Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Halitosis

Transcription

1 28 2 ( ) J Korean Oriental Med 2007;28(2):13-21 원저 김진성 류봉하 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Halitosis Jin-sung Kim Bong-ha Ryu 3rd Department of Internal Medicine Hospital of Oriental Medicine College of Oriental Medicine Kyunghee University Objective : Halitosis or bad breath is a common concern for many people The aim of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of halitosis patients and correlation with their various associated elements Methods : We surveyed 169 halitosis patients by reviewing questionnaires from the Halitosis Clinic in the Hospital of Oriental Medicine Kyunghee University from January 2004 to March 2006 The questionnaires contained various items including sex age history of smoking and alcohol intake duration of symptoms in a week time and condition of severe halitosis suggestive origin of halitosis taste abnormality oral hygiene self-assessed halitosis severity dry mouth postnasal drip tonsillolith globus pharyngeus reflux sensation too much gas and Winkel tongue coating index Volatile sulfur compounds were measured with a Results : The halitosis patients actively carried out management methods such as non-smoking moderation in drink teeth brushing and tongue scraping in order to decrease their oral malodor Tongue coating significantly affected the reading score and tongue coating and dry mouth significantly affected self-assessed halitosis severity Conclusions : Our results suggest that tongue coating and dry mouth should be treated to improve satisfaction in halitosis patients Key Words : halitosis tongue coating dry mouth 서론 ) ( 1) : 3 (Tel : Fax : oridoc@cholcom) 5-7) 2-4) 8-9) 13

2 (274) 28 2 ( ) 4) WTC INDEX = A+B+C+D+E+F o=no coating (Volatile 1=light coating 2=heavy coating sulfur compounds; VSCs) 10) Fig (Winkel tongue coating Index ) 대상및방법 ( ) Winkel tongue coating index(wtci) 12) (Figure 1) 1 연구대상 Visual analogue scale(vas) 2 연구방법 1) 11) 169 2) (Model No RH-17 Interscan Co USA) (Instruction Manual for ) (bias) 3 ±10 ppb 14

3 1 : (275) 1 3) % 1 3 WTCI p 005 SPSS 120 for Windows 결과 1 인구사회적특성 1) (432%) (213%) (200%) (Table 1) 2) (18%) 61 (82%) 95 1 (1%) 94 (99%) (Table 1) 3) (91%) (97%) Table 1 Variables Male (n=74) Female (n=95) Total (n=169) Age (years) Mean 18 (24) 29 (39) 16 (22) 7 (10) 3 (4) (7) 18 (20) 44 (46) 17 (18) 5 (5) 4 (4) (5) 36 (21) 73 (43) 33 (20) 12 (7) 7 (4) 357 Smoking yes no 13 (18) 61 (82) 94 (99) 14 (8) 155 (92) Alcohol (No of drinking in a week) 5 times 2-4 times 1 time never 6 (8) 45 (61) 22 (30) 27 (29) 65 (68) 4 (2) 6 (4) 72 (43) 87 (51) 15

4 (276) 28 2 ( ) (Table 1) 2 구취환자의생활특성 1) (92%) 2) (6%) 4 (2%) (Table 2) 31 (42%) 52 (55%) Table 2 Duration of Symptom in a week 1 day 2-3 days 4-7 days Time of severe halitosis after rising before noon after noon before sleep always unknown Condition of severe halitosis fasting postprandial with oral dryness with stress always unknown Suggestive origin of halitosis tongue gum teeth saliva throat in nose G-I tract exhaled breath unknown Taste abnormality yes no No of brushing teeth in a day 1 time 2 times 3 times irregular No of brushing tongue in a day everytime when brushing teeth once a day sometimes never Variables Male (n=74) Female (n=95) Total (n=169) 2 (3) 3 (4) 69 (93) 31 (42) 11 (15) 2 (3) 11 (15) 19 (25) 14 (19) 5 (7) 17 (23) 11 (15) 8 (11) 19 (25) 13 (18) 4 (5) 13 (18) 5 (7) 3 (4) 6 (8) 30 (40) 24 (32) 50 (68) 20 (27) 54 (73) 59 (80) 8 (11) 4 (5) 3 (4) 2 (2) 6 (6) 87 (92) 52 (55) 10 (11) 8 (8) 22 (23) 25 (26) 14 (15) 13 (14) 15 (16) 9 (9) 19 (20) 17 (18) 6 (6) 16 (17) 7 (7) 15 (16) 27 (29) 44 (46) 51 (54) 17 (18) 75 (79) 73 (77) 9 (9) 13 (14) 4 (2) 9 (6) 156 (92) 83 (49) 3 (2) 21 (13) 2 (1) 19 (11) 41 (24) 39 (23) 19 (11) 30 (18) 26 (15) 17 (10) 38 (23) 30 (18) 3 (2) 10 (6) 29 (17) 8 (5) 10 (6) 21 (12) 57 (33) 68 (40) 101 (60) 3 (2) 37 (22) 129 (76) 132 (78) 17 (10) 17 (10) 3 (2) 16

5 1 : (277) 83 (49%) 21 (13%) 19 (11%) 41 (24%) (Table 2) 3) 39 (23%) 38 (23%) 30 (18%) 26 (15%) (Table 2) 4) 57 (33%) 30 (18%) 29 (17%) 21 (12%) (Table 2) 5) 24 (32%) 50 (68%) 44 (46%) 51 (54%) 68 (40%) (Table 2) (76%) 2 37 (22%) (Table 2) 7) 132 (78%) 1 17 (10%) 17 (10%) 3 (2%) (Table 2) 3 구취에영향을미치는인자 WTCI(p=0000) (Table 3) (p=0006) WTCI(P=0002) (Table 4) 고찰 6) Table 3 Variables Unstandardized coefficient(β) Standard error P value SAHS* Dry mouth Postnasal drip Tonsillolith Globus pharyngeus Reflux Too much gas WTCI** (Constant) * Self-assessed halitosis severity ** Winkel tongue coating index 17

6 (278) 28 2 ( ) Table 4 Variables Unstandardized coefficient(β) Standard error P value Dry mouth Postnasal drip Tonsillolith Globus pharyngeus Reflux Too much gas WTCI* (Constant) * Winkel tongue coating index (pseudohalitosis) (halitophobia) (Genuine halitosis) (physilolgical halitosis) (pathological halitosis) 13) (432%) (213%) (200%) 4) VSCs VSCs peptide methyl mercaptan dimethyl sulfide 16) 14-15) 85% 29) 13 (18%) 61 (82%) 1 (1%) 94 (99%) 8% ) 94% 19-20) Helicobacter 1 pylori 21-24) 25-26) 4 7 Trimethylaminuria 27-28) 156 (92%)

7 1 : (279) 83 (49%) 21 (13%) 19 (11%) 41 (24%) 39 (23%) 38 (23%) 30 (18%) 26 (15%) 57 (33%) 30 (18%) 29 (17%) 21 (12%) 40% 30) 31) VSCs( hydrogen sulfide methyl mercaptan) Gas chromatography(gc) GC 32) WTCI WTCI(p=0000) Rosenberg 33) (76%) 132 (78%) (p=0006) WTCI(P=0002)

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