Focus On: Reducing Risks and Coping with Chronic Diseases and Conditions

Transcription

1 Chapter 13A Lecture Focus On: Reducing Risks and Coping with Chronic Diseases and Conditions

2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the term used to describe specific conditions. Includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, but not asthma. Over 24 million people are believed to have lung impairment. The majority of sufferers either smoke or smoked in the past.

3 Bronchitis and Emphysema Bronchitis Inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes Less air is able to flow from the lungs and heavy mucus begins to form. Acute bronchitis: when symptoms improve in a few weeks Chronic bronchitis: when the symptoms of bronchitis last for at least 3 months of the year for 2 consecutive years Emphysema Gradual destruction of alveoli Becomes more and more difficult to exhale Victim struggles to take in air Chest cavity expands over time ("barrel chest")

4 Asthma Asthma is a long-term chronic inflammatory disorder that blocks airflow to the lungs. Air pollutants; particulates; smoke; allergens; and anger, fear, and stress can trigger an asthma attack. Extrinsic (allergic asthma) or intrinsic (nonallergic). Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) Relaxation techniques and medications can offer relief.

5 Asthma Is an Inflammation of the Airways within the Lungs

6 Allergies: The Immune System Overreacts An allergy occurs as part of the body's attempt to defend itself against a specific antigen or allergen. Production of antibodies Hypersensitive reaction Release of histamines Hay fever "Pollen allergy" Most prevalent when ragweed and flowers are blooming Sneezing and itchy, watery eyes and nose

7 Steps of an Allergic Response

8 Headaches Tension headaches are caused by muscular contractions in the neck or head. The most common type of headache Treatments: relaxation, hot water, massage, and pain medication Migraine headaches have severe debilitating symptoms. Treatments: ergot drugs, lidocaine, Imitrex. Cluster headaches are more rare forms; "killer" or "suicidal" pain. Treatments: oxygen therapy, drugs, and surgery

9 What Triggers a Migraine Headache? Migraines can be triggered by emotional stress fatigue too much or not enough sleep fasting caffeine chocolate alcohol menses hormone changes altitude weather certain foods other causes

10 ABC News Video: Migraine Breakthrough Discussion Questions How do migraines limit daily activities? How does the Neuro-stimulator work to help decrease pain perception? The product is currently being used in Europe for relief of pain; do you feel the U.S. has stricter regulations for health care products? What are signs and symptoms of migraines?

11 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) Diagnosis depends on two major and eight or more minor criteria. Profound debilitating fatigue that lasts at least 6 months Absence of other illnesses that could cause the symptoms.

12 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (cont.) Minor criteria include severe headaches, fever, sore throat, painful lymph nodes, weakness, fatigue after exercise, sleep problems, and rapid onset of these symptoms. Because cause is not apparent, treatment focuses on treatment of symptoms, improved nutrition, rest, counseling for depression, and development of a strong support network.

13 Common GI Tract Problems Affecting Young Adults Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Affects about 1 in 5 adults, particularly women. Symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, constipation, cramping and/or diarrhea begin during teens. Crohn's Disease Affects the small intestine, resulting in major inflammation and swelling. Symptoms include swelling of intestinal walls, acute cramping, and body pain among others. Crohn's is treated with anti-inflammatory medications, but surgery may be necessary.

14 Common GI Tract Problems Affecting Young Adults (cont.) Ulcerative Colitis Often flares up in the teens and can continue throughout life. Symptoms include loose stools, pain, cramping, and several bouts of bloody diarrhea. Anti-inflammatory drugs and symptom reducers work well.

15 Low Back Pain (LBP) Approximately 85 percent of all Americans will experience low back pain. In about 23 percent of cases, pain is chronic; percent become permanently disabled. To Reduce LBP Purchase a high-quality, supportive mattress, and avoid sleeping on your stomach. Avoid high-heeled shoes, and wear shoes with good arch support. Avoid carrying heavy backpacks or book bags on one shoulder. Control your weight. Warm up and stretch before exercising. When lifting something heavy, use your leg muscles. Buy a chair with good lumbar support. Move your car seat up so your knees are elevated slightly. Exercise regularly.

16 Repetitive Motion Disorders Repetitive motion disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome, bursitis, tendonitis, ganglion cysts, and others. The best way to prevent a repetitive motion disorder is to educate yourself and use better ergonomic workplace designs. Treatment involves physical and occupational therapy.

17 Study Guide - Quiz Genetics and asthma Asthma definition Exercise asthma Cluster vs. tension headaches Low back pain causes

18 Study Guide - Final Histamine definition Most common type of headaches Migraines are triggered in the brain by IBS definition How to reduce low back pain