Diabetes in Older Adults
|
|
- Erin Anderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Diabetes in Older Adults Karin Willis, MD UND Center for Family Medicine, Bismarck March 31, 2017 Demographics From 1995 to 2004 Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in nursing home residents increased 16% to 23% In 2012 Prevalence (across multiple studies) ranged from 25-34% A 4.5-fold projected increase in diagnosed diabetes in those aged >65 by 2050 Increasing incidence and detection, decreasing mortality, and aging of the Baby Boomers contribute to the increase in diabetes prevalence over the next 2-3 decades 1
2 Pathogenesis of Diabetes in Older Adults Poor nutrition Genetics Medications Reduced insulin secretion Increased adipose tissue Decreased physical activity Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes and Prediabetes in nonpregnant adults Normal High Risk for Diabetes Diabetes FPG <100 mg/dl FPG mg/dl FPG 126 mg/dl 2-h PG <140 mg/dl 2-h PG mg/dl 2-h PG 200 mg/dl A1C < 5.5% A1C % A1C >6.5% ** American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists / American College of Endocrinology (April 4, 2015) 2
3 Demographics Same spectrum of macrovascular and microvascular complications risks as their younger counterparts High risk for Polypharmacy Functional disabilities Cognitive impairment Depression Falls with injury Persistent pain Urinary incontinence Is intensive glycemic control recommended for older adults? 50% 50% No Ye s A. Yes B. No 3
4 Management Goals in Older Adults Primary goal of diabetes management for older adults ACHIEVE A BALANCE Optimal glycemic control to slow/prevent disease complications VS Avoiding hypoglycemia and its consequences Heterogenous population Strategy must account for disparities in health and ability: Living independently in communities VS Assisted care facilities VS Nursing homes Fit and healthy VS Frail with many comorbidities 4
5 Glycemic Goals Few data specifically addressing optimal glycemic targets in older adults Should be based on patient s overall health and predicted period of survival Risk of complications is duration-dependent In absence of long-term clinical trial data, the following glycemic goals have been adapted from the American Diabetes Association Should older adults be placed on a statin? 33% 33% 33% de pe nd s It No Ye s A. Yes B. No C. It depends 5
6 Glycemic Goals Healthy Adults A1C <7.5 Few co-existing chronic illnesses (serious enough to require medication or lifestyle management, e.g. arthritis, cancer, CHF, depression, COPD, falls, chronic renal failure) Intact cognitive status Intact functional status Fasting/Postprandial glucose: mg/dl Bedtime glucose: mg/dl BP: <140/90 Statin (unless not tolerated) Glycemic Goals Complex/Intermediate Health A1C <8 Multiple co-existing chronic illnesses Mild-moderate cognitive impairment 2+ IADLS * Fasting/Postprandial glucose: mg/dl Bedtime glucose: mg/dl BP: <150/90 Statin (unless not tolerated) * Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: functioning in travelling, shopping, housework, managing finances, using the telephone, taking medications 6
7 Glycemic Goals Very Complex/Poor Health A1C <8.5 LTC care residents End-stage chronic illnesses Moderate-severe cognitive impairment 2+ ADL** dependencies Fasting/Postprandial glucose: mg/dl Bedtime glucose: mg/dl BP: <150/90 Consider stopping statin if expected longevity less than 1 year ** Activities of Daily Living: measures the 5 basic functions of bathing, toileting, dressing, transferring, and eating Rationale for Varying Goals Life expectancy Hypoglycemia vulnerability = Traumatic falls and exacerbation of comorbid conditions Fall risk Uncertain benefits of tight glycemic control in advanced stages of poor health Goals are consistent with the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the European Diabetes Working party guidelines 7
8 ACCORD Trial 2008 Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Randomized 10,251 patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes to either intensive (A1C <6%) or standard glycemic control (A1C 7-7.9%) Trial stopped early (3.7 years) because intensive glycemic control was associated with increased all-cause and CV mortality Suggests that intensive therapy in persons at high risk for CVD, and especially polypharmacy may be at increased risk A1C Measurement A1C may be inaccurate in several common situations seen in older adults (conditions that shorten erythrocyte survival or decrease mean erythrocyte age) Anemia (acute blood loss, hemolytic) falsely lower A1C Iron deficiency anemia falsely higher A1C Chronic kidney disease a number of confounding variables affect this Recent transfusions Erythropoietin infusions and IV iron falsely lower A1C Recent acute illness or hospitalization Chronic liver disease Alternative forms of testing: glycated serum protein or glycated albumin Incumbent on the clinician to know when A1C result should be questioned, e.g. when value at variance with patient s self-monitoring blood glucose values or if there has been an acute change in A1C 8
9 What are 3 risk factors for hypoglycemia in the older adult? Avoiding Hypoglycemia Recent studies suggest that hypoglycemia poses significant health threats to older adults Glucose-lowering agents have been implicated in onefourth of emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older adults, nearly all of them for hypoglycemia Hospital admissions for hypoglycemia surpass those for hyperglycemia among Medicare beneficiaries Even mild hypoglycemia may lead to adverse outcomes Dizziness, weakness Equals falls with fractures 9
10 Avoiding Hypoglycemia Older adults tend to have more neuroglycopenic manifestations of hypoglycemia Dizziness Weakness Confusion / disorientation /delirium Poor concentration and coordination May be misconstrued as primary neurologic, e.g. TIA Avoiding Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia may increase risk of adverse CV events cardiac autonomic dysfunction / cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) Most common in patients with diabetes A serious medical condition that creates instability in HR control + complications with central and peripheral vascular dynamics Linked to a significantly greater risk of mortality to autonomic performance of the heart. Patients with CAN often experience asymptomatic (silent) ischemia, MI, decreased likelihood of survival after MI Symptoms may be subtle and occur late in the course of diabetes Symptoms include abnormal exercise-induced CV performance, postural hypotension, cardiac denervation syndrome Complex reflex pathways Formal CV stress testing may be prudent before initiating and exercise program in such patients 10
11 Medications to use with caution ** To avoid hypoglycemia, particularly in frail older adults Insulin secretagogues, e.g. sulfonylureas and meglitinides All types of insulin Hyperglycemia Persistent hyperglycemia Increases risks of Dehydration Electrolyte abnormalities Urinary incontinence Dizziness Falls Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome 11
12 What is the leading cause of death in older adults with diabetes? Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Absolute CVD risk much higher than in younger adults Both diabetes and age are major risk factors for coronary artery disease Heart disease is the leading cause of death by far in older patients with diabetes No good studies on how to reduce this risk specifically in the older population As with glycemic control, benefit of CV risk reduction depends on patient s frailty, overall health, and projected survival 12
13 Name 3 ways to reduce cardiovascular risk in older adults? Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Areas of focus Smoking cessation Treatment of hypertension Treatment of hyperlipidemia Aspirin therapy Exercise 13
14 Statin Therapy Recommend use of a statin unless contraindicated to lower cholesterol ACCORD Trial: No benefit to adding a fenofibrate to statin therapy in diabetes patients who were high risk Keep in mind: Statins reduce risk of CV events quickly, within weeks to months, so can have significant benefits even in patients with reduced lifesspan Goals for lipid management should be adjusted based on Life Expectancy Comorbidities Cognitive Status Personal preferences Is taking a daily aspirin more beneficial in reducing CV risk in patients LESS than age 65 or those older than 65? 50% 50% No Ye s A. Yes B. No 14
15 Aspirin Therapy Daily aspirin to reduce macrovascular disease Meta-analysis of a large number of secondary prevention trials: Absolute benefit of aspirin greatest in those over 65 years with diabetes or diastolic hypertension Exercise Helps maintain physical function Reduces cardiac risk Improves insulin sensitivity Improves body composition and arthritic pain Reduces falls and depression Increases strength and balance Enhances quality of life Improves survival 15
16 Exercise Studies of frail older adults support: Weight training should be included in addition to aerobic exercise Referral to exercise physiologist of physical therapist for muscle strengthening and balance training in a safe environment (if indicated) New Diagnosis of Hyperglycemia: Initial Treatment Nutrition Physical activity Optimizing glycemic control Preventing complications Weight reduction through diet, exercise, and behavioral modification 16
17 What is the first medication you would choose for a newly diagnosed diabetic if A1C was <9.0? Metformin Should be initiated at time of diabetes diagnosis May first do 3-6 month trial of lifestyle modification if patient wishes to avoid medication If contraindications to metformin, consider shortacting sulfonylurea (glipizide) as an alternative 17
18 Should you attempt to put your patient in the nursing home or other long-term care facility on a diabetic diet? 50% 50% A. Yes B. No No Ye s Why, or why not? Medical nutrition therapy Therapeutic approach to treating medical conditions Diet devised and monitored by a medical doctor, registered dietitian or professional nutritionist Diet is based on patient s medical history, physical exam, functional exam, dietary history Goal: To reduce the risks of developing complications in pre-existing conditions, such as type 2 diabetes 18
19 Medical Nutrition Therapy In a randomized trial of MNT in adults >65 years of age, intervention group had significantly greater improvements in fasting plasma glucose (-18.9 vs -1.4 mg/dl) and A1C (-0.5 percentage points vs no change) than control patients. Medical Nutrition Therapy Challenges to be considered before developing meal plans: Altered taste Coexisting illnesses and dietary restrictions Compromised dentition Altered GI function Difficulty with food shopping and preparation Memory decline leading to skipped meals In general, avoid complex dietary and treatment regimens 19
20 Medical Nutrition Therapy Restrictive therapeutic diets should be minimized Liberal diet plans are associated with improved food and beverage intake, and avoidance of: Dehydration Unintentional weight loss / decreased food intake While carbohydrate intake should be taken into consideration, no concentrated sweets or no sugar diet orders are ineffective for glycemic management and are not recommended. Medical Nutrition Therapy Other considerations Obesity May benefit from caloric restriction Increase physical activity Goal weight loss: approximately 5% pf body weight Undernutrition Weight loss increases risk of morbidity and mortality in older adults Unintentional weight loss 20
21 Metformin What are its most important 1. Benefits? 2. Side effects? 3. Contraindications? And How often should you monitor renal function in older adults? Medication Metformin Reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis; decreases intestinal glucose absorption, enhances sensitivity to insulin Contraindications, e.g. renal impairment, acute CHF GFR must be >30 ml/min Reduce dose no more than 1,000 mg/d for GFR ml/min Likely to safely reduce glycemia at any level May reduce progression of hyperglycemia 21
22 Metformin May reduce likelihood of developing diabetes-related complications Low risk of hypoglycemia Side effects: GI upset, lactic acidosis (increased risk in case of MI, stroke, pneumonia, heart failure); stop taking if become ill for any reason, of if undergoing procedure requiring iodinated contrast Monitor renal function every 3-6 months, rather than annually Sulfonylureas What are their most important 1. Benefits? 2. Side effects? 3. Contraindications? And How often should you monitor renal function in older adults? 22
23 Sulfonylureas Use if contraindication or intolerance to metformin Lower glucose primarily by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Use short-acting, e.g. glipizide Glyburide is not recommended in cases of renal dysfunction as most likely to accumulate and cause hypoglycemia Benefits: universally available, efficacy in lowering glucose, low cost Risks: hypoglycemia, weight gain Long-acting sulfonylurea drugs -- chlorpropamide, glyburide, and glimepiride more likely to cause severe, prolonged hypoglycemia Meglitinides Starlix (nateglinide), Prandin (repaglinide) Stimulate pancreatic islet beta cell insulin release Require more frequent administration (with meals), and are more expensive than sulfonylureas Because pharmacologically distinct from sulfonylureas, may be used if allergy to sulfonylureas Principally metabolized by the liver; may be considered as initial therapy in patient with CKD Because of their short-acting nature, should be taken to prior meals, and skipped if patient omits a meal Therefore, may be challenging for older patients, esp if have an organized pillbox 23
24 Insulin What are its most important 1. Benefits? 2. Side effects? 3. Contraindications? Insulin May be considered as initial therapy for all patients, but esp those presenting with: A1C >9 percent Fasting plasma glucose >250 mg/dl Random glucose consistently >300 mg/dl Ketonuria 24
25 Insulin Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, inhibits hepatic glucose production, inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, regulating glucose metabolism Risk category for hypoglycemia: moderate to severe Side Effect: weight gain, hypoglycemia Medications Few data specifically addressing drug therapy in older patients In general, oral and injectable agents with low risk of hypoglycemia are preferred in older adults Pharmacologic therapy should be individualized based patient: Abilities Comorbidities Start low, go slow 25
26 Drug-induced hypoglycemia More likely to occur: After exercise or a missed meal If eating poorly or abusing alcohol If impaired renal or cardiac function or GI disease During therapy with salicylates, sulfonamides, fibric acid derivatives (e.g. gemfibrozil) and warfarin Evaluate side effects of any medications, esp hypoglycemic episodes, at each visit DDP-4 inhibitor What are its most important 1. Benefits? 2. Side effects? 3. Contraindications? 26
27 DDP-4 inhibitors Examples: Januvia (sitagliptin), Galvus (vildagliptin), Onglyza (saxagliptin), Tradjenta (linagliptin), Nesina (alogliptin) Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4, slowing incretin metabolism, increasing insulin synthesis/release, decreasing glucagon levels Once a day oral agents No risk of hypoglycemia, weight-neutral Usually lower A1C levels only by 0.6 percent (similar to sulfonylurea) Long-term safety not established, relatively expensive Hyperglycemia If glycemic goals not met with single agent, evaluate for contributing causes: Side effects Poor understanding of the nutrition plan Difficulty following medication regimen Pill dispensers Family members or caregivers to help administer medication 27
28 Name four age related factors that can affect the management of diabetes in older adults. Age-Related Challenges to Diabetes Control Altered senses Difficulties in preparing/eating food Decreased mobility/exercise Altered renal/hepatic function Altered circulation Co-morbidities Polypharmacy Social changes Unintentional weight loss 28
29 Hyperglycemia Addition of basal insulin carefully titrated to avoid hypoglycemia Combination of other medications that can be used with a sulfonylurea: DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, alpha glucosidase inhibitors Hyperglycemia Dual agent failure: Consider starting or intensifying insulin therapy In patients on sulfonylureas and metformin who are starting insulin therapy, sulfonylureas are generally tapered and discontinued, while metformin is continued Another option: 2 oral agents + GLP-1 receptor agonist 29
30 GLP-1 inhibitor What are its most important 1. Benefits? 2. Side effects? 3. Contraindications / Cautions? GLP-1 receptor agonist Examples: Byetta/Bydureon (exenatide), liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda), albiglutide (Tanzeum), dulaglutide (Trulicity) Activates glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon secretion, and delaying gastric emptying (incretin mimetic) Reasonable to try a GLP-1 agonist before starting insulin in patients who are close to glycemic goals, who prefer not to start insulin, and who are okay with weight loss Disadvantages: Requires injection, frequent GI side effects, expensive 30
31 Insulin initiation With availability of long-acting insulins, has become easier to use once-daily long-acting insulins monotherapy or add once-daily insulin to oral hypoglycemic medications Considerations: Is patient physically and cognitively capable of: using insulin pen or drawing up and giving appropriate dose monitoring blood glucose recognizing and treating hypoglycemia Pharmacist or family member may prepare week s supply of insulin in syringes and leave in refrigerator Insulin initiation Start with morning long-acting insulin Adjust dose once weekly to reach target fasting blood sugar Need less insulin in chronic kidney disease because insulin metabolism is altered 31
32 Is sliding scale insulin recommended for use in treatment of hyperglycemia in long-term care facilities? A. Yes B. No 50% 50% No Ye s Why, or why not? Sliding Scale Insulin NO Recently added to Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Leads to wide blood glucose deviations A burden for patients A burden on nursing time and resources No clearly defined practical guide to switch patients admitted to LTC from SSI to basal-bolus insulin 32
33 Monitoring glycemia A1C Quarterly in patients not meeting glycemic goals Twice yearly in those meeting treatment goals Blood glucose monitoring Self-monitoring (patient or caregiver) In select older patients Esp if on medications that can cause hypoglycemia If patient would take action to modify eating or exercise or willing to intensify pharmacotherapy, based on results May not need if diet treated or oral agents not associated with hypoglycemia Macrovascular Complications Screening similar to younger patients Retinopathy, nephropathy, foot problems Complications that impair functional capacity (e.g. retinopathy, foot problems) identify and treat promptly Poor vision = social isolation, risk of accidents, inability to measure blood glucose, draw up insulin doses 33
34 What ophthalmologic complications do you see more commonly in older diabetic patients compared to older NON-diabetic patients and younger patients? Should you check a urine microalbumin on older patients if they are already on an ACE inhibitor or ARB? 50% 50% No Ye s A. Yes B. No 34
35 Screening Ophthalmologic exam: (Annually) Screen for diabetic retinopathy Cataracts and glaucoma Both more common in older diabetic patients VS nondiabetic patients Cataracts: more than twice as common in people >65 years with diabetes VS similarly aged nondiabetic patients (38.4 % vs 16.6%) Nephropathy Prevalence of increased urinary albumin excretion increases in older population for reasons unrelated to diabetic nephropathy If already taking an ACE inhibitor or ARB Limited value in continuing testing for increased urinary albumin excretion on an annual basis Screening Foot problems Important cause of morbidity Risk is much higher in older diabetic patients vs younger Estimated that prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes is 32% overall, and more than 50% in patients over 60 years More than 30% of older diabetic patients cannot see or reach their feet (cannot inspect) Older diabetic patients should have their feet examined at every visit If unable to do self foot exam, inquire if family member or friend could do routine foot inspections Give prophylactic advice on foot care for those at high risk 35
36 Common Geriatric Syndromes (associated with diabetes) Cognitive impairment Diabetes is associated with increased risk of dementia Difficulty performing self-management and following complicated treatment regimens Assess cognitive function esp if: Nonadherence to therapy Frequent episodes of hypoglycemia Deterioration of glycemic control with no obvious explanation Common Geriatric Syndromes (associated with diabetes) Depression Early identification (ex geriatric depression scale) Polypharmacy Keep medication list current, and review at each visit Urinary incontinence Increased risk in women with diabetes Identification and treatment to improve quality of life 36
37 Common Geriatric Syndromes (associated with diabetes) Falls Multifactorial Peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy Muscle weakness Functional disability Vision loss Polypharmacy Osteoarthritis Even mild hypoglycemia Nursing Home Patients Few studies and guidelines re: care of older diabetics residing in NH Management goals should be based on: Life expectancy Quality of life Functional ability Co-existing conditions Exercise in any form good for all 37
38 Mottos Final Thoughts Take a balanced approach. Benefits of improved glycemic control / Possible increased risk of falls Look at the total person. Start low. Go slow. Keep it Simple. References Medha N. Munshi, et al. Management of Diabetes in Long-term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2016 Feb; 39(2): American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan Endocr Pract. 2015;21 (Suppl 1). David K McCulloch, MD; Medha Munshi, MD. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older patient. UpToDate. Jan
Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults. Presenter Disclosure Information
Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults Medha Munshi, M.D. Joslin Diabetes Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Presenter Disclosure Information Medha Munshi Research grant from
More informationThe Many Faces of T2DM in Long-term Care Facilities
The Many Faces of T2DM in Long-term Care Facilities Question #1 Which of the following is a risk factor for increased hypoglycemia in older patients that may suggest the need to relax hyperglycemia treatment
More informationManagement of DM in Older Adults: It s not all about sugar! Who needs treatment for DM? Peggy Odegard, Pharm.D., BCPS, CDE
Management of DM in Older Adults: It s not all about sugar! Peggy Odegard, Pharm.D., BCPS, CDE Who needs treatment for DM? 87 year old, frail male with moderately severe dementia living in NH with persistent
More informationType 2 Diabetes: Where Do We Start with Treatment? DIABETES EDUCATION. Diabetes Mellitus: Complications and Co-Morbid Conditions
Diabetes Mellitus: Complications and Co-Morbid Conditions ADA Guidelines for Glycemic Control: 2016 Retinopathy Between 2005-2008, 28.5% of patients with diabetes 40 years and older diagnosed with diabetic
More informationJoslin Diabetes Center Joslin Diabetes Forum 2013: The Impact of Comorbidities on Glucose Control Scenario 2: Reduced Renal Function
Scenario 2: Reduced Renal Function 62 y.o. white man with type 2 diabetes for 18 years Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia Known proliferative retinopathy Current medications: Metformin 1000 mg bid Glyburide
More informationJanice Lazear, DNP, FNP-C, CDE DIAGNOSIS AND THE OLDER ADULT
Janice Lazear, DNP, FNP-C, CDE DIAGNOSIS AND THE OLDER ADULT Objectives u At conclusion of the presentation the participant will: 1. Discuss challenges to glycemic control unique in the older population
More informationWhat s New in Diabetes Medications. Jena Torpin, PharmD
What s New in Diabetes Medications Jena Torpin, PharmD 1 Objectives Discuss new medications in the management of diabetes Understand the mechanism of the medications discussed Understand the side effects
More informationAbbreviations DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase IV DREAM Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone
Index Abbreviations DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase IV DREAM Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1 NPH neutral
More informationWhat s New in Diabetes Treatment. Disclosures
What s New in Diabetes Treatment Shiri Levy M.D. Henry Ford Hospital Senior Staff Physician Service Chief, West Bloomfield Hospital Endocrinology, Metabolism, Bone and Mineral Disorders Disclosures None
More informationMultiple Small Feedings of the Mind: Diabetes. Sonja K Fredrickson, MD, BC-ADM March 7, 2014
Multiple Small Feedings of the Mind: Diabetes Sonja K Fredrickson, MD, BC-ADM March 7, 2014 Question 1: Setting A1c Goals Describe the evidence based approach to determining the target HgbA1c in different
More informationDiabetes Mellitus II CPG
1 Diabetes Mellitus II CPG Candidates for Screening Integrated Complex Care Patients: Check Yearly Prediabetes: Check Yearly No Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Risk Factors: Check at Age 45, Repeat Every 3 Years
More informationJennifer Loh, MD, FACE Chief of Endocrinology KP Hawaii AAMD of Medical Education, KP Hawaii
Individualized Diabetes Treatment for the Elderly Jennifer Loh, MD, FACE Chief of Endocrinology KP Hawaii AAMD of Medical Education, KP Hawaii Extremely Relevant Baby Boomers are aging! ¼ of people age
More informationNEW DIABETES CARE MEDICATIONS
NEW DIABETES CARE MEDICATIONS James Bonucchi DO, ECNU, FACE Adult Medicine and Endocrinology Specialists Disclosures Speakers bureau Sanofi AZ BI Diabetes Diabetes cost ADA 2017 data Ever increasing disorder.
More informationDiabetes in the Elderly 1, 2, 3
Diabetes in the Elderly 1, 2, 3 WF Mollentze Feb 2010 Diabetes in the elderly differs from diabetes in younger people Prevalence: o Diabetes increases with age affecting approximately 10% of people over
More informationDrug Class Review Newer Diabetes Medications and Combinations
Drug Class Review Newer Diabetes Medications and Combinations Final Update 2 Report July 2016 The purpose reports is to make available information regarding the comparative clinical effectiveness and harms
More informationSociety for Ambulatory Anesthesia Consensus Statement on Perioperative Blood Glucose Management in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery
Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Consensus Statement on Perioperative Blood Glucose Management in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery Girish P. Joshi, MB BS, MD, FFARCSI Anesthesia & Analgesia
More informationGLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) Agonists (Byetta, Bydureon, Tanzeum, Trulicity, Victoza ) Step Therapy and Quantity Limit Criteria Program Summary
OBJECTIVE The intent of the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) s (Byetta/exenatide, Bydureon/ exenatide extended-release, Tanzeum/albiglutide, Trulicity/dulaglutide, and Victoza/liraglutide) Step Therapy
More informationNewer and Expensive treatment of diabetes. Endocrinology Visiting Associate Professor Institute of Medicine TUTH
Newer and Expensive treatment of diabetes Jyoti Bhattarai MD Endocrinology Visiting Associate Professor Institute of Medicine TUTH Four out of every five people with diabetes now live in developing countries.
More informationYOU HAVE DIABETES. Angie O Connor Community Diabetes Nurse Specialist 25th September 2013
YOU HAVE DIABETES Angie O Connor Community Diabetes Nurse Specialist 25th September 2013 Predicated 2015 figures are already met 1 in 20 have diabetes:1in8 over 60years old Definite Diagnosis is key Early
More informationFinding the sweet spot: Individualized targets for older adults with Type 2 DM
Finding the sweet spot: Individualized targets for older adults with Type 2 DM Samuel C. Durso, M.D., M.B.A. Mason F. Lord Professor of Medicine Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
More informationOral Hypoglycemics and Risk of Adverse Cardiac Events: A Summary of the Controversy
Oral Hypoglycemics and Risk of Adverse Cardiac Events: A Summary of the Controversy Jeffrey Boord, MD, MPH Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine Kingston, Jamaica December 7, 2012 VanderbiltHeart.com Outline
More informationNewer Drugs in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Newer Drugs in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Dr. C. Dinesh M. Naidu Professor of Pharmacology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally. 1 Presentation Outline Introduction Pathogenesis
More informationChief of Endocrinology East Orange General Hospital
Targeting the Incretins System: Can it Improve Our Ability to Treat Type 2 Diabetes? Darshi Sunderam, MD Darshi Sunderam, MD Chief of Endocrinology East Orange General Hospital Age-adjusted Percentage
More informationTREATMENTS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES. Susan Henry Diabetes Specialist Nurse
TREATMENTS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES Susan Henry Diabetes Specialist Nurse How can we improve outcomes in Type 2 diabetes? Earlier diagnosis Better patient education Stress central role of lifestyle management
More informationOlder Adults & Optimal Outcome. Individualizing Diabetes Management. Mary Moyer Janci BC-FNP BC-ADM CDE Teaching Associate Diabetes Care Center UWMC
Older Adults & Optimal Outcome Individualizing Diabetes Management Mary Moyer Janci BC-FNP BC-ADM CDE Teaching Associate Diabetes Care Center UWMC What is Diabetes? METABOLIC DISEASE Food breakdown (carbohydrates,
More informationDiabetes Oral Agents Pharmacology. University of Hawai i Hilo Pre-Nursing Program NURS 203 General Pharmacology Danita Narciso Pharm D
Diabetes Oral Agents Pharmacology University of Hawai i Hilo Pre-Nursing Program NURS 203 General Pharmacology Danita Narciso Pharm D 1 Learning Objectives Understand the role of the utilization of free
More informationGlucose Control drug treatments
Glucose Control drug treatments It should be noted that glitazones are under suspicion of precipitating acute cardiac events and current recommendations contraindicate the use of glitazones in patients
More informationManagement of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Heather Corn, MD, MS Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Heather Corn, MD, MS Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Disclosures Working for Intermountain Healthcare Some of the views represented are the opinion of ABIM-certified
More informationDiabetes Management in New Brunswick Nursing Homes
Diabetes Management in New Brunswick Nursing Homes Prepared by Dr. Angela McGibbon March, 2016 As the population ages and with the rising incidence of diabetes, there are increasing numbers of people with
More informationManagement of Type 2 Diabetes. Why Do We Bother to Achieve Good Control in DM2. Insulin Secretion. The Importance of BP and Glucose Control
Insulin Secretion Management of Type 2 Diabetes DG van Zyl Why Do We Bother to Achieve Good Control in DM2 % reduction 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30-35 -40 The Importance of BP and Glucose Control Effects of tight
More informationHEALTH SERVICES POLICY & PROCEDURE MANUAL
PAGE 1 of 5 PURPOSE To assure that DOP inmates with Diabetes are receiving high quality Primary Care for their condition. POLICY All DOP Primary Care Providers are to follow these guidelines when treating
More informationBrigham and Women s Hospital Type 2 Diabetes Management Program Physician Pharmacist Collaborative Drug Therapy Management Protocol
Brigham and Women s Hospital Type 2 Diabetes Management Program Physician Pharmacist Collaborative Drug Therapy Management Protocol *Please note that this guideline may not be appropriate for all patients
More informationNormal Fuel Metabolism Five phases of fuel homeostasis have been described A. Phase I is the fed state (0 to 3.9 hours after meal/food consumption),
Normal Fuel Metabolism Five phases of fuel homeostasis have been described A. Phase I is the fed state (0 to 3.9 hours after meal/food consumption), in which blood glucose predominantly originates from
More informationOral and Injectable Non-insulin Antihyperglycemic Agents
Appendix 5: Diabetes Education and Medical Management in Adults with Diabetes Oral and Injectable Non-insulin s This directive will be implemented by RPhs, RNs or RDs who have been deemed authorized implementers.
More informationDiabetes 2013: Achieving Goals Through Comprehensive Treatment. Session 2: Individualizing Therapy
Diabetes 2013: Achieving Goals Through Comprehensive Treatment Session 2: Individualizing Therapy Joshua L. Cohen, M.D., F.A.C.P. Professor of Medicine Interim Director, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism
More informationDM Fundamentals Class 4 Meds for Type 2
DM Fundamentals Class 4 Meds for Type 2 Beverly Thomassian, RN, MPH, BC ADM, CDE President, Diabetes Education Services Copyright 1999 2015, Diabetes Education Services, All Rights Reserved. Diabetes Meds
More informationPractical Strategies for the Clinical Use of Incretin Mimetics CME/CE. CME/CE Released: 09/15/2009; Valid for credit through 09/15/2010
Practical Strategies for the Clinical Use of Incretin Mimetics CME/CE Robert R. Henry, MD Authors and Disclosures CME/CE Released: 09/15/2009; Valid for credit through 09/15/2010 Introduction Type 2 diabetes
More information6/1/2018. Lou Haenel, IV, DO, FACE, FACOI Endocrinology Roper St Francis Charleston, SC THE OMINOUS OCTET: HOW PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY MERGE
Lou Haenel, IV, DO, FACE, FACOI Endocrinology Roper St Francis Charleston, SC THE OMINOUS OCTET: HOW PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY MERGE 1 2 3 Sulfonylureas Glipizide Glyburide Glimeperide 4 Metformin Gold
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE. Proposed Health Technology Appraisal
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE Proposed Health Technology Appraisal Dapagliflozin in combination therapy for the Final scope Remit/appraisal objective To appraise the clinical and
More informationDept of Diabetes Main Desk
Dept of Diabetes Main Desk 01202 448060 Glucose management in Type 2 Diabetes in Adults The natural history of type 2 diabetes is for HbA1c to deteriorate with time. A stepwise approach to treatment is
More informationSpecial thanks to the EJC Foundation for their support of Sanford Center Geriatric Specialty Clinic
Special thanks to the EJC Foundation for their support of Sanford Center Geriatric Specialty Clinic Sanford Center for Aging 775-784-4744 med.unr.edu/aging Diabetes Management Series: From Selfmanagement
More informationQuick Reference Guide
2013 Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Guide (Updated November 2016) 416569-16 guidelines.diabetes.ca diabetes.ca 1-800-BANTING (226-8464) Copyright 2016 Canadian Diabetes Association SCREENING
More informationDipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors Drug Class Prior Authorization Protocol
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors Drug Class Prior Authorization Protocol Line of Business: Medicaid P&T Approval Date: February 21, 2018 Effective Date: April 1, 2018 This policy has been developed
More informationVipul Lakhani, MD Oregon Medical Group Endocrinology
Vipul Lakhani, MD Oregon Medical Group Endocrinology Disclosures None Objectives Be able to diagnose diabetes and assess control Be able to identify appropriate classes of medications for diabetes treatment
More informationObjectives. Kidney Complications With Diabetes. Case 10/21/2015
Objectives Kidney Complications With Diabetes Brian Boerner, MD Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism University of Nebraska Medical Center Review screening for, and management of, albuminuria Review
More informationDiabetes Medication Updates Erica Bukovich, PharmD, BC-ADM, CDE September 20, 2018
Diabetes Medication Updates Erica Bukovich, PharmD, BC-ADM, CDE September 20, 2018 Learning Objectives Identify medication classes available for treatment of individuals with diabetes. Demonstrate understanding
More informationDM Fundamentals Class 4 Meds for Type 2
DM Fundamentals Class 4 Meds for Type 2 Beverly Thomassian, RN, MPH, BC ADM, CDE President, Diabetes Education Services Copyright 1999 2015, Diabetes Education Services, All Rights Reserved. Diabetes Meds
More informationRPCC Pharmacy Forum. The Type 2 Diabetes Issue. Type 2 Diabetes: The Basics
Nov/Dec 2015 Issue 11 RPCC Pharmacy Forum Special Interest Articles: Diabetes Medication Chart Insulin Chart Afreeza Did you know? Exanatide, marketed as Byetta, is the synthetic form of exendin-4, which
More informationPharmacology Updates. Quang T Nguyen, FACP, FACE, FTOS 11/18/17
Pharmacology Updates Quang T Nguyen, FACP, FACE, FTOS 11/18/17 14 Classes of Drugs Available for the Treatment of Type 2 DM in the USA ### Class A1c Reduction Hypoglycemia Weight Change Dosing (times/day)
More informationThe Death of Sulfonylureas? A Review of New Diabetes Medications
The Death of Sulfonylureas? A Review of New Diabetes Medications Kelly Hoenig, Pharm.D., BCPS Cedar Rapids Family Medicine Residency 2/4/17 Objectives Review GLP-1 Agonists, DPP-IV Inhibitors and SGLT-2
More informationClinical Cases in Diabetes Management. Joseph Cook D.O.
Clinical Cases in Diabetes Management Joseph Cook D.O. Objectives State the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Ohio State the percentage of diabetic patients in the U.S. treated by Primary Care Physicians
More informationObjectives. How Medicine Works to Control Blood Sugar Levels. What Happens When We Eat? What is diabetes? High Blood Glucose (Hyperglycemia)
How Medicine Works to Control Blood Sugar Levels Stacie Petersen, RN, CDE Objectives Define Diabetes List how medications work (ominous octet) Identify side effects of medications for diabetes What is
More informationQuick Reference Guide
2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Guide 416569-18 guidelines.diabetes.ca diabetes.ca 1-800-BANTING (226-8464) Screening and Diagnosis Assess risk ANNUALLY if: Family history (First-degree
More informationIndividualizing Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Individualizing Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Disclosures Speaker: AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, BI/Lilly, Valeritas, Takeda Advisor: Tandem Diabetes, Sanofi Objectives Develop individualized approaches
More informationDiabetes Medications: Oral Anti-Hyperglycemic Medications
Diabetes Medications: Oral Anti-Hyperglycemic Medications Medication Types 1. Biguanides 2. Sulfonylureas 3. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) 4. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors 5. D-Phenylalanine Meglitinides 6.
More informationLearning Objectives. Impact of Diabetes II UPDATES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. David Doriguzzi, PA-C
UPDATES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES David Doriguzzi, PA-C Learning Objectives Upon completion of this educational activity, the participant should be able to: Overcome barriers and attitudes that limit Clinician/Patient
More informationIndividualizing Type 2 Diabetes Management. Cynthia Gerstenlauer, ANP-BC, GCNS-BC, CDE, CCD
Individualizing Type 2 Diabetes Management Cynthia Gerstenlauer, ANP-BC, GCNS-BC, CDE, CCD Harsh Statistics 30.3 million (9.4% of population) in US had DM in 2015 The percent of population with DM increases
More informationMultiple Factors Should Be Considered When Setting a Glycemic Goal
Multiple Facts Should Be Considered When Setting a Glycemic Goal Patient attitude and expected treatment effts Risks potentially associated with hypoglycemia, other adverse events Disease duration Me stringent
More informationDiabesity. Metabolic dysfunction that ranges from mild blood glucose imbalance to full fledged Type 2 DM Signs
Diabesity Metabolic dysfunction that ranges from mild blood glucose imbalance to full fledged Type 2 DM Signs Abdominal obesity Low HDL, high LDL, and high triglycerides HTN High blood glucose (F>100l,
More informationPharmacology Update for the Adult Patient - Newer Oral Medications for Diabetes
Pharmacology Update for the Adult Patient - Newer Oral Medications for Diabetes Brooke Hudspeth, PharmD, CDE, MLDE Director of Diabetes Prevention, Kroger Pharmacy Adjunct Assistant Professor, University
More information01/09/2017. Outline. SGLT 2 inhibitor? Diabetes Patients: Complex and Heterogeneous. Association between diabetes and cardiovascular events
MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS Incidence of outcome g 1 Cardioprotective Effects of SGLT2s Relevant for Which T2 Diabetes Patient? SGLT 2 inhibitor? 58 year old, waist circumference 5 cm, PMH: IHD On statin,
More informationAntihyperglycemic Agents in Diabetes. Jamie Messenger, PharmD, CPP Department of Family Medicine East Carolina University August 18, 2014
Antihyperglycemic Agents in Diabetes Jamie Messenger, PharmD, CPP Department of Family Medicine East Carolina University August 18, 2014 Objectives Review 2014 ADA Standards of Medical Care in DM as they
More informationUpdate on Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes: Angela D. Mazza, DO July 31, 2015
Update on Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes: 2015 Angela D. Mazza, DO July 31, 2015 Objectives To present the newer available therapies for the management of T2D To discuss the advantages and disadvantages
More informationDiabetes, Drugs and Dangerous Discrepancies. Sally Bodenhamer, OD, OT/L, CDE
Diabetes, Drugs and Dangerous Discrepancies Sally Bodenhamer, OD, OT/L, CDE I have no disclosures Disclosures $245 BILLION American DM ASSOC 2012 cost of Diabetes Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S.
More information9/29/ Disclosure. Learning Objectives. Diabetes Update: Guidelines, Treatment Options & Trends
+ Diabetes Update: Guidelines, Treatment Options & Trends Melissa Max, PharmD, BC-ADM, CDE Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice Harding University College of Pharmacy + Disclosure Conflicts Of Interest
More informationApplication of the Diabetes Algorithm to a Patient
Application of the Diabetes Algorithm to a Patient Apply knowledge gained from this activity to improve disease management and outcomes for patients with T2DM and obesity Note: The cases in this deck represent
More informationGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists Drug Class Prior Authorization Protocol
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists Drug Class Prior Authorization Protocol Line of Business: Medicaid P&T Approval Date: February 21, 2018 Effective Date: April 1, 2018 This policy has been developed
More information8/5/2017. Disclosure to Participants. Learning Outcomes. Terry Compton MS, APRN, CDE. Seniors with Diabetes: Why Are They Different?
Terry Compton MS, APRN, CDE Diabetes Education Program Manager St. Tammany Parish Hospital Covington, LA Sara (Mandy) Reece PharmD, CDE, BC-ADM, FAADE Diabetes Educator Vice Chair and Associate Professor,
More informationDiabetes Mellitus: Implications of New Clinical Trials and New Medications
Diabetes Mellitus: Implications of New Clinical Trials and New Medications Estimates of Diagnosed Diabetes in Adults, 2005 Alka M. Kanaya, MD Asst. Professor of Medicine UCSF, Primary Care CME October
More informationFUNDING: MICIS mandated by Maine Legislature, funded by fees collected from pharmaceutical companies as a cost of doing business in the state.
GOAL: To improve clinical outcomes by delivering upto-date, evidence-based prescribing information, using data and guidelines developed by noncommercial sources FUNDING: MICIS mandated by Maine Legislature,
More informationClinical Practice Guideline Key Points
Clinical Practice Guideline Key Points Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 Key Points Diabetes Mellitus Provided by: Highmark Endocrinology Clinical Quality Improvement Committee In accordance with Highmark
More informationGuidelines to assist General Practitioners in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. April 2010
Guidelines to assist General Practitioners in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes April 2010 Foreword The guidelines were devised by the Diabetes Day Centre in Beaumont Hospital in consultation with a number
More informationDIABETES DEBATE - IS NEW BETTER?
DIABETES DEBATE - IS NEW BETTER? WHAT MEDICATION CLASS AFTER METFORMIN TO CONTROL BLOOD SUGAR Dr. Lydia Hatcher, MD, CCFP, FCFP, CHE, D-CAPM Associate Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, McMaster Chief
More informationTreatment Options for Diabetes: An Update
Treatment Options for Diabetes: An Update A/Prof. Marg McGill Manager, Diabetes Centre Dr. Ted Wu Staff Specialist Endocrinologist Diabetes Centre Centre of Health Professional Education Education Provider
More informationAmerican Diabetes Association 2018 Guidelines Important Notable Points
American Diabetes Association 2018 Guidelines Important Notable Points The Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018 by ADA include the most current evidencebased recommendations for diagnosing and treating
More informationDIABETES. Mary Bruskewitz APNP, MS, BC-ADM Clinical Nurse Specialist Diabetes. November 2013
DIABETES Mary Bruskewitz APNP, MS, BC-ADM Clinical Nurse Specialist Diabetes November 2013 mbruskewitz@outlook.com Objectives Part 1 Overview of Endocrine Physiology Pathophysiology of Diabetes Diabetes
More informationInitiating Injectable Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Initiating Injectable Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes David Doriguzzi, PA C Learning Objectives To understand current Diabetes treatment guidelines To understand how injectable medications fit into current
More informationCardiovascular Benefits of Two Classes of Antihyperglycemic Medications
Cardiovascular Benefits of Two Classes of Antihyperglycemic Medications Nathan Woolever, Pharm.D., Resident Pharmacist Pharmacy Grand Rounds November 6 th, 2018 Franciscan Healthcare La Crosse, WI 2017
More informationClinical Practice Guidelines
Clinical Practice Guidelines Diabetes Objective The purpose is to guide the appropriate diagnosis and management of Diabetes. This guideline is designed to assist the clinician by providing a framework
More informationHow can we improve outcomes in Type 2 diabetes?
How can we improve outcomes in Type 2 diabetes? Earlier diagnosis Better patient education Stress central role of lifestyle management Identify and treat all risk factors Use rational pharmacological therapy
More informationTeam-Based Approaches to Help Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Achieve Individualized Glycemic Goals
Team-Based Approaches to Help Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Achieve Individualized Glycemic Goals 1. Which one of the agents listed here is widely considered the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes
More informationHot Topics: The Future of Diabetes Management Cutting Edge Medication and Technology-Based Care
Hot Topics: The Future of Diabetes Management Cutting Edge Medication and Technology-Based Care Mary Jean Christian, MA, MBA, RD, CDE Diabetes Program Coordinator UC Irvine Health Hot Topics: Diabetes
More informationType II Diabetes Improving Blood Sugar Control. Geneva Clark Briggs, Pharm.D., BCPS
Type II Diabetes Improving Blood Sugar Control Geneva Clark Briggs, Pharm.D., BCPS Overview Importance of glucose control State of control Review available therapies Helping patients achieve control The
More information2/17/2016. Objectives. Define. Hey Sugar! DMII Management in Hospice Care
Hey Sugar! DMII Management in Hospice Care Michelle Huber, R.Ph., PharmD.,CGP Objectives Review treatment for hyperglycemia discussing how these medications work, hypoglycemia risk, special considerations.
More informationInpatient Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Jessica Garza, Pharm.D. PGY-1 Pharmacotherapy Resident TTUHSC School of Pharmacy
Inpatient Management of Diabetes Mellitus Jessica Garza, Pharm.D. PGY-1 Pharmacotherapy Resident TTUHSC School of Pharmacy 2 Disclosure Jessica Garza does not have any actual or potential conflicts of
More informationWhat s New on the Horizon: Diabetes Medication Update
What s New on the Horizon: Diabetes Medication Update Outline of Talk Newly released and upcoming medications: the incretins, DPP-IV inhibitors, and what s coming Revised ADA/EASD and AACE guidelines:
More informationChapter 37: Exercise Prescription in Patients with Diabetes
Chapter 37: Exercise Prescription in Patients with Diabetes American College of Sports Medicine. (2010). ACSM's resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (6th ed.). New York:
More informationModulating the Incretin System: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Type 2 Diabetes
Modulating the Incretin System: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Type 2 Diabetes Geneva Clark Briggs, PharmD, BCPS Adjunct Professor at University of Appalachia College of Pharmacy Clinical Associate, Medical
More informationCurrent Diabetes Care for Internists:2011
Current Diabetes Care for Internists:2011 Petch Rawdaree, DM, MSc, DLSHTM Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital University of Bangkok Metropolis 19 th January 2011 ก ก 1. ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก ก ก ก 3. ก ก ก ก
More informationMANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES 3 Month trial of lifestyle changes. Refer to DESMOND structured education programme. Set glycaemic target HbA1c < 7.0% (53mmol/mol) or individualised If HbA1c > 53mmol/mol
More informationDrugs used in Diabetes. Dr Andrew Smith
Drugs used in Diabetes Dr Andrew Smith Plan Introduction Insulin Sensitising Drugs: Metformin Glitazones Insulin Secretagogues: Sulphonylureas Meglitinides Others: Acarbose Incretins Amylin Analogues Damaglifozin
More informationType 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2011
2011 Michael T. McDermott MD Director, Endocrinology and Diabetes Practice University of Colorado Hospital Michael.mcdermott@ucdenver.edu Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis 2011 Diabetes Mellitus Fasting Glucose
More information4/9/2018 HOW TO REGULATE DIABETES MEDICATIONS. By Sarah Froemsdorf MSN, RNC, CDE, FNP DISCLOSURES NONE. Diagnosis
HOW TO REGULATE DIABETES MEDICATIONS By Sarah Froemsdorf MSN, RNC, CDE, FNP DISCLOSURES NONE Diagnosis 1 NORMAL BODY The normal pancreas releases one unit of insulin every hour all day. The normal pancreas
More informationDIABETES. overview of pharmacologic agents used in the management of. Overview 4/3/2014 OBJECTIVES. Injectable Agents
overview of pharmacologic agents used in the management of DIABETES Kyle Roberts, Pharm.D. PGY-1 Pharmacy Resident Saint Alphonsus RMC 1. List the different classes of diabetes medications, including the
More informationQuick Reference Guide
2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Guide 416569-18 guidelines.diabetes.ca diabetes.ca 1-800-BANTING (226-8464) Screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in adults Assess risk factors for
More informationDIABETES UPDATE 2018
DIABETES UPDATE 2018 Jerome V. Tolbert, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases 317 East 17 th Street New York, New
More information第十五章. Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes-1/9 第十五章 Diabetes Mellitus 陳曉蓮醫師 2/9 - Diabetes 羅東博愛醫院 Management of Diabetes mellitus A. DEFINITION OF DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances
More informationStandards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2016
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2016 Care Delivery Systems 33-49% of patients still do not meet targets for A1C, blood pressure, or lipids. 14% meet targets for all A1C, BP, lipids, and nonsmoking
More informationObjectives. Recognize all available medical treatment options for diabetes. Individualize treatment and glycemic target based on patient factors
No disclosure Objectives Recognize all available medical treatment options for diabetes Individualize treatment and glycemic target based on patient factors Should be able to switch to more affordable
More information7/8/2016. Sol Jacobs MD, FACE Division of Endocrinology Emory University School of Medicine
Sol Jacobs MD, FACE Division of Endocrinology Emory University School of Medicine Participation in investigator initiated clinical research supported by: Merck Boehringer Ingelheim Novo Nordisk Astra Zeneca
More information