Cu 2q reveals different binding sites of amiloride and CDPC on the apical Na channel of frog skin
|
|
- Chrystal Berry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Biohimia et Biophysia Ata Cu reveals different binding sites of amiloride and CDPC on the apial Na hannel of frog skin M.L. Flonta b,), J.De Beir-Simaels a, D. Mesotten a, W. Van Drieshe a a Laboratorium Õoor Fysiologie, K.U.LeuÕen, Campus Gasthuisberg, B LeuÕen, Belgium b Dept. Physiology and Biophysis, Faulty of Biology, UniÕersity of Buharest, Splaiul Independentei 91 95, Buharest 76201, Romania Reeived 8 August 1997; revised 4 November 1997; aepted 4 November 1997 Abstrat The effet of Cu ions, present in the muosal bathing solution, on the transepithelial short-iruit urrent Ž I. and ondutane Ž G. t and on the bloker-indued noise of apial Na hannels, as studied on the isolated ventral skin of the frog Rana temporaria. Cu effets ere onentration-dependent, the full effet being reahed at 50 mmolrl. Cu inreased I and G ; this effet as eliminated by high onentrations of amiloride Ž 30 mmolrl. t and of CDPC 150 mmolrl. Cu markedly redued the orner freueny Ž f. of the Na hannel noise, hile having virtually no effet on the f of CDPC-indued noise. Cu redues the assoiation rate onstant of amiloride to the Na hannel to one third; this effet is interpreted as indiating ompetition beteen Cu and amiloride for the same Ž negatively harged. binding site on the hannel, hile CDPC appears to bind on a different site Elsevier Siene B.V. Keyords: Frog skin; Copper; Na hannel; Bloker-indued noise; Amiloride; CDPC 1. Introdution The apial Na hannel of frog skin is a member of a nely identified ion-hannel family, hih is haraterized by sensitivity to amiloride. The primary struture of an epithelial Na hannel Ž ENaC. as first eluidated in 1994 x 1. The hannel is thought to be omposed of three homologous but nonidential subunits, named a, b and g x 2. The a-subunit alone an form fully funtional amiloridesensitive Na hannels, hereas the b- and g-subunits annot x 3. In turn, the presene of b-org-subunits ) Corresponding author. Fax: ; flonta@bio.bio.unibu.ro inreases the amiloride-sensitive urrent ; 10 fold. In spite of muh ne moleular information on the ENaC, a number of uestions need further investigation. Speifially, hat regions of the a-, b-, or g-subunits ontain the ondution pore, hat regions are involved in hannel gating, and hat regions interat ith regulatory effetors or knon blokers? A ay to obtain information hih an be used to predit some strutural features of the hannel is to investigate the binding affinities of the effetive blokers and ho these are influened by other interating agents. With this idea in mind e have studied the effet of Cu on the apial Na hannel of amphibian skin. This tissue is a good model of tight epithelia in general, it an be easily isolated ith r98r$ Elsevier Siene B.V. All rights reserved. PII S
2 170 ( ) M.L. Flonta et al.rbiohimia et Biophysia Ata minimal damage and it is stable for many hours in vitro. Copper is a trae element essential for life x 4, hose defiieny or exess entail serious pathologix 5. Some years ago, Fereira 6 8x shoed that Cu stimulates the short-iruit urrent al onseuenes Ž I. through amphibian epithelia. Hoever, I is a omposite measure of the funtion of ioni hannels hose population is multifarious on both apial and basolateral membranes x 9 and of the basolateral Na rk pumps, so that the effet of Cu on I has to be disseted into its elementary omponents. Using a noninvasive method, Na hannel harateristis ere derived from the analysis of bloker-indued lorentzian noise, produed by to pyrazine derivatives, amiloride and CDPC Ž6-hloro-3,5-di- aminopyrazine-2-arboxamide.. Here e report data shoing that Cu ompetes ith amiloride for the same binding site on the apial Na hannel, hile it has only minor affinity for the CDPC-binding site. This latter site thus appears to be distint from the amiloride-binding site. 2. Methods Frogs Ž Rana temporaria., eighing around 25 g, ere kept at 178C ith free aess to tap ater. The abdominal skin of doubly pithed animals as disseted and mounted in an Ussing-type luite ham10 x. The hamber en- ber, as previously deribed sured negligible edge damage and alloed the ontinuous perfusion ith fresh solutions of both the muosal and serosal m s sides of the epithelium, at a rate of 5 mlrmin. The tissue area in ontat ith bathing media as 1 m 2. The transepithelial potential as lamped to zero ith a lo-noise voltage lamp 11x and the short-iruit urrent Ž I. as reorded on a standard X-T reorder. The transepithelial ondutane Ž G. t as alulated from the urrent hanges aused by 256 ms voltage pulses of 5 mv amplitude, applied every 14 s Solutions All solutions ere freshly prepared ith highly purified ater ŽMilli-Q Water Purifiation System, Millipore.. In order to eliminate the ontribution of Cl y to the measured I and G t, Cl-free Ringer solutions, having SO 2y 4 as the major anion, ere used. Na 2SO4 Ringer solution, bathing both sides of non-depolarized skins, onsisted of Ž in mmolrl.: 115 Na, 58.5 SO 2y, 2.5 K, 2.5 HCO y,1ca 4 3.K2SO4 Ringer solution, used to depolarize the serosal side of the epithelium, ontained in mmolrl : 97.5 K, 20 Na, 58.5 SO 2y, 2.5 HCO y and 1 Ca 4 3. The ph of all solutions as adjusted to 8.0. The onentrations in the muosal ompartment of amiloride hydrohloride, Sigma. and of CDPC Ž6-hloro-3,5-diamino- pyrazine-2-arboxamide, Aldrih. respetively ranged from 2 to 40 mmolrl ŽAMIx. m and from 10 to 150 mmolrl ŽCDPCx. 12 x m. Copper as added as CuSO ; free Cu 4 onentrations are estimated by preliminary ondutane measurements, to be 30% loer than the values given in the ase of both amiloride and CDPC Noise analysis The flutuation in urrent as reorded and analyzed in the freueny domain, as previously de13 x. The tehniue exploits the fat that the ribed average maroopi Na urrent Ž ma. onsists of the random flikering of millions of independent hannels Ž pa. hih gives rise to flutuations Ž na. around the mean urrent. These data an be resolved into their freueny omponents using the Fourier transform. The urrent signal as high-pass filtered ith a 24 dbrotave Butterorth type filter ith a ut-off freueny of 0.3 Hz. Furthermore, to prevent aliasing, the signal as lo-pass filtered ith a 48 dbrotave Butterorth filter Žut-off freuenys 850 Hz.. Poer density spetra Ž PDS. ere alulated from Fourier transformed reords of 4096 points olleted over a 2 s period, yielding a fundamental freueny of 0.5 Hz. Averaged PDS of 2048 freuenies ere obtained from 50 reords. Freuenies above 760 Hz ere diarded in further analysis. Spetra ontaining relaxation noise ere fitted ith the sum of a lorentzian omponent and a bakground noise term Ž Arf a. aording to the folloing formula: So A SŽ f. s 2 a 1 Ž frf. f
3 ( ) M.L. Flonta et al.rbiohimia et Biophysia Ata The plateau value Ž S. o and the orner freueny Ž f. of the lorentzian funtion, determined by nonlin- ear regression analysis of the PDS, ere used for the alulation of single hannel urrent and hannel density, aording to a to-state model for hannel opening and losing 9,14 x. A represents the poer density at 1 Hz and a the slope of the 1rf noise omponent. The model predits a linear dependene of f on the onentration of the flutuation-induing bloker B: x 2p fsk01 B k10 Ž 1. here k and k respetively are the ON- Ž assoiation. and the OFF- Ž dissoiation. rate onstants. It also allos alulation of the single hannel urrent Ž i. and the number of open hannels Ž N. Na o in the presene of the bloker, from the plateau value Ž S o. and the maroopi Na urrent Ž I.: 2 SoŽ 2p f. inas Ž 2. 4INak01 B NosI NariNa Ž Results The data in Fig. 1 shos the stimulatory effet of Cu on the transepithelial urrent and ondutane. The onset of dose-dependent inhibition of I and Gt by amiloride as sloed don after the addition of Cu on the apial side of the skin ŽFig. 1Ž A.., the time onstant of the exponential fall rising from about 1 s to more than 3.5 s after Cu addition. The sloing by Cu of the onset of CDPC blok of I as less obvious ŽFig. 1Ž B... In all experiments, Cu xm as 50 mmolrl, be- ause a preliminary investigation of the effet of Cu xm on bloker-indued noise of apial Na han- nels indiated this as the loest onentration giving a maximal f hange, 10 min after Cu addition Ž Fig. 2.. The effet of Cu on the spetrum of amilorideindued noise of the apial Na-hannel is illustrated in Fig. 3, shoing the derease of the orner freueny and the inrease of the plateau values of the Na Fig. 1. Effet of Cu Ž 50 mmolrl, in the muosal ompartment. on the short-iruit urrent and transepithelial ondutane of frog skin, in the presene of inreasing muosal onentrations of amiloride Ž AMI. Ž A. and of CDPC Ž B.. AMIxm as sues- sively: 2, 4, 6, 10, 20 and 30 mmolrl and CDPC xm: 10, 20, 50, 100 and 150 mmolrl. The reords are representative for ŽA, above. 5 and Ž B, belo. 7 experiments. reorded lorentzian spetra. Fig. 3 is representative for 6 experiments in idential onditions and for the general appearane of the rude noise data. In aord Fig. 2. Effet of muosal onentration of Cu on the orner freueny of the amiloride-indued noise of apial Na hannels. f as reorded 10 min after inreasing CuSO x 4 m, in the pres- ene of 20 mmolrl AMI x. m
4 172 ( ) M.L. Flonta et al.rbiohimia et Biophysia Ata x Fig. 3. Effet of 50 mmolrl Cu m on the Na urrent poer density spetrum, reorded in the presene of 6 mmolrl AMI x. m ith E. Ž 1. above, the dependene of f on muosal bloker onentration as approximately linear, in the ase of both amiloride and CDPC Ž Fig. 4.. A lear-ut effet of Cu, namely to redue the slope of the f - blokerx m dependene, as observed hen the bloker as amiloride ŽFig. 4Ž A.., but not hen the bloker as CDPC ŽFig. 4Ž B.., hile the interepts on the ordinate are less influened by Cu in either ase. In order to have an isolated apial membrane subjeted to Cu effets, the basolateral membrane as depolarized ith high K Ringer solution in the serosal ompartment. The dependene of f on amiloridexm as then studied in ontrol onditions and in the presene of 50 mmol Cu rl at the muosal side. The ensemble of bloker kineti onstants Ž k and k and of apial Na hannel harateristis Ži and N, alulated ith Es. Ž 2. and Ž 3. above. Na 0 Fig. 4. Effet of 50 mmolrl Cu xm on the dependene of noise orner freueny on bloker onentration, in the ase of 6 amiloride-treated frog skins Ž A, above. and of 7 CDPC-treated frog skins Ž B, belo.. are given in Table 1, for non-depolarized frog skins treated ith amiloride and CDPC, and for depolarized frog skins treated ith amiloride, both ithout and in the presene of Cu. In order to further haraterize the binding of Cu on the Na hannel, the influene of transepithelial voltage on the f of the noise indued by 20 mmolrl amiloride as studied, in ontrol sulphate Ringer and in the presene of 50 mmolrl Cu ŽFig. 5.. In ontrol f inreases at positive or negative Table 1 Effet of 50 mmolrl Cu xm on bloker ONrOFF rate onstants of amiloride and CDPC, and on the parameters of frog skin apial Na hannel, as revealed by bloker-indued noise. k - assoiation Ž ON. onstant, k - dissoiation Ž OFF onstant, ina - single hannel urrent and N0 - open hannel density. Values are given as mean "S.E.M Ž y1 y1. Ž y1. 6 Ž y2 Conditions k mmol s k s i pa N =10 m Na 0 Amiloride-treated Non-depolarized Ž Ns6. Control 11.77" " " " 35.8 Cu 3.30" " " " 20.0 K-depolarized Ž Ns5. Control 10.63" " " " 23.3 Cu 3.28" " " " 33.0 CDPC-treated Ns7 Control 6.96" " " " 5.08 Cu 6.68" " " " 8.23
5 ( ) M.L. Flonta et al.rbiohimia et Biophysia Ata Fig. 5. Effet of 50 mmolrl Cu xm on the dependene of noise orner freueny on transepithelial voltage, in the ase of 5 frog skins. The onentration of amiloride in the muosal ompartment as 20 mmolrl. transepithelial potentials; this effet is redued by opper. 4. Disussion The large inreases in transepithelial Ž short-iruit. urrent and ondutane, produed by Cu, are assoiated ith an inreased entrane of Na through the apial membrane, as indiated by the reords in Fig. 1, hih sho that blokers of the Na hannel abolished the Cu-indued inrease. Thus, in the presene of the highest dose of amiloride Ž 30 mmolrl., I had virtually the same value ith or ithout Cu ŽFig. 1Ž A.. and even the less potent bloker CDPC ompletely eliminated the Cu-indued inrease above the ontrol value. The onentration-dependent inrease of the transepithelial urrent by Cu is refleted in the uasi-exponential fall of f of the noise indued by a fixed onentration of bloker Ž Fig. 2., as ell as in the inreased plateau values, illustrated in Fig. 3. A larger transepithelial ioni urrent, as produed by Cu ould, in priniple, be attributed to inreases in either the urrent passing through eah hannel Ž i., or the number of open hannels Ž N. Na 0, or both. The harateristis of the Na hannel, revealed by the analysis of amiloride-indued urrent flutuations Ž Table 1. shos that, in non-depolarized frog skin, Cu signifiantly inreased i Na, hile it tended to derease N 0. Hoever, hen the basolateral membrane as depolarized ith an exess of potassium, i as not influened by the addition of Cu Na, hile N0 tended to inrease, indiating the possible existene of a group of voltage dependent Na hannels. This ould be suggested also by the influene of transepithelial voltage on the opper indued derease of f values at higher positive or negative transepithelial potentials Ž Fig. 5.. The most onspiuous effet of Cu as the redution to one third of the assoiation onstant k 01 beteen amiloride and the apial Na hannel, in both non-depolarized and depolarized frog skins Ž Table 1.. Amiloride is thought to stabilize the losed onformation of the Na hannel via the interation of its positively harged guanidinum group ith a arboxyl group ritially plaed at the entrane of the hannel 15 x,possibly on the H hairpin struture16 x 2. The strong derease of k by Cu 01 ould arise from the eletrostati shield by this ation of the net negative harge present at the binding site for amiloride, on the Na hannel protein. Our data suggest that Cu binding, hih hampers the attahment of amiloride, does not prevent Ž and even favours. the passage of Na through the hannel, as shon by the inreased I. The idea of ompetition beteen Cu and amiloride for the same binding site is further supported by the fat that in the presene of high onentrations of amiloride, the stimulatory effet of Cu on I vanishes ŽFig. 1Ž A... In this ase the ondi- tions are very far from euilibrium beteen amiloride and opper. As one might expet ithin the ontext of suh a model, the basolateral depolarization did not signifiantly influene either the value of k01 in ontrol muosal solution, or the effet of Cu on it. On the other hand, the dissoiation rate onstant k 10, on hih Cu alone had virtually no influene, tended to be inreased in depolarized skins, the differene in k10 beteen non-depolarized and depolarized skins approahing signifiane in the presene of Cu. The basolateral depolarization, hih makes the intraellular ompartment less negative, might failitate the dissoiation of the harged bloker from its binding site, partiularly in the presene of the ompetitor Cu, as a result of redued transapial field. The same ombination of eletrostati onditions appears to promote the tendeny toards an inreased number of open hannels. The assoiation rate Ž k. 01 of the amiloride analogue CDPC ith apial Na hannels, i.e. the slope of the urves in Fig. 4Ž B., as only negligibly influened by Cu, strikingly different from amiloride
6 174 ( ) M.L. Flonta et al.rbiohimia et Biophysia Ata ŽFig. 4Ž A... This indiates that the CDPC moleule, hih is neutral at physiologial ph, bloks the hannel upon binding at a different site from amiloride. The dissoiation rate onstant of the CDPC Na hannel omplex, k 10, as more than ten times higher than for the amiloride Na hannel omplex Ž Table 1.. This is in agreement ith Helman and Baxendale 17x and ith previous results from this laboratory, hih indiated a lifetime of the blokerhannel omplex muh shorter for CDPC Ž 4 ms., than x for amiloride 75 ms 18. Cu still inreased k 10, in agreement ith its tendeny Ž above diussed. to promote the open onfiguration of the hannel. In summary, this study indiates a strong ompetition beteen Cu and the harged pyrazine derivative amiloride, for binding on the apial Na hannel of frog skin, and the lak of suh an antagonism beteen Cu and the neutral pyrazine derivative CDPC, thus pointing to the to blokers having different binding sites on the Na hannel. Moleular tehniues have revealed additional epithelial Na hannel family members. If the d-enac is oexpressed ith the b- and g-subunits, instead of the a-subunit, the hannel is 30-fold less sensitive to amiloride and has a unit ondutane tie as high 19 x. This suggests that the amiloride binding site ould be loated on the a-subunits, and it ould be interesting to determine the CDPC sensitivity of this novel hannel. Aknoledgements M.L.F. aknoledges support from the European Community ŽS & T Cooperation ith Central and Eastern European Countries -PECO Grant She also expresses her gratitude to Dr. Gordon Reid for improving the English. Referenes x 1 C.M. Canessa, L. Shild, G. Buell, B. Thoreus, I. Ganthl, J.-D. Horisberger, B.C. Rossier, Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na hannel is made of three homologous subunits, Nature 367 Ž x 2 D.J. Benos, C.M. Fuller, V.G. Shlyonsky, B.K. Berdiev, I.I. Ismailov, Amiloride-sensitive Na hannels: Insights and Outlooks, Ne Physiol.Si. 12 Ž x 3 I.I. Ismailov, M.S. Aayda, B.K. Berdiev, J.K. Bubien, J.E. Luas, C.M. Fuller, D.J. Benos, Triple-barrel organisation of ENaC, a lonned epithelial Na hannel, J. Biol. Chem. 271 Ž x 4 W. Mertz, The essential trae elements, Siene 213 Ž x 5 D.D. Perrin, R.P. Agaral, Multimetal multiligand euilibria: a model for biologial systems, in: H. Siegel Ž Ed.., Metal Ions in Biologial Systems, vol. 2, Mixed-ligand omplexes, Marel Dekker, NY, 1973, pp x 6 K.T.G. Ferreira, The effet of Cu on isolated frog skin, Biohim. Biophys. Ata 203 Ž x 7 K.T.G. Ferreira, The effet of ooper on frog skin. The role of sulfhydryl groups, Biohim. Biophys. Ata 510 Ž x 8 K.T.G. Ferreira, The mehanism of ation of Cu on the frog skin, Biohim. Biophys. Ata 552 Ž x 9 W. Van Drieshe, W. Zeiske, Ioni hannels in epithelial ell membranes, Physiol. Rev. 65 Ž x 10 I. De Wolf, W. Van Drieshe, Voltage dependent Ba blok of K hannels in apial membrane of frog skin, Am. J. Physiol. 251 Ž C696 C x W. Van Drieshe, B. Lindemann, Voltage dependene of the bloking rate onstants of amiloride at apial Na hannels, Rev. Si. Instrum. 49 Ž x S.I. Helman, N.I. Kizer, Apial sodium ion hannels of tight epithelia as vieed from the perspetive of noise analysis, Current Topis in Membranes and Transport, vol. 37, Aademi Press. In., 1990, pp x W. Van Drieshe, W. Zeiske, Spontaneous flutuations of potassium hannels in the apial membrane of frog skin, J. Physiol. 299 Ž x W. Van Drieshe, Noise and Impedane Analysis, in: J.A. Shafer, G. Giebih, P. Kristensen, H.H. Ussing Ž Eds.., Methods in Membrane and Transporter Researh, R.G. Landes Company, 1994, pp x J. Warnke, B. Lindeman, Voltage dependene of the bloking rate onstants of amiloride at apial Na hannels, Pflugers Arh. 405 Ž x C.M. Canessa, What is ne about the struture of the epithelial Na hannel?, Ne Physiol. Si. 11 Ž x S.I. Helman, L.M. Baxendale, Bloker-related hanges of hannel density. Analysis of a three-state model for apial Na hannels of frog skin, J. Gen. Physiol. 95 Ž x D.G. Margineanu, W. Van Drieshe, Comparison of amiloride and CDPC effets on the frog skin eletrophysiology, Pflugers Arh. 415 S1 Ž R33. 19x R. Waldman, G. Champigny, F. Bassilana, N. Voilley, M. Lazdunski, Moleular loning and funtional expression of a novel amiloride-sensitive Na hannel, J. Biol. Chem. 270 Ž
PARKINSON S DISEASE: MODELING THE TREMOR AND OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT. Keywords: Medical, Optimization, Modelling, Oscillation, Noise characteristics.
PARKINSON S DISEASE: MODELING THE TREMOR AND OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT Mohammad Haeri, Yashar Sarbaz and Shahriar Gharibzadeh Advaned Control System Lab, Eletrial Engineering Department, Sharif University
More informationOpening and Closing Transitions for BK Channels Often Occur in Two
72 Biophysial Journal Volume 65 August 1993 72-714 Opening and Closing Transitions for BK Channels Often Our in Two Steps via Sojourns through a Brief ifetime Subondutane State William B. Ferguson, Owen
More informationVoltage-Dependent Gating Underlies Loss of ENaC Function in Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1
193 iophysial Journal Volume pril 211 193 1939 Voltage-Dependent Gating Underlies Loss of ENa Funtion in Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1 Volodymyr Kuher, Nina oiko, Oleh Pohynyuk, and James D. Stokand *
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Schematic illustrating major conclusions of this study.
ORNs GABA A GABA B glomeruli LN PNs Supplementary Figure 1. Shemati illustrating major onlusions of this study. This study represents the most diret evidene to date of inhiitory interations etween olfatory
More informationConduction Properties of the Cloned Shaker K+ Channel
Biophysial Journal Volume 65 November 1993 89-96 Condution Properties of the Cloned Shaker K+ Channel 89 Lise Heginbotham and Roderik MaKinnon Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medial Shool, Boston,
More informationAmplitude and time course of evoked and spontaneous synaptic currents in rat submandibular ganglion cells
4372 Journal of Physiology (1996), 49.1, pp. 149-157 Amplitude and time ourse of evoked and spontaneous synapti urrents in rat submandibular ganglion ells Robert J. allister and Brue Walmsley * The Neurosiene
More informationInterrelationships of Chloride, Bicarbonate, Sodium, and Hydrogen Transport in the Human Ileum
Interrelationships of Chloride, Biarbonate, Sodium, and Hydrogen Transport in the Human Ileum LEsLE A. TURNBERG, FREDERICK A. BIEBERDORF, STEPHEN G. MORAWSKI, and JOHN S. FORDTRAN From the Department of
More informationdescribing DNA reassociation* (renaturation/nucleation inhibition/single strand ends)
Pro. Nat. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 415-419, February 1976 Biohemistry Studies on nulei aid reassoiation kinetis: Empirial equations desribing DNA reassoiation* (renaturation/nuleation inhibition/single
More informationEffect of Curing Conditions on Hydration Reaction and Compressive Strength Development of Fly Ash-Cement Pastes
Effet of Curing Conditions on Hydration Reation and Development of Fly Ash-Cement Pastes Warangkana Saengsoy Candidate for the degree of Dotor of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Toyoharu Nawa Division
More informationEXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING
Br. J. lin. Pharma. (1978), 5, 293-297 EFFECT OF URINARYpH AND NICOTINE EXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING CIGARETTE SMOKING AND CHEWING NICOTINE GUM C. FEYERABEND & 1M.A.H. RUSSELL Poisons Unit,
More informationSleep apnoea profile in preterm infants recovering
Arhives of Disease in hildhood, 1985, 6, 547554 Sleep apnoea profile in preterm infants reovering from respiratory distress syndrome K H P BENTELE, M ALBANI, BUDDE, AND F J UniversitatsKinderklinik, HamburgEppendorf,
More informationCyclic Fluctuations of the Alveolar Carbon Dioxide Tension during the Normal Menstrual Cycle
Cyli Flutuations of the Alveolar Carbon Dioxide Tension during the Normal Menstrual Cyle Ruth L. Goodland, M.S., and W. T. Pommerenke, Ph.D., M.D. THE SHORT spa~ of funtional life of the unfertilized human
More informationMeasurement of Dose Rate Dependence of Radiation Induced Damage to the Current Gain in Bipolar Transistors 1
Measurement of Dose Rate Dependene of Radiation Indued Damage to the Current Gain in Bipolar Transistors 1 D. Dorfan, T. Dubbs, A. A. Grillo, W. Rowe, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, A. Seiden, E. Spener, S. Stromberg,
More informationRole of the actin cytoskeleton on epithelial Na
Kidney International, Vol. 48 (1995), pp. 970 984 Role of the atin ytoskeleton on epithelial Na hannel regulation Hoiio F. ANTIELLO Renal Unit, Massahusetts General Hospital and Department of Mediine,
More informationbetween normal children and children with primary
Arhives of Disease in Childhood, 1989, 64, 224-228 odium transport in erythroytes: differenes between normal hildren and hildren with primary and seondary hypertension M UCHIYAMA, V HAH, C E DAMAN WILLEM,
More informationModel of α-linolenic acid metabolism
Model of α-linoleni aid metabolism N.Kokulan, C.-H. Lai Shool of Computing and Mathematial Sienes University of Greenwih London, UK RAE2012 Competitive Grant with Shool of Siene Projet progress meeting
More informationaffecting conductance
Pro. Nati. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 81, pp. 2929-2933, May 1984 Neurobiology Halothane shortens aetylholine reeptor hannel kinetis without affeting ondutane (general anesthetis/path lamp/myoytes/ell ulture) JAMES
More informationAre piglet prices rational hog price forecasts?
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ELSEVIER Agriultural Eonomis 13 (1995) 119-123 Are piglet pries rational hog prie foreasts? Ole GjQ)lberg * Department of Eonomis and Soial Sienes, The Agriultural University of
More informationThe comparison of psychological evaluation between military aircraft noise and civil aircraft noise
The omparison of psyhologial evaluation between military airraft noise and ivil airraft noise Makoto MORINAGA ; Ippei YAMAMOTO ; Hidebumi TSUKIOKA ; Koihi MAKINO 2, Sonoko KUWANO 3, Mitsuo MATSUMOTO 4
More informationCoupled feedback loops maintain synaptic long-term. potentiation: A computational model of PKMzeta
1 Draft version 28, 2018-04-30. This paper has not been peer reviewed. Please do not opy or ite without author's permission. Coupled feedbak loops maintain synapti long-term potentiation: omputational
More informationUrbanization and childhood leukaemia in Taiwan
C International Epidemlologial Assoiation 1998 Printed in Great Britain International Journal of Epidemiology 199827:587-591 Urbanization and hildhood leukaemia in Taiwan Chung-Yi Li, a Ruey S Iin b and
More informationEffects of Fasting and Chronic Alcohol Consumption on the First-Pass Metabolism of Ethanol
GASTROENTEROLOGY 1987;9:1169-73 Effets of Fasting and Chroni Alohol Consumption on the First-Pass Metabolism of Ethanol CARLO DIPADOV A, THERESA M. WORNER, RISTO J. K. JULKUNEN, and CHARLES S. LIEBER Alohol
More informationExtracellular pancuronium affects sodium current in chick embryo sensory neurones
Br. J. Pharmaol. (1994), 111, 283-287 17" Mamillan Press Ltd, 1994 xtraellular panuronium affets sodium urrent in hik embryo sensory neurones gidio Maestrone, *Valeria Magnelli, tmario Nobile & "tcesare
More informationSequence Analysis using Logic Regression
Geneti Epidemiology (Suppl ): S66 S6 (00) Sequene Analysis using Logi Regression Charles Kooperberg Ingo Ruzinski, Mihael L. LeBlan, and Li Hsu Division of Publi Health Sienes, Fred Huthinson Caner Researh
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Verification of drug infusions into the IPN. a. Representative
Supplementary Figure 1. Verifiation of drug infusions into the IPN. a. Representative neutral red-stained oronal setion from a mouse with a guide annula targeting the IPN. The guide annula sar is irled
More informationLung function studies before and after a work shift
British J6urnal ofindustrial Mediine 1983;40:153-159 Lung funtion studies before and after a work shift R G LOVE From the Institute of Oupational Mediine, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, UK ABSTRAT The lung funtion
More informationclinical conditions using a tape recorder system
Thorax (1964), 19, 125 Objetive assessment of ough suppressants under linial onditions using a tape reorder system C. R. WOOLF AND A. ROSENBERG From the Respiratory Unit, Sunnybrook Hospital (Department
More informationMODELING THE AIRWAY SURFACE LIQUID REGULATION IN HUMAN LUNGS. Peiying Zuo
MODELING THE AIRWAY SURFACE LIQUID REGULATION IN HUMAN LUNGS Peiying Zuo A dissertation submitted to the faulty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements
More informationEFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRESERVATION ON THE QUALITY OF CATTLE AND GOAT MEAT. Abstract
Bang. J. Anim. Si. 2009, 38(1&2) : 86 91 ISSN 0003-3588 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRESERVATION ON THE QUALITY OF CATTLE AND GOAT MEAT S. Bin. Faisal, S. Akhter 1 and M. M. Hossain Abstrat The study
More informationCostly Price Discrimination
Costly Prie Disrimination Peter T. Leeson and Russell S. Sobel Department of Eonomis, West Virginia University February 16, 26 Abstrat In standard miroeonomi theory, perfet prie disrimination is soially
More informationMonte Carlo dynamics study of motions in &s-unsaturated hydrocarbon chains
Monte Carlo dynamis study of motions in &s-unsaturated hydroarbon hains Y. K. Levine Department of Moleular Biophysis, Buys Ballot Laboratory, The Netherlands University of Utreht, 3508 TA Utreht, A. Kolinski
More informationCysticfibrosis. Abnormalities of airway epithelial function and the implications of the discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene
124 Cystifibrosis - 4 Thorax 1991;46:124-130 Series editor: D JShale University Department of Pharmaology, Cambridge CB2 1QJ A W Cuthbert Reprint requests to: Professor Cuthbert Abnormalities of airway
More informationRegulation of spike timing in visual cortical circuits
Regulation of spike timing in visual ortial iruits Paul Tiesinga*, Jean-Mar Fellous and Terrene J. Sejnowski Abstrat A train of ation potentials (a spike train) an arry information in both the average
More information- trna complexes in several other systems : methionyl-trna
Eur. J. Biohem. 24 (1972) 461-469 The Mehanism of Reation of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase from Esherihia oli Interation of the Enzyme with Ligands of the Amino-Aid-Ativation Reation Sylvain BLANQUET, Guy
More informationStudy of Necrosis in the Liver of Formaldehyde and Benzo(α)Pyrene Exposured-Mice
THE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL LIFE SCIENCE OPEN ACCESS Freely available online VOL. 3, NO. 1, pp. 58 62, January, 2013 Study of Nerosis in the Liver of Formaldehyde and Benzo(α)Pyrene Exposured-Mie Ahmad Soni,
More informationReversal of ammonia coma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effect
Gut, 1979, 2, 28-32 Reversal of ammonia oma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effet L. ZV1, W. M. DOZAK, AND R. F. DRR From the Department of Mediine, Hennepin ounty Medial enter and Minneapolis Veterans
More informationReading a Textbook Chapter
HENR.546x.APPBpp001-013 7/21/04 9:37 AM Page 1 APPENDIX B Reading a Textbook Chapter Copyright 2005 Pearson Eduation, In. 1 2 Read the following hapter from the ollege textbook Total Fitness: Exerise,
More informationWhat causes the spacing effect? Some effects ofrepetition, duration, and spacing on memory for pictures
Memory & Cognition 1975, Vol. 3 (3), 287 294 What auses the spaing effet? Some effets ofrepetition, duration, and spaing on memory for pitures DOUGLAS 1. HNTZMAN, JEFFERY J. SUMMERS, and RCHARD A. BLOCK
More informationMass spectra of liquid crystals. V.Cyclohexyl and phenyl esters of cyclohexanecarboxylic and benzoic acids
Mass spetra of liquid rystals. V.Cylohexyl and phenyl esters of ylohexanearboxyli and benzoi aids Citation for published version (APA): Lelerq, P. A., & Bogaert, van den, H. M. (). Mass spetra of liquid
More informationSystematic Review of Trends in Fish Tissue Mercury Concentrations
Systemati Review of Trends in Fish Tissue Merury Conentrations Tom Grieb 1, Roxanne Karimi 2, Niholas Fisher 2, Leonard Levin 3 (1) Tetra Teh, In., Lafayette, CA, USA; (2) State University of New York,
More informationUnit 02 - The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health. True / False
True / False 1. Geneti traits exert the strongest overall influene on health and longevity. False 2. The bodies of modern humans adapted to exist on a diet of wild game, fish, fruits, nuts, seeds, roots,
More informationIncentive Downshifts Evoke Search Repertoires in Rats
Journal of Experimental Psyhology: Animal Behavior Proesses 1999, Vol. 25, No. 2,153-167 Copyright 1999 by the Amerian Psyhologial Assoiation, In. 0097-7403/99/$3.00 Inentive Downshifts Evoke Searh Repertoires
More informationi Y I I Analysis of Breakdown Voltage and On Resistance of Super-junction Power MOSFET CoolMOSTM Using Theory of Novel Voltage Sustaining Layer
Analysis of Breakdown Voltage and On Resistane of Super-juntion Power MOSFET CoolMOSTM Using Theory of Novel Voltage Sustaining Layer P. N. Kondekar, Student Member ZEEE, C.D. Parikh, Member ZEEE and M.
More informationCharacterization of the Calcium-binding Site That Regulates Association of Protein Kinase C with Phospholipid Bilayers*
"I ". THE JORNAL OF BIOLOOICAL CHEMISTRY 0 1994 by The Amerian Soiety for Biohemistry and Moleular Biology, In. Vol. 269, No. 19, Issue of May 13, pp. 13798-13805, 1994 Printed in.s.a. Charaterization
More informationPRESENCE OF A GASTRIC MOTOR-STIMULATING PROPERTY IN DUODENAL EXTRACTS
GASTRONTROLOGY opyright 1967 by The Williams & Wilkins o. Vol. 52, No.2, Pat 1 Printed in U.S.A. PRSN OF A GASTR MOTOR-STMULATNG PROPRTY N DUODNAL XTRATS JOHN. BROWN, PH.D. Department of Physiology, University
More informationPre-Steady-State Transient Currents Mediated by the Na/K Pump in
912 iophysial Journal Volume 66 Marh 1994 912-922 Pre-Steady-State Transient Currents Mediated by the Na/K Pump in Internally Perfused Xenopus Ooytes M. Holmgren and R. F. Rakowski Department of Physiology
More informationA unitary mechanism of calcium antagonist drug action '(dihydropyridine/nifedipine/verapamil/neuroleptic/diltiazem)
Pro. Nati Aad. Si. USA Vol. 8, pp. 86-864, February 1983 Medial Sienes A unitary mehanism of alium antagonist drug ation '(dihydropyridine/nifedipine/verapamil/neurolepti/diltiazem) KENNETH M. M. MURPHY,
More informationDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
PPR 16 RSTRUTON O LOO LOW N TRNSCNNTL MTTON R. VNN,.. WLSON, W.R. SMT, and M. MORTON epartment of Mediine, University of California, rvine, California, U.S.. Mar ked dereases in hepati and renal blood
More informationStructure of human plasma low-density lipoproteins: Molecular
Pro. Natl. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 142-146, Marh 1977 Biophysis Struture of human plasma low-density lipoproteins: Moleular organization of the entral ore (small-angle x-ray sattering/holesterol
More informationSodium-Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase
Sodium-Potassium-Ativated Adenosine Triphosphatase of Brain Mirosomes: Modifiation of Sodium Inhibition by Diphenylhydantoins GORG J. SIGL and BVRLY B. GOODWIN From the Departments of Neurology and Physiology,
More informationXenopus oocytes. (ISDN) or nitroglycerin, is therapeutically important in the. organic nitrates requires a sophisticated enzyme system
4691 Journal of Physiology (1996), 491.3, pp.735-741 735 Effet of isosorbiddinitrate on exogenously expressed slowly ativating K+ hannels and endogenous K+ hannels in Xenopus ooytes. E. ush, H.-G. Kopp,
More informationAssociation and release of prostaglandin E from liposomes
Biohimia et Biophysia Ata 1327 1997 97 106 Assoiation and release of prostaglandin E from liposomes 1 Sharon M.K. Davidson, Donna Cabral-Lilly, Frank P. Maurio, J. Craig Franklin, Sharma R. Minhey, Patrik
More informationWise, 1974), and this was shown to be associated with an increase in the rate of 45Ca. Denmark (Received 18 August 1978) by tetracaine (104 M).
J. Physiol. (1979), 292, pp. 55-526 55 With 11 text-ftgurew Printed in Great Britain THE EFFECT OF HYPEROSMOLARITY AND INSULIN ON RESTING TENSION AND CALCIUM FLUXES IN RAT SOLEUS MUSCLE BY T. CLAUSEN,
More informationTHE ATP-DEPENDENT CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM BY A GOLGI APPARATUS-RICH FRACTION ISOLATED FROM RAT LIVER
J. Cell Si. 30, 117-128 (1978) Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited igys THE ATP-DEPENDENT CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM BY A GOLGI APPARATUS-RICH FRACTION ISOLATED FROM RAT LIVER STUART HODSON
More informationThe effects of bilingualism on stuttering during late childhood
Additional information is published online only at http:// ad.bmj.om/ontent/vol93/ issue11 1 Division of Psyhology and Language Sienes, University College London, London, UK; 2 Department of Language and
More informationChemically bound water as measure of degree of hydration: method and potential errors
Chemially bound ater as measure of degree of hydration: method and potential errors Fagerlund, Göran Published: 29-1-1 Link to publiation Citation for published version (APA): Fagerlund, G. (29). Chemially
More informationDEPOSITION AND CLEARANCE OF FINE PARTICLES IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY TRACT
PII: S0003^t878(96)00171-8 Ann. oup. Hyg., Vol. 41, Supplement 1, pp. 503-508, 1997 1997 British Oupational Hygiene Soiety Published by Elsevier Siene Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain
More informationphosphatidylcholine by high performance liquid chromatography: a partial resolution of molecular species
A large-sale purifiation of phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylholine by high performane liquid hromatography: a partial resolution of moleular speies R. S. Fager,
More informationMonday 16 May 2016 Afternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Oxford Cambridge and RS S Level Psyhology H167/01 Researh methods Monday 16 May 2016 fternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes * 6 4 0 4 5 2 5 3 9 3 * You must have: a alulator * H 1 6 7 0 1 * First name
More informationOnset, timing, and exposure therapy of stress disorders: mechanistic insight from a mathematical model of oscillating neuroendocrine dynamics
Kim et al. RESEARCH arxiv:63.2773v [q-bio.nc] 9 Mar 26 Onset, timing, and exposure therapy of stress disorders: mehanisti insight from a mathematial model of osillating neuroendorine dynamis Lae Kim, Maria
More informationMETHODS JULIO A. PANZA, MD, ARSHED A. QUYYUMI, MD, JEAN G. DIODATI, MD, TIMOTHY S. CALLAHAN, MS, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, MD, FACC
JACC Vol. 17. No.3 Marh 1. 1991 :657-63 657 METHODS Predition of the Frequeny and Duration of Ambulatory Myoardial Ishemia in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease by Determination of the Ishemi
More informationDifferentiating Drug-Induced Multichannel Block on the Electrocardiogram: Randomized Study of Dofetilide, Quinidine, Ranolazine, and Verapamil
nature publishing group Clinial Trial Differentiating Drug-Indued Multihannel Blok on the Eletroardiogram: Randomized Study of Dofetilide, Quinidine, Ranolazine, and Verapamil L Johannesen 1,2, J Viente
More informationIon channels in transit: Voltage-gated Na and K channels in axoplasmic organelles of the squid Loligo pealei
Pro. Nati. ad. Si. US Vol. 88, pp. 4391-4395, May 1991 Neurobiology on hannels in transit: Voltage-gated Na and K hannels in axoplasmi organelles of the squid Loligo pealei (squid giant axon/axoplasmi
More informationoxide-independent mechanisms in acetylcholine-evoked dilatation of the rat mesenteric bed
Br. J. Pharmaol. (1994), 113, 1275-1280 f;." Mamillan Press Ltd, 1994 The relative importane of nitri oide and nitri oide-independent mehanisms in aetylholine-evoked dilatation of the rat mesenteri bed
More informationUltrasonic characterization of ovulatory follicular evacuation and luteal development in heifers
Ultrasoni haraterization of ovulatory folliular evauation and luteal development in heifers K. Kot and O. J. Ginther Animal Health and Biomediai Sienes, University of Wisonsin-Madison, Madison, Wisonsin
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Optial ontrolling reveals time-dependent roles for adult-orn dentate granule ells Yan Gu, Maithe Arruda-Carvalho 3,4, Jia Wang, Stephen Janoshka,, Sheena Josselyn 3-5, Paul Frankland
More informationpreviously (Leff & Harper, 1989) this provides an experimental test for the operation of conditions under which erroneous
Br. J. Pharmaol. (199), 11, 55-6 If--" MamiUan Press Ltd, 199 Pharmaologial estimation of agonist affinity: detetion of errors that may be aused by the operation of reeptor isomerisation or ternary omplex
More informationEvaluation of a prototype for a reference platelet
932 Royal Postgraduate Medial Shool, Duane Road, London W12 ONN S M Lewis Western Infirmary, Glasgow R M Rowan Toa Medial Eletronis, Kobe, Japan F Kubota Correspondene to: Dr S M Lewis Aepted for publiation
More informationSTRUCTURAL AND HORMONAL ALTERATIONS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF PARENTERALLY FED RATS
GASTRONTROLOGY 68:1177-1183, 1975 Copyright 1975 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 68, No.5, Part 1 Printed in U.S.A. STRUCTURAL AND HORMONAL ALTRATIONS IN TH GASTROINTSTINAL TRACT OF PARNTRALLY FD RATS
More informationMoclobemide excretion in human breast milk
Br. J. lin. Pharma. (199), 29, 27-31 Molobemide exretion in human breast milk G. PONS', M. P. SCHORLIN2, Y. K. TAM3, C. MORAN', J. P. PFFN2, Ch. FRANCOUAL4, A. M. PDARRIOSS5, J. CHAVINI4 & G. OLIV' Departement
More informationInter-relationships between inflammatory mediators
Gut 1993; 34: 53-58 Department of Mediine and the Epithelial Membrane Researh entre, University of Manhester, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manhester T D Wardle L Hall L A Turnberg orrespondene to: T D Wardle,
More informationADVANCED NEUTRON IRRADIATION SYSTEM USING TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR SCIENCE CENTER REACTOR
ADVANED NEUTRON IRRADIATION SYSTEM USING TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY NULEAR SIENE ENTER REATOR A Dissertation by SI YOUNG JANG Submitted to the Offie of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment
More informationperistaltic activity in the colon. surface-acting agents such as bisacodyl and oxyphenisatin (Hardcastle and Mann, 1968).
Gut, 1970, 11, 41-46 Physial fators in the stimulation of oloni peristalsis J. D. HRDSTLE ND. V. MNN From St Mark's Hospital, London, and The London Hospital SUMMRY The effet of oloni distension and hanges
More informationAbstrat The goal of this qualifying projet was to investigate the output of neutron radiation by the new fast neutron failities at the University of M
Abstrat The goal of this qualifying projet was to investigate the output of neutron radiation by the new fast neutron failities at the University of Massahusetts, Lowell Researh Reator. This was done by
More informationTranslocation of a hydrocarbon fluorescent probe between Epstein-Barr virus and lymphoid cells: An assay for
Pro. Natl. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 576-58, Otober 1978 ell Biology Transloation of a hydroarbon fluoresent probe between Epstein-Barr virus and lymphoid ells: An assay for early events in viral
More informationEffects of Hemodialysis and of Glucose-Insulin Administration on Plasma Potassium and on the Electrocardiogram
ffets of Hemodialysis and of Gluose-Insulin Administration on Plasma Potassium and on the letroardiogram By Borys Surawiz, M.D., Arthur S. Kunin, M.D., and than A. H. Sims, M.D. With the tehnial assistane
More informationDirection of active sliding of microtubules in Tetrahymena cilia (dynein/cell motility/electron microscopy)
Pro. Natl. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 74, No. 5, pp.2045-2049, May 1977 Cell Biology Diretion of ative sliding of mirotubules in Tetrahymena ilia (dynein/ell motility/eletron mirosopy) WINFIELD S. SALE AND PETER
More informationOne objective of quality family-planning services is to. Onsite Provision of Specialized Contraceptive Services: Does Title X Funding Enhance Access?
JOURNAL OF WOMEN S HEALTH Volume 23, Number 5, 204 ª Mary Ann Liebert, In. DOI: 0.089/jwh.203.45 Onsite Provision of Speialized Contraeptive Servies: Does Title X Funding Enhane Aess? Heike Thiel de Boanegra,
More informationStress is an essential component of an organism s attempt
Timing and bistability in the hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal axis: a model for onset and exposure therapy of stress disorders Lae Un Kim, Maria D Orsogna, Tom Chou Department of iomathematis, UCL, Los ngeles,
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Evolution of Hollow TiO 2 Nanostrutures via the Kirkendall Effet Driven y Cation Exhange with Enhaned Photoeletrohemial Performane Yanhao Yu, 1 Xin Yin, 1 Alexander Kvit, 1,2 Xudong
More informationmouths before diffusional equilibration can occur at the
PRSYNAPTI ALIUM DIFFUSION FROM VARIOUS ARRAYS OF SINGL HANNLS Impliations for Transmitter Release and Synapti Failitation AARON L. FOGLSON AND ROBRT S. ZUKR Departments ofmathematis and Physiology-Anatomy,
More informationMechanisms of histamine stimulated secretion in
Gut, 1981, 22, 964-970 Mehanisms of histamine stimulated seretion in rabbit ileal muosa* B D LNAKER,t J S MKAY,+ N B HGGS, AND L A TURNBERG From the Department of Mediine, Hope Hospital (University of
More informationBK channels affect glucose homeostasis and cell viability of murine pancreatic beta cells
Diabetologia (211) 54:423 432 DOI 1.17/s125-1-1936- ARTICLE BK hannels affet gluose homeostasis and ell viability of murine panreati beta ells M. Düfer & Y. Neye & K. Hörth & P. Krippeit-Drews & A. Hennige
More informationAmerican Orthodontics Exhibit 1001 Page 1 of 6. US 6,276,930 Bl Aug. 21,2001 /IIIII
(12) United States Patent Pozzi /IIIII 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US006276930Bl (10) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent: US 6,276,930 Bl Aug. 21,2001 (54) ORTHODONTIC AID
More informationMineral Oil Application Experiments: Reducing Current Season PVY
Mineral Oil Appliation Experiments: Reduing Current Season PVY Prinipal Investigator(s). Russell L. Groves, Assistant Professor and Entomology Extension Speialist, Department of Entomology, 537 Russell
More informationCr (VI) induced changes in the activity of few ion dependent A TPases in three vital organs of mudskipper Periophthalmus dipes (Pisces: Gobidae)
Indian Journal of Marine Sienes Vol. 28, Marh 1999, pp. 45-49 r (VI) indued hanges in the ativity of few ion dependent A TPases in three vital organs of mudskipper Periophthalmus dipes (Pises: Gobidae)
More informationLearned spatiotemporal sequence recognition and prediction in primary visual cortex
Supplementary Materials for Learned spatiotemporal sequene reognition and predition in primary visual ortex Jeffrey P. Gavornik and Mark F. Bear Howard Hughes Medial Institute Piower Institute for Learning
More informationRate of processing and judgment of response speed: Comparing the effects of alcohol and practice
Pereption & Psyhophysis 1989, 45 (4), 431-438 Rate of proessing and judgment of response speed: Comparing the effets of alohol and pratie E. A. MAYLOR, P. M. A. RABBITT, and S. A. V. CONNOLLY University
More informationA DESIGN ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR SQUEAK AND RATTLE PERFORMANCE
A DESIGN ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR SQUEAK AND RATTLE PERFORMANCE David E. Soine, Harold A. Evensen, and Charles D. Van Karsen Center for Applied Researh in Dynai Systes Mehanial Engineering-Engineering Mehanis
More informationThomas Kahan, Lennart Bergfeldt
250 Cardiomyopathy LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN HYPERTENSION: ITS ARRHYTHMOGENIC POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT See end of artile for authors affiliations Correspondene to: Professor Lennart Bergfeldt, Department
More informationEffect of pleural effusion on respiratory mechanics, and the influence of deep inflation, in dogs
Eur Respir J 199, 6, 19- Effet of pleural effusion on respiratory mehanis, and the influene of deep inflation, in dogs G. Dehman, J. Sato, J.H.T. Bates Effet of pleural effusion on respiratory mehanis,
More informationData Retrieval Methods by Using Data Discovery and Query Builder and Life Sciences System
Appendix E1 Data Retrieval Methods by Using Data Disovery and Query Builder and Life Sienes System All demographi and linial data were retrieved from our institutional eletroni medial reord databases by
More informationIn-vivo determination of lead in the skeleton after occupational exposure to lead
British Journal of Industrial Mediine 198;37:19-113 In-vivo determination of lead in the skeleton after oupational exposure to lead L AHLGREN,' BIRGITTA HAEGER-ARONSEN,2 S MATTSSON,' AND A SCHUTZ3 From
More informationconstituent amino acids in man'
Gut, 197, 11, 25-254 Intestinal absorption of arnosine and its onstituent amino aids in man' A. M. ASATOOR, J. K. BANDOH2, A. F. LANT, M. D. MILN, AND F. NAVAB From the Medial Unit of the Westminster Hospital,
More informationChristian Carpene, Michel Berlan, and Max Lafontan
Influene of development and redution of fat stores on the antilipolyti a,-adrenoeptor in hamster adipoytes: omparison with adenosine and,&adrenergi lipolyti responses' Christian Carpene, Mihel Berlan,
More informationMethylglyoxal modification of Na v 1.8 facilitates nociceptive neuron firing and causes hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy
A r t i l e s Methylglyoxal modifiation of Na v 1.8 failitates noieptive neuron firing and auses hyperalgesia in diabeti neuropathy Angelika Bierhaus 1,2, Thomas Fleming 1,2, Stoyan Stoyanov 1, Andreas
More informationAlpha-Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Myocardium
Alpha-Adrenergi Reeptors in Rat Myoardium Identifiation by Binding of [ 3 H]Dihydroergoryptine 721 R. SANDERS WILLIAMS AND ROBERT J. LEFKOWITZ SUMMARY [ 3 H]Dihydroergoryptine ([ 3 H]DHE) binds to sites
More information