BOHS-Series. Ergonomics Training Module

Transcription

1 BOHS-Series Ergonomics Training Module

2 IAOH INTRODUCTION

3 IAOH What is Ergonomics? Ergo = nomics = work laws or rules Ergonomics = the laws of work OSHA defines ergonomics as: the science of designing the job to fit the worker, instead of forcing the worker to fit the job.

4 IAOH The science of Ergonomics is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design.

5 IAOH Goals Of Ergonomics Provide a safe and healthful working environment engineered to the capabilities of the human body Increase efficiency and productivity by reducing fatigue. Prevention of Occupational injury & illness. Work quality improvement.

6 IAOH Straight Back Rule Belly Button Rule Swinging Arm Rule Straight Wrist Rule Straight Eye Rule Skin Rule No Brain Machine Rule Rules Of Ergonomics

7 IAOH Methodology To Achieve The Goals

8 IAOH Improving Workplace

9 IAOH Awkward postures

10 IAOH Posture

11 IAOH There are no right or correct ways to sit, stand or lift... However, there are more and less demanding ways!

12 IAOH Good posture is a great 'tool' to help in prevention of pain.

13 IAOH Typical Work Situation Relationship Between User, Keyboard, Monitor And Mouse Graphic Representation Mouse Keyboard Body

14 IAOH Risk Factors Force Repetition Posture Pain

15 IAOH What Should I Look For? Awkward postures Repetition Force 15

16 IAOH Why Ergonomics? Employee Concerns Comfort Fatigue Injuries Job satisfaction Decreased boredom Decreased stress Reasonable workloads Employer Concerns Worker s comp costs Productivity Errors Products Profit 16

17 IAOH Poor Ergonomic Design o Decreased efficiency o Decreased productivity o Errors o Turnover o Absenteeism o Job avoidance

18 IAOH What Can Ergonomics Do? discomfort accidents and injuries accuracy efficiency satisfaction job retention 18

19 IAOH How Do I Start? Identify problems Complaints of discomfort Symptom surveys Near misses Accidents Injuries Errors High turnover 19

20 IAOH How Do I Make a Quick Impact? Reduce lifting Lifting equipment Job redesign 20

21 IAOH Tool Use Example Working with bent wrists decreases grip strength Use tools that let you keep your wrist straight

22 IAOH OFFICE ERGONOMICS

23 IAOH Office Comprises Chair Table Computer Other items like- files, phone, etc.

24 IAOH Chair Adjustment

25 IAOH Seven Contact Points

26 IAOH Chair Cont.- Good chair should have Adjustability of height Backrest Seat depth Adjustable arm rest Stability.

27 IAOH Keyboard Adjustment

28 IAOH Key Board Adjustment Pull up close to your keyboard & Position IT directly in front of you. Determine what section of the keyboard you use most frequently, and readjust the keyboard accordingly. Adjust the keyboard height so that your shoulders are relaxed, your elbows are in a slightly open position (100 to 110 ), and your wrists and hands are straight.

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30 IAOH Key Board Trays Best height for keyboard is generally at elbow height or lower. Tray should hold keyboard as well as mouse.

31 IAOH Computer Mouse

32 IAOH Computer Mouse Hazardous Generally while using the mouse, person stretching the arm outwards and forwards to hold it there with unsupported forearm as long as they are using the mouse.

33 IAOH Cont.- Computer Mouse Hazardous This posture caused Pain on top of the hand, around the wrist Along the forearm and elbow Numbness and tingling in the thumb & index finger May develop the carpel tunnel syndrome Soreness and fatigue by putting extra load on the muscles of upper back & shoulder

34 IAOH Correct Method Of Using Mouse Don't squeeze it. Hold it loosely in your hand with a relaxed grip. Keep your fingers relaxed. Keep your wrist straight.

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36 IAOH Monitor Adjustment

37 IAOH Position Of Monitor Viewing angle- degree above or below an imaginary horizontal line at the level of viewer s eyes & center of the object being looked at. place the monitor at about 15 degrees below the horizontal line. Poor angle leads to postural (neck & shoulders) discomfort. Position the top of the screen should be at eye level or slightly lower. (If you wear bifocals, lower the monitor to a comfortable reading level.) Centre the monitor directly in front of you, above your keyboard.

38 IAOH Viewing distance 41 Sit at least an arm's length away from the screen and then adjust the distance for your vision

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40 IAOH Monitor, Document, and Telephone Incorrect positioning of the screen and documents can result in awkward postures. Look for glares and reduce it. Place the documents directly in front, between the monitor and the keyboard. Place your telephone within easy reach. Use headsets and speaker phone to eliminate cradling the handset.

41 IAOH Incorrect Method of Using Computer

42 IAOH Correct Method of Using Computer

43 IAOH Manual Ergonomics

44 IAOH Manual handling includes Lifting Throwing Pushing Pulling Carrying Moving Holding Repetitive tasks such as : packing, typing, assembling, cleaning, sorting, operating machinery and equipment

45 IAOH Anatomy of Back & Back Injuries Knowing what causes back injuries can help you prevent them.

46 IAOH Manual Materials Handling Golden rule Eliminate lifts When you can t Keep it off the floor Reduce lifts o Conveyors o Adjust work flow 49

47 IAOH Making a Difference If they have to lift, teach them how! High risk groups first Then campus-wide 50

48 IAOH How Should You Lift? Stoop Squat Semi-squat

49 IAOH Stoop Can get close to load Less effort and energy than squatting Fast.but it increases strain on low back

50 IAOH Squat Limits strain on low back.but it is difficult to keep load close.requires increased effort and energy.and it is inefficient

51 IAOH Less work Semi-Squat Lift Preferred for lifting heavy objects on occasional basis

52 IAOH Squat and Semi-Squat Lifts More protective of back Preferred by injured workers

53 IAOH Preferred / Not Preferred Position Not Preferred Position Preferred Position

54 IAOH MUSCULO SKELETAL DISORDERS (WMSDS)

55 IAOH Musculo Skeletal Disorders Also known as: Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs) Overuse injuries Soft tissue injuries

56 IAOH Causes MSDs Risk Factors Awkward Postures High Hand Force Repetitive Motions = Repeated Impacts Heavy, Frequent, or Awkward Lifting Moderate to High Vibration

57 IAOH Risk Factors Risk of injury depends upon: Duration of exposure (how long) Frequency of exposure (how often) Intensity of exposure (how much) Combinations of risk factors

58 IAOH How Do MSDs Affect the Body? Force Repetition Posture Pain

59 IAOH Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Carpal tunnel syndrome Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) Synovitis Muscle strains Raynaud's phenomenon Sciatica Rotator cuff tendonitis De Quervains' disease Trigger finger Low back pain Disc Herniation

60 IAOH Symptoms of MSDs Discomfort Pain Numbness Tingling Burning Swelling Change in color Tightness, loss of flexibility

61 IAOH Stages of Progression Early Stage-The body aches and feels tired at work, but symptoms disappear during time away from work. The injury will heal completely if dealt with properly at this early stage. Intermediate Stage-The injured area aches and feels weak near start of work. Work is more difficult to do. The injury will still heal completely if dealt with properly. Late Stage-The injured area aches and feels weak even at rest. Sleep is affected. Even light duties are very difficult.

62 IAOH Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Causes- swelling of flexor tendons due to repeated exertions. Repeated or prolonged forceful exertions of the hand combined with wrist flexion. Repeated or prolonged nonneutral wrist postures. Blunt Trauma. Rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue disorders. Endocrine disorders: myxedema, acromegaly, diabetes, pregnancy.

63 IAOH This is caused by prolonged gripping activities such as- hammering driving screws weight lifting Tennis Elbow playing certain musical instruments digging in the garden driving racquet sports etc. The pain is exacerbated by gripping activities like turning a door handle can cause intense pain.

64 IAOH Stages Of Cervical Disc Herniation 1. Poor posture, incorrect and/or repetitive lifting or twisting can place additional stress on spines. 2. Aging. 3. Trauma. 4. Lifestyle - Lack of regular exercise, tobacco use substantially contribute to poor disc health.

65 IAOH Back Pain Compression Injury Tension Injury Shearing Forces Torsion Forces Acting On A Vertebra forward bending of the spine, Twisting movements of the spine Overstretching

66 IAOH Common causes of back-pain Accidents and injuries Twist and sprains Improper working postures Lifting heavy weights Prolonged working in same posture Fatigue and tiredness Infections and diseases Pregnancy

67 IAOH Prevention & Control of Ergonomic Risk Conditions Engineering controls Work practice controls Administrative controls

68 IAOH Eye Strain While Working On VDT Experienced as Burning Tightness Sharp or dull pains Watering Blurring Double vision Headache etc.

69 IAOH Eye Strain While Working On VDT Factors- Glare light source shining directly into the eyes e.g. ceiling lights, bright. windows etc. The luminance (brightness) difference between what is being looked at and its immediate environment The distance between the eye and screen and document The readability of screen and document The workers vision and his or her corrective lenses

70 IAOH Prevention Of Eye Strain Watch out for glare. Follow 20/20/20 rule means every twenty minutes, look twenty feet away for twenty seconds. It may be due to dryness of eyes. Lowering the monitor. looking downward more of eye surface will be covered by the eyelids and eyes blinks more leads more lubrication. Keep the proper distance and angle between eyes and monitor.

71 IAOH Cont.- Prevention Of Eye Strain Peoples who needs bifocal glass often experiences sore neck and shoulder because they have to tip their heads back to see the computer screen. Other options for them like Progressive addition lenses (PAL) For persons working long hours with computers the PAL is the choice. Wearing contact lenses

72 IAOH What you can do? Recognize and report symptoms Get involved in ergonomics

73 IAOH Symptom Recognition and Reporting Report symptoms if: Pain is persistent, severe or worsening Pain radiates Symptoms include numbness or tingling Symptoms keep you from sleeping at night

74 IAOH Key Points To Remember Ergonomics can help you on your job MSDs can happen in jobs with risk factors Risk factors can be reduced and MSDs prevented Reporting symptoms early is important You can help your company put ergonomics changes into place

75 IAOH Thumb Rules To Prevent MSDS Use moderate postures for individual joints Don t use too much force Break for 4-5 min. for every hour spent at workstation to ease muscle aches, eye strain & stress. Vary the tasks. Break up the keyboard task work by doing other job. Look away from the screen & focus your eyes on an object far away time to time. Relax your muscles, stretch & change position.

76 IAOH Ergonomic Exercise

77 IAOH Reason For Stretch At Work Reduce muscle tension & stress, increase alertness, improve circulation and productivity. Reduction in day to day tiredness. To feel better

78 IAOH Stretch At Work Stretches must be performed slowly and carefully. They shouldn t be painful. If they are painful, stop and consult doctor. Make slow movements- avoid rapid or jerky movements. Hold the stretch for at least 5-7 seconds. Stretch frequently, especially when sitting or in other constrained environments.

79 IAOH Schedule -Each exercise 3 times 1. Preparations:- Remove shoes. Take out mobiles spectacles, pen, diary etc 2. Neck movement (a) Bending backwards (b) Rotate left center right (c) Bend sideways 3. Neck exercise push counter push by both hands. 4. Eyes (a) Squeezing 10 times (b) Palming 5. Shoulders (a) Up / down (b) Rotate clock-wise (c) Rotate anticlockwise 6. Palm pressure & Fist Rotation

80 IAOH Schedule -Each exercise 3 times 7. Namaskar (Front) pose + movement up/down 9. Executive stretch 11.Calf muscle stretch 12.Thigh muscle stretch 13.Walking on heels & toes Executive stretch Calf muscle stretch

81 IAOH Thank you Have a Nice Ach free Day Dr Raghvendra Gupta Chief medical Officer Raghvendra.Gupta@ril.com