Prehľad. III. Riadená hypotermia (RH) I. Hypoxia ischémia (HI) II. Patofyziológia HI
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1 Prehľad I. Hypoxia ischémia (HI) II. Patofyziológia HI III. Riadená hypotermia (RH) 1. účinky a metódy 2. metaanalýzy 3. podmienky a prístroje 4. indikácie 5. aeeg 6. kontraindikácie a prerušenie 7. PRINCÍPY 8. PRAKTICKÁ REALIZÁCIA 9. komplikácie
2 Základy neonatálnej aeeg
3 Klasifikácia aeeg background-u podľa VOLTAGE a PATTERN metód v h po narodení Thoresen M., Pediatrics 2010;126:e131 e139
4 aeeg background DV CNV, DV, BS, LV, FT
5 Fyziologický záznam CNV: horný limit nad 10 µv, dolný limit nad 5 µv cyklus spánok/ bdenie (pravidelné rozširovanie a zužovanie záznamu) Spánok Bdenie > > 5 5
6 Kontinuálne N voltáž /CNV/ /high level of activity/ EEG: Amplitúda: výška N / do -25 uv/ variabilita N /limitovaná kont./ Frekvencia Opakovanie hrot-vlna: - reakcia na stimuly: + supresie: nie sú aeeg: cyklus spánok-bdenie: + / 20 min ( 90); 2 cykly za 3 hodiny/ centrálna zóna: tmavá a úzka /N amplit. variabilita/ dolný okraj: > 5 uv, variabilný, hrotnatý horný okraj: > 10 uv, stred centr. zóny: > 10 uv
7 Diskontinuálna /DNV//low level of activity/ horná hranica > dolná hranica < 5 Horná hranica nad 10 µv Stred backgraundu pod 10 µv Dolná hranica pod 5 µv Chýbanie cyklov spánok bdenie
8 Diskontinuálna /DNV//low level of activity/ EEG: Amplitúda: výška / 50 uv?/ /?/ variabilita /diskont../ Frekvencia Opakovanie hrot-vlna: - reakcia na stimuly: supresie: nie sú aeeg: cyklus spánok-bdenie: - centrálna zóna: šedá a široká / amplit. variabilita/ dolný okraj: < 5 uv, variabilný, hrotnatý horný okraj: > 10 uv, stred centr. Zóny: < 10 uv Výskyt: cerebrálne poškodenie mierne antikonvulzíva prematurita
9 Burst Suppression /long inter-burst interval/ EEG: Burst /nepravidelný rytmus/ amplitúda: > 25 uv trvanie: 1 3 s. počet výbojov: 1 10 Frekvencia:< 100/ 1 h. Supresia: amplitúda: < 5 uv trvanie: > 20 s. reakcia: - /?/ aeeg: cyklus spánok-bdenie: - centrálna zóna: šedá a užšia dolný okraj: < 5 uv, plochý - vyrovnaný horný okraj : > 25 uv / > 50 uv?/ hroty /burst/ Výskyt: cerebrálne poškodenie závažné
10 Burst Suppression /short inter-burst interval/ EEG: Burst /nepravidelný rytmus/ amplitúda: > 25 uv trvanie: 1 3 s. /5 10 s./: počet výbojov: 1 10 Frekvencia: > 100/ 1 h. Supresia: amplitúda: < 5 uv trvanie: > 20 s. reakcia: - /?/ aeeg: cyklus spánok-bdenie: - centrálna zóna : šedá a široká dolný okraj: < 5 uv, plochý horný okraj : > 25 uv / > 50 uv?/ hroty /burst/ Výskyt: cerebrálne poškodeniezávažné
11 ŤAŽKO ABNORMÁLNY ZÁZNAM: KONTINUÁLNA NÍZKA VOLTÁŽ (CLV) 10 < 10 5 horná hranica pod 10 µv, dolná pod 5 µv nízka voltáž, plochá voltáž < 5
12 Kontin. nízka voltáž (Continual Low Voltage): EEG: Amplitúda: výška: /< 5 uv?/ variabilita: /kontin./ Frekvencia: opakovanie hrot-vlna: - reakcia na stimuly: - aeeg: cyklus spánok-bdenie: - centrálna zóna: tmavá úzka posunutá dolu dolný okraj: < 5 uv, plochý horný okraj: < 10 uv hroty Výskyt: cerebrálne poškodenie závažné
13 ŤAŽKO ABNORMÁLNY ZÁZNAM: PLOCHÝ ZÁZNAM (FT) 10 5 < 5 horná hranica pod 5 µv dolná hranica pod 2 µv nízka voltáž, plochá voltáž
14 EEG: Izoelektrická, plochá krivka (Flate Trace): Amplitúda: výška: /< 3 uv / variabilita: /kontin./ Frekvencia: opakovanie hrot-vlna: - reakcia na stimuly: - aeeg: cyklus spánok-bdenie: - centrálna zóna: - posunutá dolu dolný okraj: < 2 uv, plochý horný okraj: < 5 uv hroty Výskyt: cerebrálne poškodenie závažné
15 KŔČE náhle zvýšenie voltáže, ktorá je sprevádzaná zúžením záznamu a následne krátkou periódou supresie súčasne záchyt aj na rozvinutom EEG single, repetitívne, status epilepticus vysoko- / nízkovoltážne kŕče
16 Kŕče: EEG: konvulzie trvanie: > 10 s. amplitúda: nízka voltáž < 20 uv vysoká voltáž > 20 uv frekvencia: počet výbojov: opakované, identické aeeg: konvulzie: izolované repetitívne: > 3 / 30 min. kontinuálbne: trvanie > 30 min.* mimo kŕčov: aeeg rôzne
17 Groenendaal F., Dresden, 2014
18 HIE a early aeeg Bacground Sleep-weak cycling (SWC) Seizures
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21 Validita patologického aeeg v 6-24 h (BS, FT, CLV) Spitzmiller RE. Journal of Child Neurology, 2007
22 Normalné early aeeg nevylučuje abnormálny outcome
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25 aeeg first 6 h for predicting death or moderate to severe disability LR (95% CI, ) (good test > 10-20) LR (95% CI, ) (good test < ) Spitzmiller RE, Phillips T, Meinzen-Derr J, Hoath SB. J Child Neurol 2007;22: Max Perlman, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPC, and Prakesh S. Shah, J Pediatr 2011;158:e51-4
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27 Osredkar D., Pediatrics 2005
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31 HIE a dynamika aeeg Bacground Sleep-weak cycling (SWC) Seizures
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34 Dynamika vymiznutia kŕčov????
35 RH a dynamika aeeg
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37 PPV of early aeeg (severe abnormal) between cooled and noncooled groups were not significant Azzopardi D, and on behalf of the TOBY study group Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2014;99:F80-F82 Copyright BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. All rights reserved.
38 Thoresen M., Pediatrics 2010;126:e131 e139
39 Thoresen M., Pediatrics 2010;126:e131 e139
40 TTNT: PPV of abn trace (BS, LV or FT) to poor outcome Thoresen M., Pediatrics 2010;126:e131 e139
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47 RH + lieky a aeeg
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50 aeeg limitácie interpretácie Lokalizácia lézie HIE (nie subkortikálne) Technické (EKG...)
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52 Hellstrom-Westas L., Atlas of aeeg 2008
53 Interpretácia aeeg Centrálna zóna (central band, background voltage): : elektródy v kontakte s postieľkou HFO,... gasping, PTX pulz, Ekg manipulácia, svalová aktivita,... st. epilepticus Fals N: shivering during cooling : elektródy blízko seba, caput succ. prematurita Ekg sedatíva, antikonvulzíva cerebrálne poškodenie hypotermia
54 Glass H.C.: Neo Pharmacol Conf, La Jolla, USA, 2013
55 Interpretácia aeeg každý pacient by mal mať aeeg, ale HT nesmie meškať!!! v prvých 6 hodinách (už začatej pasívnej HT): ak je aeeg záznam fyziologický a dieťa už nejaví klinické známky HIE II-III je možné uvažovať o skončení pasívneho chladenia ak aeeg ostane patologické a dieťa už nejaví klinické známky HIE II-III je možné uvažovať o skončení pasívneho chladenia po 6 hodinách (počas riadenej HT): zlepšenie, resp. normalizácia aeeg do 24 h neindikuje predčasné ukončenie riadenej HT ale signalizuje dobrú prognózu Horn AR, BMC Pediatrics 2013, 13:52 TOBY 2010
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