Vetiver in Thailand: General aspects and basic studies. Vetiver in Thailand: General aspects and basic studies. Nualchavee Roongtanakiat
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1
2 Introduction Natural resources in Thail
3 Introduction Problems of natural resources Depletion of the resources Environmental pollution
4 Introduction Soil water resources Soil deterioration Soil erosion Soil contamination Soil infertility
5 Introduction His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej has promoted the initiative of using vetiver for soil water conservation since 1991.
6 Vetiver in Thail Faek or Ya Faek = Vetiver
7 Vetiver in Thail Faek or Ya Faek = Vetiver Faek Don Upl vetiver Faek Hom Lowl vetiver Vetiveria nemoralis Vetiveria zizanioides
8 Vetiver in Thail Thai Vetiver Ecotypes Faek Don Upl vetiver Faek Hom Lowl vetiver Prachuab Ratchaburi Khiri Khan Kamphaeng Songkhla Phet 3 2 Vetiveria nemoralis Vetiveria zizanioides
9 Vetiver in Thail Suitability of vetiver ecotypes in various soil types Sy soil Nakorn Sawan Kamphaeng Phet 1 Clay loam soil Loei Surat Thani Laterite soil Prachuab Khiri Khan Songkhla 3
10 Vetiver in Thail Suitability of vetiver ecotypes in different regions North: Nakhon Sawan Kamphaeng Phet 1 Central east: Ratchaburi Prachuab Khiri Khan Northeast: Roi Et Songkhla 3 South: Surat Thani Songkhla 3
11 Research development The Office of Royal Development Projects Board (ORDPB) Knowledge dissemination Financial support Coordination monitoring
12 Research development Master plans of ORDPB Basic applied research ( ) Knowledge dissemination ( ) Extension promotion ( )
13 Role of Kasetsart University The studies on vetiver began at Kasetsart University in 1992.
14 Role of Kasetsart University Genetic study
15 Genetic study Genome analysis of Thai vetiver ecotypes Both SSCP RAPD analyses are sufficient to distinguish each ecotypes of Faek Don Faek Hom. (Srifah et al.)
16 Genetic study Karyomorphological study 5_ m 5_ m 5_ m 5_ m Chromosome number = 20 Chromosome length = micron. (Kongpraphon el al.)
17 Genetic study Meiosis of vetiver germplasm N 1 2 N N 3 4 N N 5 6 Normal abnormal chromosome behaviors of vetiver meiotic cells. (Kongpraphon et al.)
18 Role of Kasetsart University Plant development breeding study
19 Plant development breeding study Shoot apex development Four vetiver ecotypes had similar patterns of apex development but differed in the duration rate of each development. (Kaveeta et al.)
20 Plant development breeding study Tissue culture technique Tissue culture technique using lateral buds gave 70% survival rate of plantlets. (Department of Botany, KU)
21 Plant development breeding study Salt tolerance in vetiver NaCl (%) KP Gy gamma irradiated calli of Kamphaeng Phet 1 ecotype had maximum degree of salt tolerance. (Na Nakorn et al.)
22 Plant development breeding study Glufosinate resistance in vetiver The glufosinate resistance was mainly due to increasing GS activity its decrease in sensitivity to the herbicide. (Prasertsongkun et al.)
23 Role of Kasetsart University Vetiver soil fertility study
24 Vetiver soil fertility study Soil fertility improvement by vetiver Yeild dry weight T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Treatment Cob Seed Straw Vetiver mulching conserved topsoil moisture increased available-n, available-p extractable-k. (Roongtanakiat et al.) Vetiver cultivation could improve soil properties such as ph, OM, bulk density, permeability, etc. (Thatachasatid)
25 Vetiver soil fertility study Vetiver soil microorganisms The VA mycorrhiza increased vetiver biomass nutrient uptake. (Techapinyawat et al.)
26 Role of Kasetsart University Phytoremediation study Fe Cu Mn Pb Zn Cd
27 Phytoremediation study Vetiver heavy metal uptake Shoot dry weight 60 days 120 days K R S K R S K R S K R S K R S Level of heavy metal Heavy metals did not affect the growth of vetiver. Vetiver is not a heavy metal hyperaccumulator plant. (Roongtanakiat Chairoj)
28 Phytoremediation study Uptake of heavy metals from lfill leachate by vetiver Vetiver height Leachate strength (%) Leachate strength of lfill affected vetiver growth heavy metal uptake. (Roongtanakiat et al.)
29 Phytoremediation study Vetiver for wastewater treatment Removal efficiency (%) W1 W2 W3 W4 Mn Fe Cu Zn Pb Heavy metal Heavy metals concentrated more in vetiver root than in shoot. Sri Lanka ecotype had the best growth highest heavy metal removal efficiencies. (Roongtanakiat et al.)
30 C o n c l u s i o n What makes vetiver work so well? How to enhance the potential for phytoremediation? How to obtain shade tolerant cold tolerant vetiver? Basic research is still required to elucidate more on vetiver.
31 T h a n k y o u
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