More informationBrampton Hurontario Street Brampton, ON L6Y 0P6
Diabetic Retinopathy What is Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness world-wide. Diabetes damages blood vessels in many organs of the body including the eyes.
More informationUNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT UVEITIS UVEITIS
UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT UVEITIS UVEITIS Uveitis What is uveitis? Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of your eye. The eye is shaped much like a tennis ball, with three different layers
More informationScreening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity
POLICY STATEMENT Organizational Principles to Guide and Define the Child Health Care System and/or Improve the Health of all Children Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity
More informationPART 1: GENERAL RETINAL ANATOMY
PART 1: GENERAL RETINAL ANATOMY General Anatomy At Ora Serrata At Optic Nerve Head Fundoscopic View Of Normal Retina What Is So Special About Diabetic Retinopathy? The WHO definition of blindness is
More informationOCCLUSIVE VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE RETINA
OCCLUSIVE VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE RETINA Learning outcomes By the end of this lecture the students would be able to Classify occlusive vascular disorders (OVD) of the retina. Correlate the clinical features
More informationEarly retinopathy of prematurity findings identified with fluorescein angiography
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol (2013) 251:2093 2097 DOI 10.1007/s00417-013-2321-8 RETINAL DISORDERS Early retinopathy of prematurity findings identified with fluorescein angiography L. Consuelo Zepeda-Romero
More informationClinical Study Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Premature Infants
ISRN Pediatrics, Article ID 134347, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/134347 Clinical Study Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Premature Infants Alparslan Fahin, Muhammed Fahin,
More informationForm 6: Baby Outcomes Outcomes at THIS hospital
Form 6: Baby Outcomes Outcomes at THIS hospital Please complete in black ballpoint pen Hospital name: Form 6: Baby Outcomes Please complete this form when a Baby-OSCAR participant is transferred to another
More informationSupplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP-ROP), A Randomized, Controlled Trial. I: Primary Outcomes
PEDIATRICS Feb 2000 VOL. 105 NO. 2 Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP-ROP), A Randomized, Controlled Trial. I: Primary Outcomes The STOP-ROP Multicenter Study
More informationROP. Therapies. Current. Randomizing infants to receive either retinal laser or intravitreal. How Laser and Anti-VEGF Compare
Current ROP How Laser and Anti-VEGF Compare Therapies With the publication of the BEAT-ROP study results in 2011, some clinicians were inclined to jump on the bevacizumab bandwagon, while others held back,
More informationScrub In. What is the function of vitreous humor? What does the pupil do when exposed to bright light? a. Maintain eye shape and provide color vision
Scrub In What is the function of vitreous humor? a. Maintain eye shape and provide color vision b. Maintain eye shape and refract light rays c. Provide night vision and color vision d. Provide night vision
More informationFRANZCO, MD, MBBS. Royal Darwin Hospital
Diabetes and Eye By Dr. Nishantha Wijesinghe FRANZCO, MD, MBBS Consultant Ophthalmologist Royal Darwin Hospital 98% of Diabetics do not need to suffer from severe visual loss Yet Diabetic eye disease is
More informationROLE OF LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION VERSUS INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN ANGIOGRAPHIC MACULAR EDEMA IN DIABETES MELLITUS
ORIGINAL ARTICLE ROLE OF LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION VERSUS INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN ANGIOGRAPHIC MACULAR EDEMA IN DIABETES MELLITUS Aggarwal Somesh VP 1, Shah Sonali N 2, Bharwada Rekha M 3,
More informationOUR EYES & HOW WE SEE
OUR EYES & HOW WE SEE UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT OUR EYES & HOW WE SEE Our Eyes & How We See The eye is our visual gateway to the world. Within it, an array of delicate components labour away to give us the
More informationCLINICAL SCIENCES. Rajeev H. Muni, MD, FRCSC; Radha P. Kohly, MD, FRCSC, PhD; Alexander C. Charonis, MD; Thomas C. Lee, MD
CLINICL SCIENCES Retinoschisis Detected With Handheld Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Neonates With dvanced Retinopathy of Prematurity Rajeev H. Muni, MD, FRCSC; Radha P. Kohly, MD, FRCSC,
More informationRETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: LATE COMPLICATIONS IN THE BABY BOOMER GENERATION ( )
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: LATE COMPLICATIONS IN THE BABY BOOMER GENERATION (1946 1964) BY Bradley T. Smith MD AND William S. Tasman MD* ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the natural history and late complications
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,800 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationCURRICULUM VITAE. (713) (O) B.S. in Biology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, R.O.C., 1974
CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: Betty P. Tung BIRTH DATE: November 23, 1951 OFFICE (713) 500-9549(O) Betty.p.tung@uth.tmc.edu EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: B.S. in Biology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, R.O.C.,
More informationNEPTUNE RED BANK BRICK
NEPTUNE RED BANK BRICK Diabetes & The Eye Diabetics are more likely to develop Cataracts at a younger age. Diabetics are twice as likely to develop Glaucoma when compared to non-diabetics. The primary
More informationUltrasonographic Findings in Eyes with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Malaysia
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ultrasonographic Findings in Eyes with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Malaysia Lee Kok Foo, MMed (Ophthal)*, Abdul Rahim Adlina, MMed (Ophthal)*, Raja Azmi Mohd Noor, MSurg (Ophthal)*,
More informationProtocol. This trial protocol has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.
Protocol This trial protocol has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Protocol for: Mintz-Hittner HA, Kennedy KA, Chuang AZ. Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab
More informationRETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: INVOLUTION, FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO RETINAL DETACHMENT, AND EXPECTED UTILITY OF PREEMPTIVE SURGICAL REINTERVENTION
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: INVOLUTION, FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO RETINAL DETACHMENT, AND EXPECTED UTILITY OF PREEMPTIVE SURGICAL REINTERVENTION BY David K. Coats MD ABSTRACT Purpose: To characterize involution
More informationDETECTION OF THE ROP
THE EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE OF DETECTION OF THE ROP OPS/PAHO XII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KMC PEDRO J. ACEVEDO G., M.D OFTALMOLOGIA PEDIÁTRICA Y ESTRABISMO ROP: LEADING CAUSE OF CHILD BLINDNESS UNITED
More informationLong-Term Visual Outcome in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients After Panretinal Photocoagulation
Long-Term Visual Outcome in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients After Panretinal Photocoagulation Murat Dogru, Makoto Nakamura, Masanori Inoue and Misao Yamamoto Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe
More informationShedding Light on Pediatric Cataracts. Kimberly G. Yen, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Texas Children s Hospital
Shedding Light on Pediatric Cataracts Kimberly G. Yen, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Texas Children s Hospital A newborn infant presents with bilateral white cataracts. What is the best age to
More informationIndex. Note: Page numbers with f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively.
Index Note: Page numbers with f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively. A Action Plan on Eye Health VISION 2020 Latin America, 140 Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP), 21,
More informationoptic disc neovascularisation
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1979, 63, 412-417 A comparative study of argon laser and krypton laser in the treatment of diabetic optic disc neovascularisation W. E. SCHULENBURG, A. M. HAMILTON, AND
More informationRETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) IS A RETINAL
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Refractive Error Results BJÖRN C. HARDER, FRANK C. SCHLICHTENBREDE, STEFAN VON BALTZ, WALDEMAR JENDRITZA, BETTINA JENDRITZA, AND JOST B. JONAS PURPOSE:
More informationVisual Conditions in Infants and Toddlers Session 3
Visual Conditions and Functional Vision: Early Intervention Issues Visual Conditions in Infants and Toddlers Session 3 The Infants and Toddlers With Visual Impairments Objectives After completing this
More informationOUTCOMES AFTER LASER VERSUS COMBINED LASER AND BEVACIZUMAB TREATMENT FOR TYPE 1 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN ZONE I
OUTCOMES AFTER LASER VERSUS COMBINED LASER AND BEVACIZUMAB TREATMENT FOR TYPE 1 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN ZONE I JE MOON YOON, MD,* DONG HOON SHIN, MD,* SANG JIN KIM, MD, PHD,* DON-IL HAM, MD, PHD,*
More informationCOMPARISON OF INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION VS LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION IN ANGIOGRAPHIC MACULAR EDEMA IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Original Article COMPARISON OF INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION VS LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION IN ANGIOGRAPHIC MACULAR EDEMA IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Aggarwal Somesh V 1, Shah Sonali N 2, Bharwada Rekha
More informationKPA PFIZER EDUCATION GRANT
KPA PFIZER EDUCATION GRANT What every Paediatrician needs to know in Paediatric Ophthalmology Dr. Njambi Ombaba Paediatricians knowledge in ophthalmology Outline Visual development in a child Amblyopia
More informationAntivascular endothelial growth factor for retinopathy of prematurity Helen A. Mintz-Hittner a and Leah M. Best b
Antivascular endothelial growth factor for retinopathy of prematurity Helen A. Mintz-Hittner a and Leah M. Best b a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center,
More informationDiabetes Eye Q Quiz. 1) Diabetes is the leading cause of new blindness among adults in the US under the age of 74.
Diabetes Eye Q Quiz From 1997 to 2011, the number of adults with diagnosed diabetes who reported visual impairment, that is, trouble seeing even with their glasses or contact lenses, increased from 2.7
More informationPerspectives on Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy. Dr. Dan Samaha, Optometrist, MSc Clinical Lecturer School of Optometry, Université de Montréal
Perspectives on Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy 1 Dr. Dan Samaha, Optometrist, MSc Clinical Lecturer School of Optometry, Université de Montréal Current standards 2 According to the Canadian Diabetes
More informationPediatric Ocular Sonography
Pediatric Ocular Sonography Cicero J Torres A Silva, MD Associate Professor of Radiology 2016 SPR Pediatric Ultrasound Course Yale University School of Medicine None Disclosures Objectives of Presentation
More information2/26/2017. Sameh Galal. M.D, FRCS Glasgow. Lecturer of Ophthalmology Research Institute of Ophthalmology
Sameh Galal M.D, FRCS Glasgow Lecturer of Ophthalmology Research Institute of Ophthalmology No financial interest in the subject presented 1 Managing cataracts in children remains a challenge. Treatment
More informationA Patient s Guide to Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy A Patient s Guide to Diabetic Retinopathy 840 Walnut Street, Philadelphia PA 19107 www.willseye.org Diabetic Retinopathy 1. Definition Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes
More informationEyePACS Grading System (Part 3): Detecting Proliferative (Neovascular) Diabetic Retinopathy. George Bresnick MD MPA Jorge Cuadros OD PhD
EyePACS Grading System (Part 3): Detecting Proliferative (Neovascular) Diabetic Retinopathy George Bresnick MD MPA Jorge Cuadros OD PhD Anatomy of the eye: 3 Normal Retina Retinal Arcades Macula Optic
More informationEye diseases in infancy and early childhood
Eye diseases in infancy and early childhood Contents: a. Visual development and assessment of vision in infancy and childhood. b. The infant with whitish pupil. c. The infant with watery eye. d. Prematurity
More informationSpeaker Disclosure Statement. " Dr. Tim Maillet and Dr. Vladimir Kozousek have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Speaker Disclosure Statement Dr. Tim Maillet and Dr. Vladimir Kozousek have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Diabetes Morbidity Diabetes doubles the risk of stroke. Diabetes quadruples the risk of
More information