Objectives. Running Analysis: Sprint. The Lost Art. What is Acceleration. Force Velocity Curve 3/6/2017

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Objectives Running Analysis: Sprint Presented by Brenton A Hardy, MEd, ATC,

Understand basic sprinting mechanics and utilization of acceleration training

Rehabilitation approach to mimichigher level activity and reducing re-injury

Transition from therapy to optimal human performance The Lost Art What is

1 Objectives Running Analysis: Sprint Presented by Brenton A Hardy, MEd, ATC, CSCS 1. Understand basic sprinting mechanics and utilization of acceleration training in programs 2. Rehabilitation approach to mimichigher level activity and reducing re-injury rate 3. Transition from therapy to optimal human performance The Lost Art What is Acceleration Definition: Increase in rate of speed Physics: the rate of change of velocity per unit of time Newton s 2 and 3 Laws F = MxA Equal and opposite reaction (horizontal ground force) Simple terms: Going from point Ato point Bas explosive and quickly as possible. Force Velocity Curve 1

Force Velocity Curve With Strength Training

Systems ATP-PC 1 to 10 seconds Anaerobic

adapt, change stimulus) Metabolic Stress

2 Force Velocity Curve With Strength Training Power/Intensity Variation Energy Systems Systems ATP-PC 1 to 10 seconds Anaerobic Glycolysis 30 secs to 1 min Aerobic/Oxidative 2mins or more Varies Intensity Adaptation (Train stimulus, adapt, change stimulus) Metabolic Stress Mechanical Stress Acceleration Mechanics Positioning Arm action (pinch pennies) Loose Leg Drive Piston like Angles (body lean) 45 degrees or more Weight distribution in the feet kinesthetic awareness Poor Mechanical Stress Proper Mechanical Stress 2

Hamstring Injuries Strains account for 12-16% Ahigh 22-34%

highest in the late swing phase and is higher for the biceps

torque increases with increased hip flexion General Strengthening

DL and SL Nordic Hamstring Curls Prone Physio-ball (aka hissy

Approach Soft Tissue Techniques IASTM TPR/ART Supple Leopard (Self

facilitated to athlete facilitated Input to the system Mobility

BrettzelStretch (global mobility) Lengthen the tissue to own the

assist such as a kettlebell or bands Can also be bodyweight such

3 Hamstring Injuries Strains account for 12-16% Ahigh 22-34% re-injury rate (Morein et al 2015) Risk of injury is at its highest in the late swing phase and is higher for the biceps femoristhan for the medial hamstrings (Guex et al 2012) Hamstring torque increases with increased hip flexion General Strengthening Glute/Back Bridge Series DL/SL/Eccentric PB Hip Ext with Leg Curls DL and SL Nordic Hamstring Curls Prone Physio-ball (aka hissy fits) higher bicep femoris EMG activity (Tsaklis et al 2015) Rehab Approach Soft Tissue Techniques IASTM TPR/ART Supple Leopard (Self myofascial techniques) The more you can move from clinician facilitated to athlete facilitated Input to the system Mobility Mobility = strength + flexibility Voodoo Bands Super Bands BrettzelStretch (global mobility) Lengthen the tissue to own the new ROM Stability Stability = End Range strengthening Can use core assist such as a kettlebell or bands Can also be bodyweight such as DNS posture exercises Goal is to transition through the neurodevelopmental sequence from NWB to WB. 3

4 Supine Position Supine Position KB Triple Flexion With ASLR SL GB Start End (extension) Side-lying Position Half Kneel Positions VasoStrap Star Extension Half Kneel Single Leg Stance Half Kneel Lift With Rear Foot Elevated Single Leg Stance lift With End Range Psoas Activation 4

5 Pattern Pattern Static Lower Dynamic Lower Standing Position Extended Position Common Mistakes Common Mistakes Quad dominate Forward Trunk Lean Trunk Flexion Trunk Extension Transition Horizontal Ground Force Wall Drill Versa Climber Hamstrings and Hip extension play a predominate roll in sprinting for force production (Morin et al 2015) Fatigue in the hamstrings become limiting factor (Morin et al 2015) Train energy systems Force production introduction Low level plyometrics and repeated force. 5

Force Introduction Sled Work Kettlebell Swing Jump Rope Single Leg Bounding Hill Work Review Acceleration is all about: Train to be Human Creating Angles Creating Separation Explosive off the start

Biomechanics X-B. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc; 1987. p. 895 9. Anderson FC, PandyMG. Dynamic optimization of human walking. J BiomechEng. 2001;123:381 90. Anderson FC, PandyMG. Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically equivalent.

Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, et al. Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. Am J Sports Med 2006; 34: 1297-1306 Woods C, Hawkins RD, MaltbyS, et al.

6 Force Introduction Sled Work Kettlebell Swing Jump Rope Single Leg Bounding Hill Work Review Acceleration is all about: Train to be Human Creating Angles Creating Separation Explosive off the start (Sense of Urgency) Intent References Miyashita K, Yokoi T, HashiharaY. Mechanical power and work done by the muscles of the lower limb during running at different speeds. In: Jonsson B, editor. Biomechanics X-B. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc; p Anderson FC, PandyMG. Dynamic optimization of human walking. J BiomechEng. 2001;123: Anderson FC, PandyMG. Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically equivalent. J Biomech. 2001;34: AsklingCM, TengvarM, SaartokT, ThorstenssonA. Acute first-time hamstring strains during high-speed running. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35: Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, et al. Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. Am J Sports Med 2006; 34: Woods C, Hawkins RD, MaltbyS, et al. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football analysis of hamstring injuries. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: MalliaropoulosN, IsinkayeT, TsitasK, et al. Reinjuryafter acute posterior thigh muscle injuries in elite track and field athletes. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: Marcus C, Elliott CW, ZarinsB, et al. Hamstring Muscle Strains in Professional Football Players: 10 Year review. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: MendiguchiaJ, Alentorn-GeliE, BrughelliM. Hamstring strain injuries: are we headed in the right direction? Br J Sports Med 2012; 42: Morin, J.-B., Bourdin, M., Edouard, P., Peyrot, N., Samozino, P., and Lacour, J. R. (2012). Mechanical determinants of 100-m sprint running performance. Eur. J. Appl. Pysiol. 112, doi: /s Morin, J.-B., Edouard, P., and Samozino, P. (2011). Technical ability of force application as a determinant factor of sprint performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43, doi: /MSS.0b013e318216ea37 Morin, J.-B., Samozino, P., Bonnefoy, R., Edouard, P., and Belli, A. (2010). Direct measurement of power during one single sprint on treadmill. J. Biomech. 43, doi: /j.jbiomech FousekisK, TsepisE, PoulmedisP. Intrinsic risk factors of non-contact quadriceps and hamstring strains in soccer: a prospective study of 100 professional players. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: Schmitt, B., Tim, T., and McHugh, M. (2012). Hamstring injury rehabilitation and prevention of reinjuryusing lengthened state eccentric training: a new concept. Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther. 7, WatsfordML, Murphy AJ, McLachlan KA, et al. A Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Lower Body Stiffness and Hamstring Injuryin Professional Australian Rules Footballers. Am J Sports Med 2010:

References Survival of the Fastest EkstrandJ, HagglundM, Walden M. Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: 1226-32.

7 References Survival of the Fastest EkstrandJ, HagglundM, Walden M. Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: Elliot MC, ZarinsB, Powell JW, et al. Hamstring strains in professional football players: a 10 year review. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: Orchard J, Sweard H. Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons Br J Sports Med 2002; 36: VAN INGEN SCHENAU, G.J., J.J. DE KONIG, AND G. DE GROOT. Optimization of sprinting performance in running, cycling and speed skating. Sports Med. 17: YOUNG, W., B. MCLEAN, AND J. ARDAGNA. Relationship between strength qualities and sprinting performance. J. Sport Med. Phys. Fit. 35: ChacheAG, Wrigley TV, Baker R, PandyMG. Biomechanical response to hamstring muscle strain injury. Gait Posture. 2009;29(2): ChumanovES, HeiderscheitBC, ThelenDG. The effect of speed and influence of individual muscles on hamstring mechanics during the swing phase of sprinting. J Biomech. 2007;40(16): SchacheAG, Blanch P, RathD, Wrigley T, BennellK. Three-dimensional angular kinematics of the lumbar spine and pelvis during running. Hum Mov Sci. 2002;21(2): Yu B, Queen RM, Abbey AN, Liu Y, Moorman CT, Garrett WE. Hamstring muscle kinematics and activation during overgroundsprinting. J Biomech. 2008;41(15): GabbeBJ, Branson R, BennellKL. A pilot randomisedcontrolled trial of eccentric exercise to prevent hamstring injuries in community-level Australian Football. J SciMed Sport. 2006;9(1 2): Orchard J, Marsden J, Lord S, et al. Preseason Hamstring Muscle Weakness Associated with Hamstring Muscle Injury in Australian Footballers. Am J Sports Med 1997; 25: Small K, McNaughton LR, GreigM, et al. Soccer fatigue, sprinting, and hamstring injury risk. IntJ Sports Med 2009; 8:587. Tsaklis.P, Malliaropoulos.N, Mendiguchia.J, Korakakis.K, Tsapralis.K, Pyne.D, Malliaras.P. Muscle and intensity based hamstring exercise classicationin elite female track and eldathletes: implications for exercise selection during rehabilitation. Journal of Sports Medicine 2015: Guex. K, Gojanovic.B, Millet.G, Influence of Hip Flex Angle on Ham Isokinetic Activity in sprinters. Journal of AthelTrain. 2012; 47(4):

What we ll cover... Two types of hamstring injury! What type of athletes tear hamstrings!

What we ll cover... Two types of hamstring injury! What type of athletes tear hamstrings! What s'new'in'hamstring'strain' injury'prevention'&'rehabilitation? Craig Ranson PhD Programme Director MSc Sports & Exercise Medicine Cardiff Metropolitan University Wales Rugby Team Physiotherapist @craigarxl