Improvement of Atrial Function and Atrial Reverse Remodeling After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure
|
|
- Joshua York
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, No. 8, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /07/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi: /j.jacc Improvement of Atrial Function and Atrial Reverse Remodeling After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure Cheuk-Man Yu, MD, FRCP, FRACP,* Fang Fang, MM, PHD, Qing Zhang, MM, PHD,* Gabriel W. K. Yip, MD,* Chun Mei Li, BM,* Joseph Yat-Sun Chan, FHKAM,* LiWen Wu, BM,* Jeffrey Wing-Hong Fung, FRCP* Hong Kong and Beijing, China Objectives Background Methods Results Conclusions We sought to examine whether cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves atrial function and induces atrial reverse remodeling. Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an established therapy for advanced heart failure with prolonged QRS duration, which improves left ventricle (LV) function and is associated with LV reverse remodeling. A total of 107 heart failure patients (66 11 years) who received CRT and were followed up for 3 months were studied. Atrial function was assessed by M-mode, 2-dimensional echocardiography, transmitral Doppler, tissue Doppler velocity, and strain ( ) imaging. Left atrial (LA) emptying fraction based on the change in areas (LAA-EF) and volumes (LAV-EF) were calculated. The LV reverse remodeling was defined by a reduction of LV end-systolic volume 10%. In the responders of LV reverse remodeling (n 62), LAA-EF and LAV-EF were significantly increased (p 0.001). Responders also had significant decrease in LA size area and volumetric measurements, both before (p 0.05) and after atrial systole (p 0.001). However, these parameters were unchanged in the nonresponders (n 45, p NS). In the responders, tissue Doppler velocity analysis showed improvement of contraction velocity in both left (p 0.005) and right atria (p 0.018), whereas in both atria were increased in all the phases of cardiac cycle, namely ventricular end-systole (p 0.001), early diastole (p 0.001), and late diastole (p 0.007). Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves both left and right atrial pump function. The increase in atrial throughout the cardiac cycle is likely reflecting the improvement of atrial compliance. These changes lead to LA reverse remodeling with reduction of LA size before and after atrial systole. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50: ) 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is now an established treatment for patients with advanced heart failure with prolonged QRS duration. Apart from clinical benefits, improvement of left ventricular (LV) systolic function and associated LV reverse remodeling have been well reported (1 6). Recently, improvement of right ventricular function also has been reported (7). Despite the extensive evidence of the benefits of CRT on ventricular function, whether the From the *Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital and Institute of Vascular Medicine, S.H. Ho Cardiovascular and Stroke Centre, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; and Ultrasound Department, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. This study was supported by a research grant from Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences. Manuscript received December 22, 2006; revised manuscript received April 10, 2007, accepted April 16, use of CRT benefits patients with atrial function has not been evaluated. With improvement of LV function and reduction of mitral regurgitation, left atrial (LA) size could be reduced. Furthermore, the pressure unloading effect in the atrium may result in the improvement of atrial function. Atrial function is relatively complex. Apart from active atrial pump function as a direct result of atrial systole, atrial compliance is an important determinant of atrial reservoir and conduit functions (8). With the advancement of echocardiographic technology, it is now possible to assess regional atrial function, in particular by tissue Doppler velocity and strain ( ) imaging. Tissue Doppler velocity is useful to assess regional atrial active contractile function, whereas tissue Doppler strain is a good measure of myocardial deformation (9,10). Therefore, in the present study we combined the use
2 JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 August 21, 2007: Yu et al. Improved Atrial Function After CRT 779 of conventional and advanced echocardiographic tools of tissue Doppler velocity and strain to examine atrial function and determined whether atrial reverse remodeling occurred and atrial function improved after CRT. Furthermore, whether such changes were different between responders and non-responders of LV reverse remodeling were also explored. Methods Patients. The study population consisted of 120 consecutive patients with advanced congestive heart failure who had received CRT. The inclusion criteria of CRT included symptomatic heart failure despite optimal pharmacological therapy, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV heart failure, ejection fraction 40% and QRS duration 120 ms in the form of bundle branch block or intraventricular conduction delay. They were followed up at 3 months after the therapy, at which point 3 patients had died and 1 patient had dropped out before follow-up. Serial standard echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging and clinical assessment were performed at baseline and 3 months after CRT. Nine patients whose major echocardiographic parameters could not be obtained because of poor image quality were excluded from the study. As a result, 107 patients (66 11 years, 75% males) were included in the analysis. Among them, 11 patients had permanent atrial fibrillation, but the ablation of atrioventricular node was only attempted in 3 patients with uncontrolled ventricular rate. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Chinese University of Hong Kong Abbreviations and Acronyms strain 3ch 3-chamber 4ch 4-chamber CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy IAS interatrial septum LA left atrial LAA-EF left atrial emptying fraction based on the change in areas LAV-EF left atrial emptying fraction based on the change in volumes LV left ventricular NYHA New York Heart Association RA right atrial and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Biventricular device implantation. Biventricular devices were implanted as previously described (4,6). The LV pacing lead was inserted by a transvenous approach through the coronary sinus to target lateral or posterolateral cardiac vein. Choices of CRT devices included biventricular pacemaker in 97 patients (InSync, InSync III from Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota; Contak TR or Contak TR II from Guidant Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota) and biventricular defibrillator in 10 patients (InSync ICD, InSync Marquis or InSync Sentry from Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota; Contak CD or Contak Renewal from Guidant Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota). Echocardiographic assessment of atrial size and function. Echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging was performed (Vivid 5 or Vivid 7, Vingmed-General Electric, Horten, Norway) serially before and 3 months after CRT. The atrioventricular interval was optimized by Ritter s method at day 1 after implantation to reach maximal transmitral diastolic filling and maximal biventricular capture. The adjustment of interventricular interval was not performed and, therefore, all patients were Comparison Parameters at of Baseline Clinical andechocardiographic After CRT for 3 Months Table 1 Comparison of Clinical and Echocardiographic Parameters at Baseline and After CRT for 3 Months Baseline CRT p Value NYHA functional class, % patients (Z 8.2) Class I 0 4 Class II 4 66 Class III Class IV min hall walk, m Exercise capacity, METs Quality of life score LV end-systolic volume, cc LV end-diastolic volume, cc Ejection fraction, % End-systolic sphericity index End-diastolic sphericity index Myocardial performance index Mitral regurgitation, % LA area LV filling time, ms Diastolic dysfunction, % patients 0.05 (Z 3.3) Abnormal relaxation pattern Pseudonormal filling pattern Restrictive filling pattern CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy; LA left atrial; LV left ventricular; METs metabolic equivalents; NYHA New York Heart Association.
3 780 Yu et al. JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 Improved Atrial Function After CRT August 21, 2007: having simultaneous biventricular pacing at the default setting. The LV volumes and ejection fraction were assessed by biplane Simpson s equation using the apical 4-and 2-chamber views where the length of the ventricular image was maximized. Patients who had a reduction of LV end-systolic volume of 10% were defined as volumetric responders of CRT, whereas those with a lesser degree of reduction of 10% were called nonresponders (11). Diastolic dysfunction was graded as abnormal relaxation, pseudonormal, and restrictive filling patterns, as previously described (12). Atrial function was assessed at apical 4-chamber (4ch) and 3-chamber views (3ch) (13). In the LA, the long-axis diameter at end-diastole was measured at 4-ch view. The LA areas were then measured at 4ch and 3ch views at the Comparison That and After Measured CRT of for Echocardiographic Atrial 3 Months Function at Baseline Parameters Table 2 Comparison of Echocardiographic Parameters That Measured Atrial Function at Baseline and After CRT for 3 Months Baseline CRT p value LA LAX diameter, mm LAA-max-4ch, cm LAA-pre-4ch, cm LAA-post-4ch, cm LAA-EF-4ch, % LAA-max-3ch, cm LAA-pre-3ch, cm LAA-post-3ch, cm LAA-EF-4ch, % LAV-max, cm LAV-pre, cm LAV-post, cm LAV-EF, % V-LA, cm/s V-IAS, cm/s V-RA, cm/s s-la, % s-ias, % s-ra, % e-la, % e-ias, % e-ra, % a-la, % a-ias, % a-ra, % MV-A, cm/s NS a-la maximal left atrial strain during atrial contraction; a-ias maximal inter-atrial septum strain during atrial contraction; a-ra maximal right atrial strain during atrial contraction; e-la maximal left atrial strain during ventricular early diastole; e-ias maximal inter-atrial septum strain during ventricular early diastole; e-ra maximal right atrial strain during ventricular early diastole; s-la maximal left atrial strain during ventricular systole; s-ias maximal inter-atrial septum strain during ventricular systole; s-ra maximal right atrial strain during ventricular systole; CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy; LA LAX left atrial diameter in parasternal long-axis view; LAA-max-3ch maximal left atrial area in apical 3-chamber view; LAA-max- 4ch maximum left atrial area in apical 4-chamber view; LAA-post-3ch left atrial areas after atrial systole in 3-chamber view; LAA-post-4ch left atrial areas after atrial systole in 4-chamber view; LAA-pre-3ch left atrial areas just before atrial systole in 3-chamber view; LAA-pre-4ch left atrial area just before atrial systole in 4-chamber view; LAV-EF left atrial emptying fraction based on the change in volumes; LAV-max maximum left atrial volume; LAV-post left atrial volume after atrial systole; LAV-pre left atrial volume just before atrial systole; MV-A transmitral atrial velocity; NS not significant; V-IAS Peak inter-atrial septum contraction velocity (after P-wave); V-LA peak left atrial contraction velocity (after P-wave); V-RA peak right atrial contraction velocity (after P-wave). following phases of the cardiac cycle: the maximal LA areas at ventricular end-systole where LA size is maximal (LAAmax-4ch and -3ch), LA areas just before atrial systole (LAA-pre-4ch and -3ch), and the minimal LA areas after atrial systole (LAA-post-4ch and -3ch). Atrial emptying fraction was calculated based on the change of areas before and after atrial systole (LAA-EF-4ch and -3ch). Using the modified Simpson rule, the atrial volume at ventricular end-systole, just before and after atrial systole and atrial emptying fraction (LAV-EF) also were calculated (13). Tissue Doppler imaging was performed at the apical 4ch view for the long-axis motion of the heart as previously described (14,15). Two-dimensional echocardiography with color tissue Doppler imaging was performed. The imaging angle was adjusted to ensure a parallel alignment of the sampling window with the myocardial segment of interest. Gain settings, filters, pulse repetitive frequency, sector size, and depth were adjusted to optimize color saturation. At least 3 consecutive beats were stored, and the images were digitized and analyzed off-line with EchoPac-PC (Vingmed- General Electric). Atrial Doppler velocity profile signals were reconstituted off-line by placing a 3 12-mm sampling window at the mid levels of LA, interatrial septum (IAS), and RA, respectively. The peak regional atrial contraction velocities at atrial systole (after the onset of P wave of electrocardiogram) were measured. Atrial was measured in the same atrial locations and was calculated by the formula: (L L 0 )/L 0 100%, in which L denotes the instantaneous length, and L 0 denotes the original length. The following parameters of atrial function by tissue Doppler velocity and imaging were measured: Left atrial contraction velocity during atrial systole; Inter-atrial septum contraction velocity during atrial systole; Right atrial contraction velocity during atrial systole; Left atrial during ventricular end-systole; Interatrial septum during ventricular end-systole; Right atrial during ventricular end-systole; Left atrial during ventricular early diastole; Inter-atrial septum during ventricular early diastole; Right atrial during ventricular early diastole; Left atrial during ventricular late diastole; Interatrial septum during ventricular late diastole; and Right atrial during ventricular late diastole The intraobserver and interobserver variability for atrial myocardial velocity measurement were 3.2% and 4.7%, and for atrial strain measurement, they were 7.1% and 8.4%, respectively. Statistical analyses. For comparison of continuous parametric variables between baseline and 3 months after CRT, a paired sample t test was used. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was adopted for comparison of ordinal variables, including NYHA functional class and pattern of diastolic dysfunction. The comparison of echocardiographic param-
4 JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 August 21, 2007: Yu et al. Improved Atrial Function After CRT 781 eters between volumetric responders and nonresponders was performed with the unpaired t test. All parametric data were expressed as mean SD. A p value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The optimal atrioventricular delay programmed was ms. Medications for heart failure were kept unchanged throughout the study period, except intravenous diuretics with/without subsequent increase in dosage of oral diuretics in case of acute decompensation. Heart rate was decreased slightly at 3 months when compared with baseline (67 12 beats/min vs beats/min, p 0.02). Clinical status and ventricular function. There was a favorable improvement of clinical status in the whole group, namely NYHA functional class, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Quality of Life score, and 6-Minute Hall- Walk distance after CRT for 3 months (all p 0.001) (Table 1). Left ventricular function was improved with the evidence of LV reverse remodeling, increase in sphericity indices, reduction of mitral regurgitation, decrease in myocardial performance index, as well as increase in diastolic filling time and favorable change in LV diastolic filling pattern (all p 0.001) (Table 1). Comparison That Measured of Echocardiographic Atrial Function for Parameters Responders and Nonresponders of CRT Table 3 Comparison of Echocardiographic Parameters That Measured Atrial Function for Responders and Nonresponders of CRT Atrial remodeling and atrial function after CRT. The use of CRT resulted in significant reduction of LA area before and after atrial contraction at both 4ch and 3ch views, resulting in a significant increase in LA emptying fraction (i.e., LAA-EF-4ch and -3ch; both p 0.001) (Table 2). Similarly, the LA emptying fraction by volumetric measurement, i.e., LAV-EF, was increased significantly (p 0.001). However, the maximal LA area and volume at ventricular end-systole were unchanged. There also was no change in LA diameter observed. Transmitral Doppler measurement of peak atrial velocity showed no difference between baseline and 3 months after CRT. Left and right atrial function was further examined by tissue Doppler velocity and strain imaging. It was observed that atrial contraction velocities in all the 3 atrial sites were improved significantly (Table 2). Atrial strain at ventricular end-systole, after early-diastole, as well as at end-diastole, were improved. Atrial remodeling, atrial function, and CRT response. There were 62 responders (58%) and 45 (42%) nonresponders of LV reverse remodeling. There were 5 patients with permanent AF in the nonresponder group and 6 in the responder group. The changes in atrial structure and function were divergent in the 2 groups (Table 3). In the Nonresponders Responders Baseline CRT p Value Baseline CRT p Value LA LAX diameter, mm NS NS LAA-max-4ch, cm NS NS LAA-pre-4ch, cm NS LAA-post-4ch, cm * NS LAA-EF-4ch, % NS LAA-max-3ch, cm NS NS LAA-pre-3ch, cm * NS LAA-post-3ch, cm NS LAA-EF-4ch, % NS LAV-max, cm * NS NS LAV-pre, cm * NS LAV-post, cm * NS LAV-EF, % NS V-LA, cm/s * NS V-IAS, cm/s NS V-RA, cm/s s-la, % NS s-ias, % s-ra, % * NS e-la, % NS e-ias, % e-ra, % * NS a-la, % NS NS a-ias, % NS a-ra, % * NS MV-A, cm/s * NS NS *p 0.05, p 0.01, p 0.01 comparing responders and nonresponders of corresponding parameters. Abbreviations as in Table 2.
5 782 Yu et al. JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 Improved Atrial Function After CRT August 21, 2007: Figure 1 Apical 4-Chamber View Showing the Changes of Left Atrial Size After CRT In a responder of left ventricular reverse remodeling, the LA size after atrial contraction was significantly reduced when compared between baseline (A) and 3-month follow-up (B), in contrast to a nonresponder in whom the LA size remained unchanged between baseline (C) and 3-month follow-up (D). CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy. nonresponders, there was no evidence of reduction in LA area or volume in all the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle (Fig. 1). As a result, no improvement of atrial emptying fraction was observed (both calculated by area or by volume), in contrast to the responders that the LA area and volume before and after atrial contractions were significantly reduced (Table 3, Fig. 1). As a result, LA emptying fraction by LAA-EF-4ch, LAA-EF-3ch, and LAV-EF were significantly improved (all p 0.001). By tissue Doppler velocity and strain imaging, it was observed that improvement of LA contraction velocity was only observed in the responders, though RA and IAS contraction velocity was improved in both groups (Table 3, Fig. 2). Furthermore, improvement of LA and RA strain during ventricular end-systole and early diastole were only observed in the responders (Table 3, Fig. 3). There was no significant change in transmitral peak atrial velocity in both responders and non-responders of LV reverse remodeling. There was reduction in mitral regurgitation in both responders (32 19% vs %, p 0.001) and nonresponders (34 22% vs %, p 0.005) of reverse remodeling, though the magnitude was similar in both groups ( 10 13% vs. 8 18%, p NS). Furthermore, when those patients with atrial fibrillation were excluded and the analyses were repeated, the above observations remained unchanged. Discussion This study examined atrial function and atrial remodeling in heart failure patients who received CRT by the combined use of conventional and new echocardiographic imaging tools. It was observed that active atrial contractile function was significantly improved in both atria, in particular the LA. Furthermore, atrial remodeling is evident by the reduction of atrial area and volume before and after atrial systole. These findings corroborated with the improvement of atrial function, including the increase of atrial emptying
6 JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 August 21, 2007: Yu et al. Improved Atrial Function After CRT 783 Figure 2 Assessment of Regional Left Atrial Velocity by Tissue Doppler Imaging at Apical 4-Chamber View The sampling window was placed at the midatrial level. In a responder of left ventricular reverse remodeling, there was improvement of atrial contraction velocity (arrows) when compared between baseline (A) and 3 months after cardiac resynchronization therapy (B). On the other hand, the nonresponder showed no improvement of atrial contraction velocity (arrows) between baseline (C) and 3-month follow-up (D). fraction, peak atrial contraction velocity by tissue Doppler velocity, and atrial. There was also improvement of atrial during ventricular end-systole and early diastole, which may suggest the improvement of atrial compliance. Of note, these changes were mainly observed in responders of LV reverse remodeling. Improvement of atrial function and atrial reverse remodeling after CRT. Atrial function is an integral part of cardiac function, as at least one-third or more of the LV filling is dependent on active atrial pump function, especially in the elderly population (8). In heart failure patients who received CRT, a number of studies have confirmed the improvement of LV systolic function, LV reverse remodeling, as well as reduction of LV mass (5,6,11,16). However, atrial function and atrial reverse remodeling have not been explored. This study examined atrial function by the combined use of conventional and new echocardiographic technologies. It appeared that LA active contractile function is improved in the responders of LV reverse remodeling after CRT, as suggested by the increase in LA emptying fraction by all the 3 methods. Furthermore, tissue Doppler imaging revealed the increase in atrial contraction velocity and atrial during ventricular end-diastole. In fact, the atrial contraction velocities by tissue Doppler imaging were also increased in IAS and RA, which reflect the improvement of biatrial contractile function after CRT. Our analysis also observed the impact of LV reverse remodeling response on atrial size and function. In fact, the favorable changes in LA size and contractile function were only observed in responders of LV reverse remodeling but not the nonresponders. As shown in previous studies, responders of LV reverse remodeling had evidence of more efficient diastolic filling (4,5), favorable change in geometry (high sphericity index that reduced LV wall tension) (16), reduction of mitral regurgitation (17,18), lower LV diastolic filling pressure (19), as well as regression of LV mass (6). This will favor pressure and volume-unloading effects in the LA, which facilitate atrial emptying. Furthermore, a recent study also suggested the favorable improvement of RV
7 784 Yu et al. JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 Improved Atrial Function After CRT August 21, 2007: Figure 3 Assessment of Atrial Strain at Mid Level of Left Atria in the Same Patients as in Figure 2 In a responder of left ventricular reverse remodeling, left atrial strain at ventricular end-systole ( s), early diastole ( e) as well as after atrial contraction ( a) was increased when compared with baseline (A) and 3 months after cardiac resynchronization therapy (B). On the other hand, the nonresponder showed no improvement of atrial strain between baseline (C) and 3-month follow-up (D). function and reduction of tricuspid regurgitation in CRT responders, which may lead to favorable change in RA function (7). As the magnitude of reduction in mitral regurgitation after CRT was similar between the 2 groups, reduction volume overload caused by functional mitral regurgitation is unlikely to be the major contributing factor for atrial reverse remodeling after CRT. Improvement of atrial strain after CRT and its implication. It is also important to note that the maximal LA area and volume at end-systole remain unchanged despite the improvement of active atrial contractile function. Nevertheless, left and right atrial were increased during ventricular systole and early diastole. Strain is a measure of regional deformity, which is dependent on the ultrastructural components of the atrium, such as the extent of atrial myocyte hypertrophy and amount of interstitial fibrosis (20). Therefore, our results suggest that the atria are more elastic and compliant when subjected to passive stretching. In other words, this reflects improvement of both reservoir (increased atrial during ventricle systole) and conduit functions (increased atrial during early diastole). Therefore, although the maximal atrial size remained unchanged in the responders, the more dynamic changes in atrial throughout the cardiac cycle may possibly reflect structural changes leading to better atrial compliance. Study limitations. Regarding the possible mechanism of beneficial changes in atrial function after CRT, it will be more comprehensive if factors other than LV reverse remodeling were also taken into consideration, such as assessment of severity and change in mitral regurgitation. However, the present study aimed at investigating the changes of atrial remodeling and function as the primary objective. Furthermore, more quantitative methods are needed to explore the relationship between the changes of mitral regurgitation and LA functional improvement, such as the use of proximal isovelocity surface area method, which might not be applicable in some patients with less than mild-to-moderate or eccentric mitral regurgitation. It will also be interesting to explore whether atrial reverse remodeling is associated with reduction of atrial arrhythmias, which was not examined in the present
8 JACC Vol. 50, No. 8, 2007 August 21, 2007: Yu et al. Improved Atrial Function After CRT 785 study. Finally, there were a number of comparisons of echocardiographic parameters between baseline and 3 months, as well as between responders and nonresponders, which may have added risk of type I error. Conclusions Our study illustrated that the use of CRT improved LA and RA contractile function. The increase of atrial throughout the cardiac cycle is likely reflecting the improvement of atrial compliance. These changes lead to LA reverse remodeling with reduction of LA size before and after atrial systole. Reprint requests and correspondence: Prof. Cheuk-Man Yu, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, S. H. Ho Cardiovascular and Stroke Centre, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. cmyu@cuhk.edu.hk. REFERENCES 1. Cazeau S, Leclercq C, Lavergne T, et al. Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay. N Engl J Med 2001;344: Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;346: Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352: Yu CM, Chau E, Sanderson JE, et al. Tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of reverse remodeling and improved synchronicity by simultaneously delaying regional contraction after biventricular pacing therapy in heart failure. Circulation 2002;105: St John Sutton MG, Plappert T, Abraham WT, et al. Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular size and function in chronic heart failure. Circulation 2003;107: Zhang Q, Fung JW, Auricchio A, et al. Differential change in left ventricular mass and regional wall thickness after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure. Eur Heart J 2006;27: Bleeker GB, Schalij MJ, Nihoyannopoulos P, et al. Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts right ventricular remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46: Stefanadis C, Dernellis J, Toutouzas P. A clinical appraisal of left atrial function. Eur Heart J 2001;22: Yu CM, Fung JW, Zhang Q, et al. Tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of atrial mechanical dysfunction in coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2005;105: Zhang Q, Kum LC, Lee PW, et al. Effect of age and heart rate on atrial mechanical function assessed by Doppler tissue imaging in healthy individuals. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006;19: Yu CM, Bleeker GB, Fung JW et al. Left ventricular reverse remodeling but not clinical improvement predicts long-term survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2005;112: Yu CM, Sanderson JE, Shum IO, et al. Diastolic dysfunction and natriuretic peptides in systolic heart failure. Higher ANP and BNP levels are associated with the restrictive filling pattern. Eur Heart J 1996;17: Lester SJ, Ryan EW, Schiller NB, Foster E. Best method in clinical practice and in research studies to determine left atrial size. Am J Cardiol 1999;84: Pai RG, Gill KS. Amplitudes, durations, and timings of apically directed left ventricular myocardial velocities: II. Systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998;11: Yu CM, Wang Q, Lau CP et al. Reversible impairment of left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function during short-lasting atrial fibrillation in patients with an implantable atrial defibrillator: a tissue Doppler imaging study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001;24: Yu CM, Fung JW, Zhang Q, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging is superior to strain rate imaging and postsystolic shortening on the prediction of reverse remodeling in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2004;110: Breithardt OA, Sinha AM, Schwammenthal E et al. Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional mitral regurgitation in advanced systolic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41: Kanzaki H, Bazaz R, Schwartzman D, Dohi K, Sade LE, Gorcsan J III. A mechanism for immediate reduction in mitral regurgitation after cardiac resynchronization therapy: insights from mechanical activation strain mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44: Waggoner AD, Faddis MN, Gleva MJ, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy acutely improves diastolic function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18: Ohtani K, Yutani C, Nagata S, Koretsune Y, Hori M, Kamada T. High prevalence of atrial fibrosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:
Diastolic and Systolic Asynchrony in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 49, No. 1, 2007 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/07/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.022
More informationChapter. Victoria Delgado, Claudia Ypenburg, Qing Zhang, Sjoerd A. Mollema, Jeffrey Wing-Hong Fung, Martin J. Schalij, Cheuk-Man Yu, Jeroen J. Bax.
16 Chapter Changes in global left ventricular function by multidirectional strain assessment in heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy Victoria Delgado, Claudia Ypenburg, Qing
More informationThree-dimensional Wall Motion Tracking:
Three-dimensional Wall Motion Tracking: A Novel Echocardiographic Method for the Assessment of Ventricular Volumes, Strain and Dyssynchrony Jeffrey C. Hill, BS, RDCS, FASE Jennifer L. Kane, RCS Gerard
More informationChapter 25. N Ajmone Marsan, G B Bleeker, R J van Bommel, C JW Borleffs, M Bertini, E R Holman, E E van der Wall, M J Schalij, and J J Bax
Chapter 25 Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischemic versus nonischemic heart failure: Differential effect of optimizing interventricular pacing interval N Ajmone Marsan, G B Bleeker,
More informationLong-Term Prognosis After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Is Related to the Extent of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling at Midterm Follow-Up
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 53, No. 6, 29 29 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 735-97/9/$36. Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:.6/j.jacc.28..32 Cardiac Resynchronization
More informationHigh prevalence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with congestive heart failure and normal QRS duration
54 CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE High prevalence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with congestive heart failure and normal QRS duration C-M Yu, H Lin, Q Zhang, J E Sanderson...
More informationWHAT DO ELECTROPHYSIOLOGISTS WANT TO KNOW FROM ECHOCARDIOGRAPHERS BEFORE, DURING&AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY?
WHAT DO ELECTROPHYSIOLOGISTS WANT TO KNOW FROM ECHOCARDIOGRAPHERS BEFORE, DURING&AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY? Mary Ong Go, MD, FPCP, FPCC, FACC OUTLINE What is CRT Who needs CRT What does the
More informationThe Management of Heart Failure after Biventricular Pacing
The Management of Heart Failure after Biventricular Pacing Juan M. Aranda, Jr., MD University of Florida College of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Approximately 271,000
More informationCheuk-Man Yu, MD, Wing-Hong Fung, MRCP, Hong Lin, BM, MM, Qing Zhang, BM, MM, John E. Sanderson, MD, and Chu-Pak Lau, MD
Predictors of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure Secondary to Idiopathic Dilated or Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Cheuk-Man Yu, MD, Wing-Hong Fung,
More information8/8/2011. CARDIAC RESYCHRONIZATION THERAPY for Heart Failure. Case Presentation. Case Presentation
CARDIAC RESYCHRONIZATION THERAPY for Heart Failure James Taylor, DO, FACOS Cardiothoracic and Vascular surgery San Angelo Community Medical Center San Angelo, TX Case Presentation 64 year old female with
More informationIdentification of super-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the importance of symptom duration and left ventricular geometry
Europace (2009) 11, 343 349 doi:10.1093/europace/eup038 CLINICAL RESEARCH Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Identification of super-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the importance
More informationEffect of Ventricular Pacing on Myocardial Function. Inha University Hospital Sung-Hee Shin
Effect of Ventricular Pacing on Myocardial Function Inha University Hospital Sung-Hee Shin Contents 1. The effect of right ventricular apical pacing 2. Strategies for physiologically optimal ventricular
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 12, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /05/$30.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 12, 2005 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.095
More informationResearch Article. Open Access. Hai-Bo ZHANG 1, Xu MENG 1, Jie HAN 1, Yan LI 1, Ye ZHANG 2, Teng-Yong JIANG 3, Ying-Xin ZHAO 3, Yu-Jie Zhou 3
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology (2017) 14: 261 265 2017 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com Research Article Open Access Transvenous versus open chest lead placement for resynchronization therapy in
More informationCRT-D or CRT-P: HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT PATIENT?
CRT-D or CRT-P: HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT PATIENT? Alessandro Lipari, MD Chair and Department of Cardiology University of Study and Spedali Civili Brescia -Italy The birth of CRT in Europe, 20 years ago
More informationThe road to successful CRT implantation: The role of echo
The road to successful CRT implantation: The role of echo Tae-Ho Park Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea Terminology Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) = Biventricular pacing (BiV) = Left ventricular
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/19036 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bommel, Rutger Jan van Title: Cardiac resynchronization therapy : determinants
More informationDOI: /
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (Apr. 2015) Vol. 59, Page 167-171 Optimization of Coronary Sinus Lead Position in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy guided by Three Dimensional Echocardiography
More informationT he use of biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure
859 CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE Colour tissue velocity imaging can show resynchronisation of longitudinal left ventricular contraction pattern by biventricular pacing in patients with severe heart failure
More informationLV FUNCTION ASSESSMENT: WHAT IS BEYOND EJECTION FRACTION
LV FUNCTION ASSESSMENT: WHAT IS BEYOND EJECTION FRACTION Jamilah S AlRahimi Assistant Professor, KSU-HS Consultant Noninvasive Cardiology KFCC, MNGHA-WR Introduction LV function assessment in Heart Failure:
More informationEchocardiographic Parameters of Ventricular Dyssynchrony Validation in Patients With Heart Failure Using Sequential Biventricular Pacing
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 44, No. 11, 2004 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/04/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.08.065
More informationImprovements in Left Ventricular Diastolic Function After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Are Coupled to Response in Systolic Performance
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 12, 2005 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.094
More informationTilburg University. Published in: American Heart Journal. Document version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record. Publication date: 2007
Tilburg University Improvement in diastolic function and left ventricular filling pressure induced by cardiac resynchronization therapy Jansen, A.H.M.; van Dantzig, J.M.; Bracke, F.; Peels, K.H.; Koolen,
More informationOriginal Article Ventricular Dyssynchrony Patterns in Left Bundle Branch Block, With and Without Heart Failure
www.ipej.org 115 Original Article Ventricular Dyssynchrony Patterns in Left Bundle Branch Block, With and Without Heart Failure Hygriv B Rao, Raghu Krishnaswami, Sharada Kalavakolanu, Narasimhan Calambur
More informationCardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure Ventricular Dyssynchrony vs Resynchronization Ventricular Dysynchrony Ventricular Dysynchrony 1 Electrical: Inter- or Intraventricular conduction delays
More informationCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular
Improvement of Left Ventricular Function After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Is Predicted by Tissue Doppler Imaging Echocardiography Martin Penicka, MD; Jozef Bartunek, MD, PhD; Bernard De Bruyne,
More informationLeft atrial function. Aliakbar Arvandi MD
In the clinic Left atrial function Abstract The left atrium (LA) is a left posterior cardiac chamber which is located adjacent to the esophagus. It is separated from the right atrium by the inter-atrial
More informationCardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Improving Patient Selection and Outcomes
The Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management, 3 (2012), 899 904 DEVICE THERAPY CLINICAL DECISION MAKING Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Improving Patient Selection and Outcomes GURINDER S.
More informationCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Acutely Improves Diastolic Function Alan D. Waggoner, MHS, Mitchell N. Faddis, MD, PhD, Marye J. Gleva, MD, Lisa de Las Fuentes, MD, Judy Osborn, RN, Sharon Heuerman,
More informationIndications for and Prediction of Successful Responses of CRT for Patients with Heart Failure
Indications for and Prediction of Successful Responses of CRT for Patients with Heart Failure Edmund Keung, MD Clinical Chief, Cardiology Section San Francisco VAMC October 25, 2008 Presentation Outline
More informationPathophysiology and Current Evidence for Detection of Dyssynchrony
Editorial Cardiol Res. 2017;8(5):179-183 Pathophysiology and Current Evidence for Detection of Dyssynchrony Michael Spartalis a, d, Eleni Tzatzaki a, Eleftherios Spartalis b, Christos Damaskos b, Antonios
More informationEchocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Update Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto OMNI-CCNI Medicina Diagnóstica/Diagnósticos da América and Instituto
More informationPRESENTER DISCLOSURE INFORMATION. There are no potential conflicts of interest regarding current presentation
PRESENTER DISCLOSURE INFORMATION There are no potential conflicts of interest regarding current presentation Better synchrony and diastolic function for septal versus apical right ventricular permanent
More informationComparison of clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild to moderate heart failure
HOT TOPIC Cardiology Journal 2010, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 543 548 Copyright 2010 Via Medica ISSN 1897 5593 Comparison of clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild to moderate heart
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/19036 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bommel, Rutger Jan van Title: Cardiac resynchronization therapy : determinants
More informationAdvanced imaging of the left atrium - strain, CT, 3D, MRI -
Advanced imaging of the left atrium - strain, CT, 3D, MRI - Monica Rosca, MD Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania Declaration of interest: I have nothing to declare Case
More informationBSH Annual Autumn Meeting 2017
BSH Annual Autumn Meeting 2017 Presentation title: The Development of CRT Speaker: John GF Cleland Conflicts of interest: I have received research support and honoraria from Biotronik, Boston Scientific,
More informationChapter 3. N Ajmone Marsan, G B Bleeker, C Ypenburg, S Ghio, N R van de Veire, E R Holman, E E Van der Wall, L Tavazzi, M J Schalij, and J J Bax
Chapter 3 Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography permits quantification of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and predicts acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy N Ajmone Marsan,
More informationBi-Ventricular pacing after the most recent studies
Seminars of the Hellenic Working Groups February 18th-20 20,, 2010, Thessaloniki, Greece Bi-Ventricular pacing after the most recent studies Maurizio Lunati MD Director EP Lab & Unit Cardiology Dpt. Niguarda
More informationBiventricular Pacing: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative for Patients with Severe Congestive Heart Failure
September 2001 353 Biventricular Pacing: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative for Patients with Severe Congestive Heart Failure T. SZILI-TOROK, D. THEUNS, P. KLOOTWIJK, M.F. SCHOLTEN, G.P. KIMMAN, L.J.
More informationLeft Ventricular Pacing. Is it Enough?
Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 4(1): 89-99, 2009 2009, INSInet Publication Left Ventricular Pacing. Is it Enough? Ashraf Wadie, MD, Ahmed Abdel Aziz, MD, Gamal Hamed, MD, Dalia Ragab,
More informationHeart Online First, published on September 13, 2005 as /hrt
Heart Online First, published on September 13, 2005 as 10.1136/hrt.2005.064816 Cardiac resynchronization therapy in chronic atrial fibrillation: Impact on left atrial size and reversal to sinus rhythm
More informationAssessment of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony by Speckle Tracking Strain Imaging
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 51, No. 20, 2008 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/08/$34.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.040
More informationDON T FORGET TO OPTIMISE DEVICE PROGRAMMING
CRT:NON-RESPONDERS OR NON-PROGRESSORS? DON T FORGET TO OPTIMISE DEVICE PROGRAMMING Prof. ALİ OTO,MD,FESC,FACC,FHRS Chairman,Department of Cardiology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine,Ankara Causes
More informationReduction of Mitral Regurgitation by Endocardial Right Ventricular Bifocal Pacing in Cases of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
June 2000 233 Reduction of Mitral Regurgitation by Endocardial Right Ventricular Bifocal Pacing in Cases of Dilated Cardiomyopathy J. C. PACHON M., R. N. ALBORNOZ, E. I. PACHON M., V. M. GIMENES, J. PACHON
More informationTHE LEFT ATRIUM HOW CAN ECHO HELP US?
THE LEFT ATRIUM HOW CAN ECHO HELP US? Dr. Dragos COZMA BACKGROUND Left atrium (LA) dilation can occur in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction,
More informationAppendix II: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ANALYSIS
Appendix II: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ANALYSIS Two-Dimensional (2D) imaging was performed using the Vivid 7 Advantage cardiovascular ultrasound system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee) with a frame rate of 400 frames
More informationValue of echocardiography in chronic dyspnea
Value of echocardiography in chronic dyspnea Jahrestagung Schweizerische Gesellschaft für /Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie B. Kaufmann 16.06.2016 Chronic dyspnea Shortness of breath lasting
More informationCardiac resynchronisation therapy (biventricular pacing) for the treatment of heart failure
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE Health Technology Appraisal for the treatment of heart failure Final scope Appraisal objective To appraise the clinical and cost effectiveness of cardiac
More informationThoranis Chantrarat MD
Device Therapy in Heart Failure Thoranis Chantrarat MD 1 Scope of presentation Natural history of heart failure Primary and secondary prevention ICD and its indication CRT and its indication 2 Severity
More informationHow to Approach the Patient with CRT and Recurrent Heart Failure
How to Approach the Patient with CRT and Recurrent Heart Failure Byron K. Lee MD Associate Professor of Medicine Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Section UCSF Update in Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias
More informationCardiac Resynchronization Therapy Part 1 Issues Before Device Implantation
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 12, 2005 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.019
More informationHow to assess ischaemic MR?
ESC 2012 How to assess ischaemic MR? Luc A. Pierard, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC Professor of Medicine Head, Department of Cardiology University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liège ESC 2012 No conflict of interest Luc
More informationLeft Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients Showing Diastolic Dysfunction without Overt Symptoms of Heart Failure
ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2010.25.3.246 Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients Showing Diastolic Dysfunction without Overt Symptoms of Heart Failure Jae Hoon Kim, Hee Sang Jang, Byung Seok
More informationAtrial dyssynchrony syndrome: An overlooked cause of heart failure with normal ejection fraction
Atrial dyssynchrony syndrome: An overlooked cause of heart failure with normal ejection fraction JC Eicher, G Laurent, O Barthez, A Mathé, G Bertaux, JE Wolf Heart Failure Treatment Unit, Rhythmology and
More informationAnalysis of LV Lead Position in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Using Different Imaging Modalities
JACC: CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING VOL. 3, NO., 2010 2010 BY THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION ISSN 1936-878X/$36.00 PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER INC. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.11.016 Analysis of LV Lead
More informationUpgrade to Resynchronization Therapy. Saeed Oraii MD, Cardiologist Interventional Electrophysiologist Tehran Arrhythmia Clinic May 2016
Upgrade to Resynchronization Therapy Saeed Oraii MD, Cardiologist Interventional Electrophysiologist Tehran Arrhythmia Clinic May 2016 Event Free Survival (%) CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
More informationBiventricular Pacing Using Two Pacemakers and Triggered VVT Mode in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure: A Case Report
2 VVT 1 Biventricular Pacing Using Two Pacemakers and Triggered VVT Mode in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure: A Case Report Youhei Toshiyuki Kazuaki Shinichi Yasuyuki Toshiaki
More informationCardiac Resynchronization Therapy Part 2 Issues During and After Device Implantation and Unresolved Questions
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 12, 2005 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.020
More informationCardiac resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure
For reprint orders, please contact reprints@expert-reviews.com Cardiac resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure Expert Rev. Med. Devices 8(3), 313 317 (2011) Haran Burri Electrophysiology
More informationLeft atrial Function In Echocardiography
Left atrial Function In Echocardiography Pr Erwan DONAL erwan.donal@chu-rennes.fr Inserm Diastole LA Pressure (mmhg) -t/ 17 LA function 15 A-Loop 13 V-Loop 11 9 7 5 1 2 3 4 20 30 40 50 60 70 LA Volume
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, No. 13, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /07/$32.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, No. 13, 2007 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/07/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.096
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for the treatment of arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for the treatment of heart failure (review
More informationThe Patient with Atrial Fibrilation
Assessment of Diastolic Function The Patient with Atrial Fibrilation Assoc. Prof. Adriana Ilieşiu, FESC University of Medicine Carol Davila Bucharest, Romania Associated Conditions with Atrial Fibrillation
More informationTissue Doppler Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease
Tissue Doppler Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease L. Youngmin Eun, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kwandong University College of Medicine The potential advantage of ultrasound
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29358 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Thijssen, Joep Title: Clinical aspects and socio-economic implications of implantable
More informationPrognostic Value of Left Atrial Size and Function
Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Size and Function James D. Thomas, M.D., F.A.C.C. Cardiovascular Imaging Center Department of Cardiology Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio, USA Conflicts: None
More informationCardiac Resynchronization Therapy Tailored by Echocardiographic Evaluation of Ventricular Asynchrony
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 40, No. 9, 2002 2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/02/$22.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(02)02337-9
More informationBasic Approach to the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Ventricular Diastolic Function
Basic Approach to the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Ventricular Diastolic Function J A F E R A L I, M D U N I V E R S I T Y H O S P I T A L S C A S E M E D I C A L C E N T E R S T A F F C A R D I O T
More informationSpeckle-Tracking Radial Strain Reveals Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients With Permanent Right Ventricular Pacing
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, No. 12, 2007 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/07/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.011
More informationThe importance of left atrium in LV diastolic function
II Baltic Heart Failure Meeting and Congress of Latvian Society of Cardiology The importance of left atrium in LV diastolic function Dr. Artem Kalinin Eastern Clinical University Hospital Riga 30.09.2010.
More informationEBR Systems, Inc. 686 W. Maude Ave., Suite 102 Sunnyvale, CA USA
Over 200,000 patients worldwide are estimated to receive a CRT device each year. However, limitations prevent some patients from benefiting. CHALLENGING PROCEDURE 5% implanted patients fail to have coronary
More informationResolution of Left Bundle Branch Block Induced Cardiomyopathy by Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 61, No. 10, 2013 2013 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.053
More informationEvaluation of Ejection Fraction in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by Two and Three Dimensional Echocardiography
58 Original article Evaluation of Ejection Fraction in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by Two and Three Dimensional Echocardiography Anil OM Department of cardiology, Manmohan Cardiothoracic
More informationProspective comparison of echocardiographic atrioventricular delay optimization methods for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Prospective comparison of echocardiographic atrioventricular delay optimization methods for cardiac resynchronization therapy Jeffrey E. Kerlan, MD, a Navinder S. Sawhney, MD, a Alan D. Waggoner, MHS,
More informationعلم االنسان ما لم يعلم
In the name of Allah, the Beneficiate, the Merciful ق ال هللا تعالي: 5 الدى علم بالق لم 4 علم االنسان ما لم يعلم سورة العلق It is He (Allah), Who has taught by the pen He has taught man which he did not
More informationBiventricular Pacing - Hemodynamic Benefit for Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
428 December 2000 Biventricular Pacing - Hemodynamic Benefit for Patients with Congestive Heart Failure K. MALINOWSKI Helios Clinics, Aue, Germany Summary Congestive heart failure afflicts a large and
More informationPredictive Power of the Baseline QRS Complex Duration for Clinical Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY ORIGINAL ARTICLE Predictive Power of the Baseline QRS Complex Duration for Clinical Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Ali Kazemisaeid, MD, Ali Bozorgi, MD,
More informationInsights From a Cardiac Resynchronization Optimization Clinic as Part of a Heart Failure Disease Management Program
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 53, No. 9, 2009 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/09/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.024
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/19036 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bommel, Rutger Jan van Title: Cardiac resynchronization therapy : determinants
More informationClinical material and methods. Departments of 1 Cardiology and 2 Anatomy, Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
Interatrial Block and P-Terminal Force: A Reflection of Mitral Stenosis Severity on Electrocardiography Murat Yuce 1, Vedat Davutoglu 1, Cayan Akkoyun 1, Nese Kizilkan 2, Suleyman Ercan 1, Murat Akcay
More informationStephen Glen ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Stephen Glen ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION Overview Coronary arteries Terminology to describe contractility Measuring ventricular function Systolic dysfunction Practice cases- LV
More informationPredictive Power of the Baseline QRS Complex Duration for Clinical Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
CARDIAC MARKERS ORIGINAL RESEARCH Predictive Power of the Baseline QRS Complex Duration for Clinical Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Ali Kazemisaeid, MD, Ali Bozorgi, MD, Ahmad Yamini Sharif,
More informationDialysis-Dependent Cardiomyopathy Patients Demonstrate Poor Survival Despite Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Dialysis-Dependent Cardiomyopathy Patients Demonstrate Poor Survival Despite Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Evan Adelstein, MD, FHRS John Gorcsan III, MD Samir Saba, MD, FHRS
More informationIn the recent years, cardiac resynchronization therapy
Can LV Dyssynchrony as Assessed with Phase Analysis on Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Predict Response to CRT? Maureen M. Henneman 1, Ji Chen 2, Petra Dibbets-Schneider 3, Marcel P. Stokkel 3, Gabe B.
More informationChamber Quantitation Guidelines: What is New?
Chamber Quantitation Guidelines: What is New? Roberto M Lang, MD J AM Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:1440-1463 1 Approximately 10,000 citations iase in itune Cardiac Chamber Quantification: What is New? Database
More informationChapter 7. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008;35:
Chapter 7 Left ventricular dyssynchrony assessed by two 3-dimensional imaging modalities: phase analysis of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT and tri-plane tissue Doppler imaging N Ajmone Marsan, M M Henneman,
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/19036 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bommel, Rutger Jan van Title: Cardiac resynchronization therapy : determinants
More informationafter CRT device activation, the septal flash disappears, and LV reverse remodeling and an increase in contractility are observed.
12 (6), 2009 doi: 10.1532/HSF98.20091129 Online address: http://cardenjennings.metapress.com Detecting Volume Responders prior to Implantation of a Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Device via Minithoracotomy:
More informationAnodal Capture in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Implications for Device Programming
Anodal Capture in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Implications for Device Programming DAVID TAMBORERO,* LLUIS MONT,* ROBERTO ALANIS, ANTONIO BERRUEZO,* JOSE MARIA TOLOSANA,* MARTA SITGES,* BARBARA VIDAL,*
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 58, No. 22, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /$36.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 58, No. 22, 2011 2011 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.038
More informationCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) delivered through biventricular
PHARMACOMECHANICAL APPROACH TO CHF TREATMENT Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices: Patient Management and Follow-Up Strategies Angel R. Leon, MD, FACC Emory Crawford Long Hospital, Division of Cardiology,
More informationHemodynamic Assessment. Assessment of Systolic Function Doppler Hemodynamics
Hemodynamic Assessment Matt M. Umland, RDCS, FASE Aurora Medical Group Milwaukee, WI Assessment of Systolic Function Doppler Hemodynamics Stroke Volume Cardiac Output Cardiac Index Tei Index/Index of myocardial
More informationLittle is known about the degree and time course of
Differential Changes in Regional Right Ventricular Function Before and After a Bilateral Lung Transplantation: An Ultrasonic Strain and Strain Rate Study Virginija Dambrauskaite, MD, Lieven Herbots, MD,
More informationEvaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction by Doppler and 2D Speckle-tracking Imaging in Patients with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
ESC Congress 2011.No 85975 Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction by Doppler and 2D Speckle-tracking Imaging in Patients with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Second Department of Internal
More informationLV geometric and functional changes in VHD: How to assess? Mi-Seung Shin M.D., Ph.D. Gachon University Gil Hospital
LV geometric and functional changes in VHD: How to assess? Mi-Seung Shin M.D., Ph.D. Gachon University Gil Hospital LV inflow across MV LV LV outflow across AV LV LV geometric changes Pressure overload
More informationRight Ventricle Steven J. Lester MD, FACC, FRCP(C), FASE Mayo Clinic, Arizona
Right Ventricle Steven J. Lester MD, FACC, FRCP(C), FASE Mayo Clinic, Arizona 1. In which scenario will applying the simplified Bernoulli equation to the peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity and adding
More informationLA Function analysis Marcia Barbosa Vice Presidente - Brazilian Soc of Cardiology President-elect - Interamerican Soc of Cardiology
LA Function analysis Marcia Barbosa Vice Presidente - Brazilian Soc of Cardiology President-elect - Interamerican Soc of Cardiology Belo Horizonte Brazil DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST Nothing to
More informationBME 5742 Bio-Systems Modeling and Control. Lecture 41 Heart & Blood Circulation Heart Function Basics
BME 5742 Bio-Systems Modeling and Control Lecture 41 Heart & Blood Circulation Heart Function Basics Dr. Zvi Roth (FAU) 1 Pumps A pump is a device that accepts fluid at a low pressure P 1 and outputs the
More informationEvaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony using combined pulsed wave and tissue Doppler imaging
Clinical research Evaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony using combined pulsed wave and tissue Doppler imaging Xuedong Shen 1, Wilbert S. Aronow 2, Kishlay Anand 1, Chandra K. Nair 1, Mark J. Holmberg
More information