TROPONÍN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM. Vasil Hricak, MD, PhD, FESC.

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1 TROPONÍN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Suspektný akútny koronárny syndróm Čo je nové TRAPID-AMI Odporúčania EKS 2015 Vasil Hricak, MD, PhD, FESC. Professor of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) National Heart Institute Departement of Acute Cardiac Care Bratislava, Slovakia

2 Táto prezentácia/prednáška bola podporená spoločnosťou Roche Slovensko, s.r.o. Spoločnosť Roche Slovensko, s.r.o. však nijako neovplyvňovala obsah, rozsah a ani formulácie textu tejto prezentácie

3 TROPONÍN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Motto prednášky: Stratifikácia rizika u pacientov so suspektným akútnym koronárnym syndrómom (AKS) je dôležitá z hľadiska rozhodovania o hospitalizácii a intenzite liečby My advice is to never do tomorrow what you can do today. Procrastination is the thief of time. Charles Dickens (Shetches of young men)...odkladanie môže byť zlodej života a prežitia. V.H.

4 Klinická situácia kedy kardiomarkery zdržujú správny liečebný manažment (AKS-STEMI) Studenčan, Hricák, Kovář a spol. Cardiol Lett 2013

5 TROPONÍN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Čo je známe 1. U pts s AKS je pravdepodobnosť predčasného úmrtia v prípade abnormálnej koncentrácie srdcového (c) troponínu zvýšená 3 5x Heidenreich et al. JACC Prospektívne štúdie zaoberajúce sa rozbormi troponínu u AKS dokázali, že diagnostická presnosť hodnôt c-troponínu T a I je porovnateľná, ak nie lepšia, s hodnotami CK-MB a zároveň predurčuje skoré i dlhodobé riziko nežiaducich kardiálnych príhod. BIOMACS Study Group CAD 1995, Polanczyk et al JACC 1998, Gerhardt et al. Clin Chem 1991, Johnson et al JAMA 1999, Hamm et al. NEJM 1997, 3. Problémom dg i patofyziologickým ostáva skutočnosť zvýšených hladín troponínov u pts bez AKS (dif.dg) všeobecne elevácia troponínov indikuje srdcové poškodenie, ale nehovorí o príčine poškodenia (tab. trop bez AKS) 4. Stanovenie hs-ctroponínu T, I, umožňuje detegovať už minimálne poškodenie myokardu, ale tiež sťažuje interpretáciu klinického stavu 5. Doteraz pre dg: dynamika troponínov alebo násobky (5x,10x) v časových intervaloch 0h -6-12h, novšie 0h -3h. 6. Nezabúdať vždy v kontexte zodpovedného vyšetrenia hrudnej bolesti a ekg záznamu

6 V súčasnosti všetky známe príčiny zvýšených a vysokých hladín ctroponínov Troponin workgroup, Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015

7 Zvýšené hodnoty troponínov mimo AKS - IM I. typu NSTE-ACS, ESC 2015

8 Akútna hrudná bolesť- dg. algoritmus Twerenbold et al. EHJ 2012

9 Akútna hrudná bolesť- dg. algoritmus - 2 problémy Twerenbold et al. EHJ 2012

10 TROPONÍN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Čo by sme chceli v najkratšom čase pri podozrení na akútny koronárny syndróm (hrudná bolesť) 1. Čo najskôr potvrdiť alebo vylúčiť dg akútneho infarktu myokardu (AIM) a to čo najistejšie Prečo? Centrálne urgentné príjmy - ideálne už prednemocnične rozhodnutie o hospitalizácii Rozhodnutie o agresivite liečby napr. skoré podanie antitrombotickej liečby (AA+ANK th) Skorá a neskorá prognóza Ekonomický benefit

11 TROPONÍN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Otázky 1. Je možné určiť a validovať 1-hodinový algoritmus s absolútnou zmenou pre hs-ctrop s dostatočnou senzitívnosťou, špecifickosťou a N a PPH? 2. Aká má byť špefická cut-off hodnota pre hs-ctrop, ktorá dovolí zodpovedne vylúčiť ( rule-out ) alebo potvrdiť ( rule-in ) AIM behom 1 hodiny (1h)? 3. Koľko pts by mohlo byt rule-out po 1. hodine s vyšetrením hs-ctrop: 0h-1h? 4. Koľko pts by bolo rule-in po 1. hodine s vyšetrením hs-ctrop: 0h-1h? 5. Komparácia algoritmov 0h-3h vs 0h-1h? 6. Ktorý hs-ctroponín T, I? 7. 2-hodinový algoritmus hs-ctrop + ekg prinesie viac informácií v rámci skupiny pts klasifikovaných na pozorovanie ( šedá zóna )?? Rule-in = potvrdený AIM, rule-out = vylúčený AIM

12 TROPONÍN a AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Nedávny vývoj odpovede (vyberám) - pokračovanie 1. r x Univerz dg AIM : dynamika c-troponínu (0h-6-12h) s aspoň jednou hodnotou nad 99 percentil kontrolnej skupiny pri meracom koeficiente 10 % + 1 charakteristicky znak pre IM (symptóm ischémie, ekg-zmeny, zobrazovacie metodiky) (Thygesen et al. JACC 2007) 2. r Study group on Biomarkers in Cardiology of the ESC WG ACC: ako v bode 1. + odporúčanie - ak prvá vzorka ctrop negatívna, 2. odber o 6-12h (niekedy 3. odber o 12-24h. (Thygesen et al EHJ 2010) 3. r odporúčania ESC pre ASC-NSTE: zmienka hs-ctrop: 0h-3h. (Hamm et al. EHJ 2011) 4. r APACE štúdia hs-ctropo T a hs-ctropo I ultra 0h -1h a 2h: porovnanie absolútnych zmien troponínov vs relatívnych: absolútne zmeny troponínov majú signifikantne vyšší prínos pre dg AIM ako relatívne zmeny a lepšie odlíšia AIM od iných príčin zvýšenia c-troponínov (abs.zmena pre hs-ct-t 0,007ug/l. (Reichlin et al, Circulation 2011)

13 TROPONIN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Nedávny vývoj odpovede (vyberám) 5. r štúdie ADAPT, APACE (Cullen et al. JACC2013), iné 6. r ESC kongres TRAPID-AMI (Mueller C, ESC kongres Barcelona 2014) 7. r odporúčania AHA/ACC pre AKS-NSTE: troponint alebo I. 0h 3-6h (Amsterdam E et al. Circulation 2014) 8. r validácia 0h-1h pre abs zmenu hs-ctrop: akceleruje diagnostiku a manažment pts so suspektným AIM s rule-out 3 zo 4 pacientov (Reichlin et al CMAJ 2015) 9. r validácia s tým istým pozitívnym záverom pre rule-out a rule-in pre hs-ctrop I (Gimenez et al. Am J Med 2015)

14 TROPONIN A AKÚTNY KORONÁRNY SYNDRÓM Vývoj odpovede (pokračovanie) a čo je nové 10. r ESC kongres: TRAPID AMI potvrdená APACE št. a predchádzajúce štúdie (Mueller C et al. ESC kongres Londýn 2015) Dopad pre prax odporúčania EKS prevzali 11. r Odporúčania EKS pre dg a manažment AKS NSTE (Roffi, Patrono et al. EHJ 2015). 1x odporúčanie aj pre hs-ctrop 0h 1h (absolútne zmeny) pre potvrdenie ( rule-in ) alebo vylúčenie ( rule-out ) AIM u pacientov s podozrením na AKS-IM (tam kde biochemické laboratóriá majú možnosť a sú definované resp. odporúčané analytické testy a jednotlivé absolútne zmeny pre jednotlivé skupiny pacientov s podozrením na AKS-AIM) Doterajší algoritmus troponínov 0h 3h ostáva v odporúčaniach 2015 Cave: ak je pacient prijatý v 1. hodine hrudnej bolesti, 2. odber c-troponínu má byť urobený o 3 hod (ESC 2015)

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16 TRAPID-AMI: prospektívne zhodnotenie (validácia) hs-ctroponin T 0h 1h algoritmus z APACE št. (APACE prospektívna observačná št validovaná 2015, retrospektívne získané hodnoty) HOT LINE Session, Barcelona ESC 2014 TRAPID - AIM: (hst-t absolútne hodnoty a ich zmena ako v APACE št.-pozri vyššie) 1.NPH 99,1 % a senzitivita pre AIM 96,7 % pri vylúčení AIM (u 7 pts falošne neg výsledok = mali AIM) 2. PPH 77,2 % a špecifickosť pre AIM 96,1 % pri potvrdení AIM 3. Šedá zóna (observácia pts ekg monitor, iné) 22.5 % HOT LINE Ses, London, ESC 2015 publ. 2016

17 Susp. AKS a hs-ctroponín T alebo I: dg. algoritmus 0h 1h ED ED: urgentné príjmy AKS: akútny koronárny syndróm h: hodina, NSTE-ACS, ESC 2015

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19 Susp. AKS a hs-ctroponín I: mortalita chorých s potvrdeným a vylúčeným AIM a chorých ponechaných na pozorovanie Gimenez et al. Am J Med 2015

20 Susp. AKS a hs-ctroponín T: mortalita chorých s potvrdeným a vylúčeným AIM a chorých ponechaných na pozorovanie Reichlin et al. CMAJ 2015

21 ODKAZ štúdií APACE a TRAPID-AMI (hs-troponín-t) 1. Algoritmus stanovenia hs-t-t : 0h/1h u pts s hrudnou bolesťou (najlepšie do 6 h) vylúči alebo potvrdí AIM NSTEMI u 78 % chorých (60 % vlúčenie AIM). Prednosť má vždy ekg- záznam, ktorý potvrdí alebo vylúči AKS STEMI!! 2. 0h/1h: pozitívna prediktívna hodnota=75-80 %, špecifickosť 96 % pre potvrdenie AIM % chorých vyžaduje ďalšie sledovanie ( šedá zóna ) (zvýšené K-V riziko) 4. hs-tnt je vysoko senzitívny marker, kvantitatívny marker pre poškodenie kardiomyocytov z rôznych príčin. Čím Î hs-tnt, tým vyššia pravdepodobnosť AIM a opačne! 5. Každá biomarkerová informácia má byť vždy integrovaná do klinického komplexného zhodnotenia stavu chorého (napr. aj v 0h nedetegovateľná hodnota hs-t-t vyžaduje klinické zhodnotenie, hst-t má vysokú negatívnu prediktívnu hodnotu) Doterajší algoritmus troponínov 0h 3h ostáva v odporúčaniach 2015 Cave: ak je pacient prijatý v 1. hodine hrudnej bolesti, 2. odber hs-troponinu má byť urobený o 3 hod (ESC 2015)

22 Štandardný troponín 0h /6-12h Troponín a suspektný AKS jednotlivé vyšetrovacie postupy s cieľom zlepšenia čo najskôr vylúčiť alebo potvrdiť akútny infarkt myokardu (AIM) = benefit pre pacienta = rozhodovanie o komplexnom manažmente. hstroponín 0h/3h hs Troponín T 0h/1h 78 % pts vyriešených

23 ACC/AHA 2014 odporúčania pre AKS-NSTE: absolútne zmeny sú lepšie v rule-in / rule-out AIM ako relatívne zmeny

24 Zvýšenie troponínu urgentný príjem a 30- dňová mortalita u chorých bez AKS Chron. zvýš. pri asymptom. AoS...rizikový prognostiky faktor... (2015)

25 Suspektný AKS: hs-ctroponín: 0h-1h Hudba súčasnosti pri podozrení na AIM s EBM: I B

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27 Susp. AKS a hs-ctroponín: algoritmus 0h 3h ED NSTE - ACS, ESC 2015

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