Broad-spectrum disinfectant composition containing a synergistic combination of cinnamon oil and citric acid
|
|
- Dorcas Randall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 117 e rc EORC International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics Broad-spectrum disinfectant composition containing a synergistic combination of cinnamon oil and citric acid N. Baiju, S. M. Modak * Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, C, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA Abstract Most surface and skin cleansers contain the antimicrobial triclosan and are widely used to reduce the transmission of pathogens in households and healthcare settings. However, triclosan-containing products have been reported to produce resistant microbes. In this study, botanicals such as essential oils and fruit acids have been investigated for their disinfectant activity. The antimicrobial efficacy of low concentrations of essential oils (0.25% to 0.50%) in combination with fruit acids (citric and lactic acids) showed synergistic activity in vitro. All the essential oils exhibited synergistic activity with 1% of citric acid when tested against Staphylococcus aureus ( log reduction from the control). Cinnamon, basil and citronella oil showed superior synergistic activity against all the bacteria tested, which included E. coli, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( log reduction from the control). Most importantly, only the cinnamon oil-citric acid combination (Cin-Cit) was highly effective against Candida albicans ( log reduction). Cin-Cit was incorporated in a liquid soap base (Cin-Cit soap), and the rapid antimicrobial efficacy (post-30-second contact) was evaluated and compared with that of a commercial hand soap containing triclosan by the tube-dilution method. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Cin-Cit soap was much higher (5.09 to 6.10 log reduction from the control) than that of soap containing triclosan (0.27 to 0.75 log reduction). Cin-Cit may provide rapid and broad spectrum disinfectant action when used in skin and surface cleansers. Key words: synergistic combination, essential oils, cinnamon oil, citric acid, organisms, surface cleanser, soap, triclosan. Introduction The major cause of microbial contamination and disease transmission in healthcare workers and in the general public is primarily contact with contaminated skin and hard surfaces. To address this problem, cleaning products such as surface cleansers, laundry detergents and skin and hand cleansers containing antibacterial compounds and disinfectants have been formulated and used. The main antibacterial agent used in these products is triclosan. Widespread use of triclosan-containing products can produce resistant microbes, resulting in the propagation of resistant microbial variants in the environment [1-4]. The recent trend in the use of environment-friendly * Corresponding author. address: smm4@columbia.edu Essential Oil Resource Consultants. All rights reserved. products has led to the increased use of natural products to treat diseases. The antiseptic properties of natural products such as aromatic and medicinal plants and their extracts have been known since ancient times. The essential oils from many of these plants have been characterized [5], and they have been found to possess antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties [6-9]. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of plant products as preservatives in food and to treat disease [10, 11]. However, there have been reports of toxicity and contact dermatitis with use of essential oils at the effective concentrations [12]. Previously, we showed that the essential oils and their ingredients (sesquiterpenoids) exhibit synergistic action with quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) [13], which are commonly used as preservatives. In order to make use of the beneficial effect of essential oils
2 118 International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics (2007) 1, with reduced risk of deleterious effects, we investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of low concentrations of essential oils in combination with other plant products, such as fruit acids. In this study, the synergistic effect of essential oils and fruit acids against various pathogens was evaluated. Furthermore, the utility of these botanicals as a natural antimicrobial-disinfectant composition for use in skin cleansers was also investigated. Materials Microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) and Candida albicans (ATCC 11651) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The clinical isolate used in this study, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), was obtained from the New York Presbyterian Medical Center, NY. Essential oils and fruit acids The essential oils of basil (Ocimum sanctum), cinnamon bark and leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lavender (Lavandula officinalis) and lemon (Citrus limonum) were obtained from Vaishali Industries, India. Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), and orange (Citrus aurantium) oils were obtained from Herbal Remedies, USA. Lactic and citric acids were obtained from Purac and J.T. Baker Chemical Co., respectively. Disinfectant composition The disinfectant composition consisted of 6.94% cinnamon oil, 13.8% citric acid and 2.8% orange oil (for fragrance) dissolved in 76.4% SDA40-B alcohol (Cin-Cit). Soap containing Cin-Cit A soap base containing thickening agents, surfactants, and lathering agents was prepared. Cin-Cit was incorporated at 7% concentration into this base. Triclosan soap Soft soap containing 0.15% triclosan (TC) (Soft soap TC) was purchased from a local drugstore. Dilution fluid with neutralizer (DFN) Ten ml of Tween 80 and 3 ml of lecithin were added to 987 ml of deionized water containing 34 g KH 2 PO 4. The ph was adjusted to 7.2 prior to autoclaving at 121 C. Methods Evaluation of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of basil oil and organic acids against S. aureus Various concentrations of basil oil, organic acids and combinations were prepared in water containing 10% SDA40-B alcohol. With the exception of citric acid, all ingredients were added by volume. Nine ml of the solutions listed above were dispensed in sterile culture tubes in triplicate, and 0.1 ml of 1x10 7 cfu/ml of S. aureus culture was added to each of the tubes and mixed by vortexing. The tubes were incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes and then 0.9 ml of the dilution fluid with neutralizer (DFN) were added to each tube, mixed well, and serial dilutions made with DFN. The dilutions in 0.5 ml volumes were plated on trypticase soy agar (TSA) plates. As a control, water containing 10% SDA40-B alcohol was used and processed similarly. The plates were incubated at 37 C for hours, and the colony counts were determined. Evaluation of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of various essential oils with citric acid against S. aureus The various essential oils at 0.25%, such as tea tree, clove, lavender, lemon, orange citronella, pine, cinnamon leaf, and cinnamon bark either alone, or in combination with 1% citric acid, were dissolved in water containing 10% SDA40-B alcohol. These solutions in 0.9 ml volumes were dispensed in sterile culture tubes in triplicate. The tests were carried out as described above. Efficacy of combination of citric acid with basil, cinnamon, and citronella oils against different organisms. In this experiment, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, MRSA and C. albicans were used as test organisms; 0.25% of each of the essential oils (such as basil, cinnamon, and citronella oils) and 1% citric acid were dissolved in water containing 10% SDA40-B alcohol. These solutions at 0.9 ml were dispensed in sterile culture tubes in triplicate and the tests were carried out as described before. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of hand soap containing Cin-Cit The rapid antimicrobial efficacy of soaps was measured using a method previously published [13] with the following exception: a lower concentration of bacterial culture was used in this test. In short, a mixture of 0.1 ml containing 10 7 CFU/ml of different bacterial cultures and 0.1 ml of bovine serum were placed in a sterile culture tube. Cin-Cit soap (0.8 ml) was added to the tube and vortexed for 30 seconds. Nine ml of DFN was added to the tube to neutralize the activity of the soap; the tube was then vortexed and serially diluted with DFN. The diluted solutions were plated on trypticase soy agar plates in 0.5 ml volumes, incubated at 37 C for h and the colony counts determined. Soft soap TC was also tested as described above. Phosphate-buffered saline containing the culture was used as the control. Results Evaluation of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of basil oil and organic acids against S. aureus Table 1 shows the synergistic activity of basil oil and organic acids against S. aureus. The log reduction from control bacterial counts for 1.0% basil oil alone was 2.7, while acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid at the same concentration had log reductions of 0.2, 0.1, and 2.3, respectively. The combination of 1% basil oil and 1% of the acids showed higher log reductions ( ). Higher synergistic activity was seen with the combination of basil oil and citric acid. Evaluation of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of various essential oils with citric acids against S. aureus Since citric acid showed superior synergistic activity with basil oil, other essential oils such as cinnamon, citronella, orange, lavender, tea tree, pine, and lemon were tested to determine their synergistic activity with citric acid.
3 119 When tested alone, the various essential oils at 0.25% concentration showed a log reduction ranging from from control counts. Table 1. Synergistic activity of basil oil in combination with organic acids against S. aureus. compounds % log 10 reduction* 1 basil basil basil acetic acid lactic acid citric acid basil + 1 lactic acid basil + 1 acetic acid basil + 1 citric acid basil + 1 citric acid basil citric acid basil + 1 citric acid basil citric acid 2.5 reduction from control bacterial counts that range from 1 x 10 6 to 5 x The log reductions of combinations of various essential oils at the 0.25 % concentration and citric acid at 1.0% ranged from (Table 2). Table 2. Synergistic activity of various essential oils with citric acid against S. aureus. compounds % log 10 reduction 1 citric acid cinnamon bark cinnamon bark + 1 citric acid cinnamon leaf cinnamon leaf + 1 citric acid citronella citronella + 1 citric acid orange orange + 1 citric acid lemon lemon + 1 citric acid lavender lavender + 1 citric acid clove clove + 1 citric acid tea tree tea tree + 1 citric acid pine pine + 1 citric acid 2.74 reduction from control bacterial counts that range from 1 x 10 6 to 5 x Almost all the essential oils tested showed synergistic activity with citric acid; however, cinnamon leaf oil and citronella oil showed superior synergistic activity (5.7 and 6.2 log reduction, respectively). Efficacy of the combination of citric acid with basil, cinnamon, and citronella oils against different microorganisms Basil, cinnamon, and citronella oils in combination with citric acid showed high antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA. Log reduction from control bacterial counts ranged from 4.3 to 6.5. However, only cinnamon oil showed high activity against C. albicans (4.5 and 5.4 log reduction). Citronella and basil oils exhibited log reductions of only 1 and 1.5, respectively, against C. albicans (Figure 1). Evaluation of a hand soap containing a synergistic combination of cinnamon leaf oil and citric acid The soap containing Cin-Cit was more effective against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA (log reduction ) than Soft soap TC (log reduction ) (Table 3). Table 3. Evaluation of a hand soap containing a synergistic combination of cinnamon leaf oil and citric acid. bacteria Cin-Cit soap Soft soap TC S. aureus 5.11 ± ± 0.06 P. aeruginosa 6.10 ± ± 0.12 E. coli 5.09 ± ± 0.09 MRSA 5.71 ± ± 0.16 reduction from control bacterial counts that ranges from 1 x 10 6 to 5 x 10 6 for all the bacteria tested. Results are the average of six samples in each group and are expressed as mean ± SD. Discussion The beneficial effects of essential oils in humans have been well documented [14, 15]. Also, many studies have been published on the antimicrobial, antiviral and sporicidal activities of essential oils [16-19]. However, there are reports of allergic contact dermatitis from the topical use of essential oils and their ingredients [12]. In this study we found that low concentrations of essential oils in combination with other botanicals such as fruit acids (citric and lactic acids) exhibit synergistic antimicrobial efficacy. Essential oils at concentrations as low as 0.25% to 0.5% were found to exhibit synergistic activity in combination with 1% citric acid (Tables 1 and 2) when tested against S. aureus. The activity was much higher when citric acid was combined with cinnamon, basil or citronella oil. The latter combinations were also synergistically effective against E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, and P. aeruginosa ( log reduction from control). However, only the cinnamon oil-citric acid combination was highly effective against C. albicans ( log reduction). The synergistic activity appears to result from the different modes of action of citric acid and the essential oils. The ingredients in the essential oils have been reported to disrupt the plasma membrane [20-22] with the change in ph. The synergistic effect of cinnamon oil and citric acid appears to result from the disruption of the plasma
4 120 International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics (2007) 1, Figure 1. Efficacy of combination of citric acid with essential oils against different microorganisms. Log 10 reduction from control bacterial counts* E.coli P.aeruginosa MRSA C.albicans S.aureus 0.25 basil+ 1CA 0.25 cin bark + 1CA 0.25 citronella + 1CA 0.25 cin leaf +1CA reduction from control bacterial counts that range from 1 x 10 6 to 5 x 10 6 the exception being C. albicans that ranges from 1 x 10 5 to 5 x10 5. membrane and cellular functions induced by eugenol and cinnamaldehyde contained in the cinnamon oils [23], and influenced by the ph change caused by the citric acid. Citric acid has been reported to gain entry into the bacterial cell and lower the internal ph [24]. In the second part of the study, the rapid antibacterial activity of Cin Cit-containing hand soap was evaluated and compared with that of a commercial soap containing triclosan. Cin-Cit soap exhibited superior activity against all the bacteria tested ( log reduction) compared with the commercial soap containing triclosan ( log reduction) after a 30 second exposure (Table 3). Most people wash their hands for less than 30 seconds, and therefore washing with triclosan-containing soaps may be ineffective in disinfecting the hands. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the wide use of triclosan-containing soaps and other products can promote bacteria that are resistant to triclosan, cross-resistant to antibiotics, and thus alter a person s microflora [1]. Soaps containing Cin- Cit may show better disinfectant action even with 30- second hand washes. The synergistic combination of citric acid and essential oils, especially cinnamon oil, exhibit broad spectrum disinfectant activity. Use of cinnamon oil and citric acid in combination in skin and surface cleansers may provide rapid and broad-spectrum activity with a lower risk of emergence of resistant mutants and may be used as an alternative or adjuvant to triclosan in cleansing and other topical products. References Levy SB. Antibacterial household products: Cause for concern. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(3): McMurry LM, Oethinger M, Levy SB. Triclosan targets lipid synthesis. Nature. 1998;(394): McMurry LM, Oethinger M, Levy SB. Over expression of mara, soxs or acrab produces resistance to Triclosan in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998;166: Suller MT, Russell AD. Triclosan and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000;46:11-8. Dorman HJD., Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol ;88(2), Deans SG, Ritchie G. Antibacterial properties of plant essential oils. Int J Food Microbiol. 1987;5: Ultee A., Kets EPW, Smid EJ. Mechanism of action of carvacrol on the food borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65: Karatzas AK, Kets EPW, Smid EJ, Bennik MHJ. The combined action of carvacrol and high hydrostatic pressure on Listeria monocytogenes Scott. J Appl Microbiol. 2001;90 (3): Marino M, Bersani C, Comi G. Impedance measurements to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lamiaceae and Compositae. Int J Food Microbiol. 2001;67: Conner DE. In: Davidson PM, Branen AL, editors. Antimicrobials in food. New York: Marcel Dekker; Balandrin MF, Klocke JA, Wurtele ES, Bollinger WH. Natural plant chemicals; sources of industrial and medicinal materials. Science. 1985;228: Bleasel N, Tate B, Rademaker M. Allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to essential oils. Aust J Dermatol. 2002;43: Shintre MS, Gaonkar TA, Modak SM. Efficacy of an alcohol based healthcare hand rub containing synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006;209: Silva J, Abebe W, Sousa SM, Duarte VG, Machado MI, Matos FJ. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(2-3): Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Sharif B. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(1): Garcia CC, Talarico L, Almeida N, Colombres S, Duschatzky C, Damonte EB. Virucidal activity of essential oils from aromatic plants of San Luis, Argentina. Phytother Res. 2003;17(9): Minami M, Kita M, Nakaya T, Yamamoto T, Kuriyama H, Imanishi J. The inhibitory effect of essential oils on Herpes simplex virus type-1 replication in vitro. Microbiol Immunol. 2003;47(9): Schuhmacher A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomed. 2003;10(6-7): Valero M, Salmerion MC. Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. Int J Food Microbiol. 2003;85: Helander IM, Alakomi HL, Latva KK, Mattila ST, Pol I, Smid EJ, et al. Characterization of the action of selected essential
5 oil components on Gram-negative bacteria. J of Agric Food Chem. 1998;46: Brul S, Coote P. Preservative agents in foods mode of action and microbial resistance mechanisms. Int J Food Microbiol. 1999;50:1 17. Cox SD, Mann CM, Markham JL, Bell HC, Gustafson JE., Warmington JR, et al. The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). J Appl Microbiol. 2000;88: Senanayake UM, Lee TH, Wills RBH. Volatile constituents of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). J Agric Food Chem. 1978;26(4): Luck E, Jager M. Antimicrobial food additives: characteristics, uses, effects. 2nd ed. Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1997.
S. O. Oyedemi*, A. I. Okoh, L. V. Mabinya, G. Pirochenva and A. J. Afolayan
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. (7), pp. 120-126, 6 April, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 164 5315 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The proposed
More informationNaturally derived Alcohol free Proven efficiency
Naturally derived Alcohol free Proven efficiency The issue Indirect transmission commonly occurs by touching the eyes, nose or mouth after contact with surfaces contaminated by the virus. PFP Natural is
More informationBiological Consulting Services
Biological Consulting Services of North Florida/ Inc. May 13, 2009 Aphex BioCleanse Systems, Inc. Dear Sirs, We have completed antimicrobial efficacy study on the supplied Multi-Purpose Solution. The testing
More informationAntimicrobial Effects of Vinegar. Daniel Crawford Grade 9 Central Catholic High School
Antimicrobial Effects of Vinegar Daniel Crawford Grade 9 Central Catholic High School Antibacterial Agents Humans interest in microbial growth/survivorship for over 100 years Many products/technologies
More informationSCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OILS FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF OSCIMUM AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL STRAINS
I: 1077-1085 ISSN: 2277 4998 SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OILS FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF OSCIMUM AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL STRAINS PRAJAPATHI DN, SAROJA K* AND NAROLKAR SN Ashok & Rita Patel
More informationCommercial in Confidence
Determination of Bactericidal Activity of Zwiteck Sanitizer using the European Standard Method BS EN 1276:2009 ~ Project Report Prepared for Zwiteck BV Inspiring tomorrow s professionals Determination
More informationEffect of Cold Temperature on Germicidal Efficacy of Quaternary Ammonium Compound, lodophor, and Chlorine on Listeria
Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 56, No. 12, Pages 1029-1033 (December 1993) Copyright, International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians 1029 Effect of Cold Temperature on Germicidal
More informationIn vitro study of antibacterial activity of Carissa carandas leaf extracts
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2012, 2 (1):36-40 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY In vitro study of antibacterial activity of Carissa
More informationFIT TECHNICAL DATA. Summary of Research Studies and Production Trials
FIT TECHNICAL DATA Summary of Research Studies and Production Trials Fit Efficacy vs. Bacteria Pathogens Bacteria Pathogen Staphylococcus Aureus (ATCC 8) Listeria Monocytogenes (ATCC 9) Escherichia Coli
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBS AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ABSTRACT
Research Article Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBS AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT SNEHA GOGTE*¹ AND
More informationEvaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Odor Eliminating Compounds
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Odor Eliminating Compounds Yuan Zeng, Bingyu Li, Anwar Kalalah, Sang-Jin Suh, and S.S. Ditchkoff Summary Antibiotic activity of ten commercially available odor eliminating
More informationFERTISAFE PLUS US PL AFE TIS FER
FERTISAFE PLUS FERTISAFE PLUS FERTISAFE PLUS Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Disinfectant Fertisafe Plus is a long lasting, CE marked, ready to use broad spectrum antimicrobial disinfectant. Quaternary Ammonium
More informationQuestions and Answers about
Questions and Answers about What is PRO TEX TM Alcohol-Free, Foam Hand & Skin Sanitizer? PRO TEX TM Alcohol-Free, Foam Hand & Skin Sanitizer, based on the active ingredient Benzalkonium chloride, is a
More informationThe Evaluation of Essential Oils for Antimicrobial Activity
Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Student Summer Scholars Undergraduate Research and Creative Practice Summer 2014 The Evaluation of Essential Oils for Antimicrobial Activity Dallas Rohraff
More informationONE STEP (Lemon, Mint, Pine) Detergent for Cleaning, Disinfecting and Deodorizing
SUMMARY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ONE STEP (Lemon, Mint, Pine) Detergent for Cleaning, Disinfecting and Deodorizing Description One Step is an effective economical 4 ounce per gallon disinfectant, specifically
More informationMICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE
Evans Vanodine International plc G L O B A L H Y G I E N E S O L U T I O N S SAFE ZONE PLUS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE 2 INTRODUCTION SAFE ZONE PLUS is an unperfumed liquid virucidal disinfectant. SAFE ZONE
More informationLaboratorios CONDA, S.A. Distributed by Separations
Culture Media as on Pharmacopoeia 7.3, Harmonized Method for Microbiological Examination of non sterile products -FORMULATIONS Buffered sodium chloride-peptone solution ph 7.0 Cat. Nº 1401 Potassium dihydrogen
More informationMicrobiological Quality of Non-sterile Products Culture Media for Compendial Methods
Microbiological Quality of Non-sterile Products Culture Media for Compendial Methods The life science business of Merck operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada. Culture Media for Compendial Methods
More informationA Study of antimicrobial activity of some spices
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 3 (2014) pp. 643-650 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article A Study of antimicrobial activity of some spices Bhawana Pandey*, Shabina Khan and Sheetal singh Department
More informationScreening of Antimicrobials of some Medicinal Plants by TLC Bioautography
Screening of Antimicrobials of some Medicinal Plants by TLC Bioautography Middha Himanshu 1* and Parihar Pradeep 2 1Department of Microbiology, DTM College of Biosciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 2 Lovely Professional
More informationResearch Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
ISSN: 09758585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Detection of Antimicrobial Activity of Oscimum sanctum (Tulsi) & Trigonella foenum graecum (Methi) against some selected
More informationFresh Citrus Disinfectant Cleaner
SUMMARY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Fresh Citrus Disinfectant Cleaner Description Fresh Citrus Disinfectant Cleaner is an effective economical 4 ounce per gallon disinfectant, specifically designed for hospitals,
More informationChandan Prasad.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application ISSN : , Vol. 7, Issue 9, ( Part -6) September 2017, pp.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Antibacterial properties of Unripened Fruits of Trapa natans, Annona squamosa, Ficus carica and Anthocephalus cadamba against Pathogenic Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria.
More informationAsian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Journal home page:
Research Article CODEN: AJPAD7 ISSN: 2321-0923 Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Journal home page: www.ajpamc.com FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL WASH FOR NASAL HEALTH
More informationEFFICACY TESTS (EN 1276) VIRUSOLVE + AMITY UK LTD HOSPITAL INFECTION RESEARCH LABORATORY CITY HOSPITAL NHS TRUST DUDLEY ROAD BIRMINGHAM B18 7QH
EFFICACY TESTS (EN 1276) VIRUSOLVE + AMITY UK LTD HOSPITAL INFECTION RESEARCH LABORATORY CITY HOSPITAL NHS TRUST DUDLEY ROAD BIRMINGHAM B18 7QH NOVEMBER 2002 MANUFACTURER Amity UK Ltd Friendship House
More informationPreservative Evaluation of Novel 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid Derivatives in Aluminium Hydroxide Gel USP
Sci Pharm. 2008; 76: 269 277 doi:10.3797/scipharm.0803-14 269 Österreichische Apotheker-Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H., Vienna, Austria Reproduction is permitted for non-commercial purposes. Preservative
More informationfor a germ-free environment
for a germ-free environment the universal ecological germ-killer Effectivity 99,999% not chemical not toxic effective for a routine and targeted disinfection at home, in the gastronomy and food market
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT.
International Journal of Advanced Research and Review www.ijarr.in ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT. Dr.Mayuri Thanwar 1, Dr.Dhananjay Dwivedi 2 1. Scientific Officer,
More informationNatural Sanitizing Ingredient. Product Name: MLE-T
Natural Sanitizing Ingredient Product Name: MLE-T Natural Sanitizing Ingredient (MLE-T) 1. Fast and broad anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties 2. Provides optimal cleanness yet safe for skin 3. Environmental-friendly
More information. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Antibacterial Activity of Some Essential Oils
Antibacterial Activity of Some Essential Oils Sophon Roengsumran*, Amorn Petsom*, Suthep Thaniyavarn**, Surachai Pompakakul*, and Suntree Khantahiran*. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkom
More informationCleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
This article is intended to provide managers and workers in health and community care organizations with information about the types of disinfectants available for use and how they can augment facility
More informationMICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE
Evans Vanodine International plc G L O B A L H Y G I E N E S O L U T I O N S HANDSAN MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE 2 INTRODUCTION HANDSAN is a ready to use, quick acting and highly effective, alcohol based hygienic
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August-2016 105 Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata stem extracts. S.Gurupriya 1 and Dr.L.Cathrine 2 1 M.phil
More informationAntimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multidrug resistant skin pathogens
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(16), pp. 3856-3860, 18 August, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jmpr ISSN 1996-0875 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper
More informationWhisper 7054 Foam Hand Sanitiser
Whisper 7054 Foam Hand Sanitiser Whisper 7054 Foam Hand Sanitiser is a fast drying, non-sticky foam containing unique conditioning and moisturising ingredients that leave the skin soft and refreshed with
More informationThe Effects of Shampoo on Microbial Flora. Andrew Walker Grade 9 Central Catholic High School
The Effects of Shampoo on Microbial Flora Andrew Walker Grade 9 Central Catholic High School Shampoo Hair care product used to clean hair of unwanted build up Combined soap, water, and herbs to make hair
More informationDISCLAIMER. This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to prescribe, treat, prevent, or diagnose any disease or condition.
Go Green at Home DISCLAIMER This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to prescribe, treat, prevent, or diagnose any disease or condition. First: The Bad News Fifty-three percent
More informationResearch Article. Study on antibacterial activity of some medicinally important plants
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 205, 7():2520-252 Research Article ISSN : 0975-78 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Study on antibacterial activity of some medicinally
More informationHigher plants produced hundreds to thousands of diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities (Hamburger and Hostettmann, 1991).
4. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. 4.1. Introduction Use of herbal medicines in Asia represents a long history of human interactions with the environment. Plants used for traditional medicine
More informationIn vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves and bark extracts of Ficus religiosa (Linn.)
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (IJPBR). Vol. 1 (1), March., 13 In vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves and bark extracts of Ficus religiosa (Linn.) G.Ramakrishnaiah * 1, T. Hariprasad
More informationThe effect of alcohol concentration on the growth of Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The effect of alcohol concentration on the growth of Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Matthew Andrade, Maneet Dhillon, Vineet Gupta, Vivian Lac, Noeline Rasanayagam, Shagana Visuvanathan,
More informationTopical antimicrobial agents in wound care. Professor Val Edwards-Jones Manchester Metropolitan University UK
Topical antimicrobial agents in wound care Professor Val Edwards-Jones Manchester Metropolitan University UK Antimicrobial agents Antibacterial agents Antifungal agents Antiviral agents Antiparasitic agents?others
More informationComparative study of the disinfection capacity of different floor cleaning solutions on ventilated room floor
Comparative study of the disinfection capacity of different floor cleaning solutions on ventilated room floor M. G. Sanal Kumar, S. Nandakumar, B. Bini & Arya Raj R. S. P.G. & Research Department of Zoology,
More informationAntimicrobial effects of pine essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses Biological and Agricultural Engineering 5-2015 Antimicrobial effects of pine essential
More informationEnhanced antibacterial potential of ethanolic extracts of neem leaf (Azadiracta indica A. Juss.) upon combination with bacteriocin
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 9 (2014) pp. 617-621 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Enhanced antibacterial potential of ethanolic extracts of neem leaf (Azadiracta indica A. Juss.) upon
More informationIngredients. biodegradable; derived from corn sugars biodegradable; derived from plants
Ingredients Sometimes even the safe, natural ingredients found in our cleaning products look scary or unfamiliar when called by their official names. Orange oil goes by Citrus Aurantium Dulcis sometimes,
More informationIn vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bark and Flower Extracts of Pimenta officinalis Lindl.
ADVANCES IN BIORESEARCH, Vol 1 [2] December 2010: 61-68 Society of Education, India http://www.soeagra.com ISSN 0976-4585 RESEARCH PAPER In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bark and Flower
More informationAntimicrobial Activity of Varthemia iphinoides and Majorana syriaca Essential Oils from Jordan and Their Potential Use as Natural Food Preservatives
Antimicrobial Activity of Varthemia iphinoides and Majorana syriaca Essential Oils from Jordan and Their Potential Use as Natural Food Preservatives Abstract Abdullah T. Al-fawwaz and Sohail A. Alsohaili
More informationAntimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Clove and Galangal Essential Oils and Their Principal Constituents, and Possible Application in Active Packaging
The 15 th IAPRI World Conference on Packaging Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Clove and Galangal Essential Oils and Their Principal Constituents, and Possible Application in Active Packaging Nutcha
More informationAnti-Microbial Activities of Michelia champaca L. Essential Oil
Int. J. of Life Sciences, 2015, Vol. 3(3): 232-237 ISSN: 2320-7817 eissn: 2320-964X \215 RESEARCH ARTICLE Anti-Microbial Activities of Michelia champaca L. Essential Oil Dalvi Sanjay Marotrao Department
More informationApplication of Reuterin Produced by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM to Inhibit Some Food-born Pathogens in UF-Feta-Cheese
Application of Reuterin Produced by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 to Inhibit Some Food-born Pathogens in UF-Feta-Cheese A. Mohamadi Sani, M.R. Ehsani, M. Mazaheri Assadi Department of Research & Development,
More informationIngredients. on the spot! instant stain remover pen Natural enzymes (protein) and plant derived non-ionic glucopon surfactants (alkyl glucoside).
Sometimes even the safe, natural ingredients found in our cleaning products look scary or unfamiliar when called by their official names. Orange oil goes by Citrus Aurantium Dulcis sometimes, but it s
More informationOverview. Protect Your Business Against. Poultry & Poultry Processing Industry. Unique molecular bonding technology. and viruses
Poultry & Poultry Processing Industry Protect Your Business Against Unique molecular bonding technology to protect The Rise against of harmful "Superbugs" bacteria and viruses Unique molecular bonding
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage:
Research Article CODEN: IJRPJK ISSN: 2319 9563 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage: www.ijrpns.com SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE, CUMIN
More informationEvaluation of essential oils used in aromatherapy with specific reference to antimicrobial activity
Evaluation of essential oils used in aromatherapy with specific reference to antimicrobial activity Dr. Mohd Mujeeb Faculty of Pharmacy,Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi Introduction Essential oils are the odorous
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(6):1017-1021 An efficient edible anti-bacterial aqueous
More informationLab 4. Blood Culture (Media) MIC AMAL-NORA-ALJAWHARA 1
Lab 4. Blood Culture (Media) 2018 320 MIC AMAL-NORA-ALJAWHARA 1 Blood Culture 2018 320 MIC AMAL-NORA-ALJAWHARA 2 What is a blood culture? A blood culture is a laboratory test in which blood is injected
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. K. Fisher and C.A. Phillips. Abstract
Journal of Applied Microbiology ISSN - ORIGINAL ARTICLE The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O, Listeria
More informationThe 7 Day Revolution!
The 7 Day Revolution! TM 1 Application for 7 Days Protection! Incorporating KILLS 99% Bacteria, Viruses, Yeast and Moulds including: H1N1 (Swine Flu) C. DIFF MRSA NOROVIRUS (Winter Vomiting & Diarrhoea
More information320 MBIO Microbial Diagnosis. Aljawharah F. Alabbad Noorah A. Alkubaisi 2017
320 MBIO Microbial Diagnosis Aljawharah F. Alabbad Noorah A. Alkubaisi 2017 Blood Culture What is a blood culture? A blood culture is a laboratory test in which blood is injected into bottles with culture
More informationAntimicrobial activity of some commonly used Indian Spices
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (20) 3(8) 765770 ISSN: 237706 Volume 3 Number 8 (20) pp. 765770 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antimicrobial activity of some commonly used Indian Spices H.G.Shete
More information1/ Can New Biodegradable Complexing Agents Replace Tetrasodium EDTA to Boost Preservatives? W. Siegert
1/2-2008 English Edition International Journal for Applied Science Personal Care Detergents Specialties W. Siegert Can New Biodegradable Complexing Agents Replace Tetrasodium EDTA to Boost Preservatives?
More informationSCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The method specifies the procedure for enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and mould present in cosmetic products. 2. PRINCIPLE Method for enumeration of
More informationNew York Science Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 1, 2008, ISSN Amides as antimicrobial agents.
Amides as antimicrobial agents Raymond C.Jagessar 1 *, Davendra Rampersaud 2 * 1 Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Guyana, South America 2 Microbiologist, St. Joseph Mercy hospital, Parade
More informationInfluence of Calcium Lactatecalcium. and Other Calcium Salts or Mixtures on the Fate of Salmonellae in Artificially Inoculated Orange Juice
Food Protection Trends, Vol. 30, No. 8, Pages 477 482 Copyright 2010, International Association for Food Protection 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322-2864 Influence of Calcium Lactatecalcium
More informationCHAPTER 8 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE STEM OF COSTUS IGNEUS
CHAPTER 8 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE STEM OF COSTUS IGNEUS 8.1 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are the backbone of traditional medicine and
More informationPhytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia kola
2013; 2(3): 34-38 Online at: www.phytopharmajournal.com Research Article ISSN 2230-480X JPHYTO 2013; 2(3): 34-38 2013, All rights reserved Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF AND SEED EXTRACTS OF DELONIX REGIA AND ACHYRANTHUS ASPERA AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIAL STRAINS
Int. J. Pharm. Med. & Bio. Sc. 2013 Dhanalakshmi D and Manimegalai K, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2278 5221 www.ijpmbs.com Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2013 2013 IJPMBS. All Rights Reserved ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
More informationAntimicrobial activity of Karuveppilai vadagam against Enteric pathogens
International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences ISSN: 2454-5716 P-ISJN: A4372-3064, E -ISJN: A4372-3061 www.ijcrims.com Original Research Article Volume 4, Issue 6-2018 Antimicrobial activity
More informationEnhanced microbiological safety of acidified infant formulas tested in vitro
ARTICLE Enhanced microbiological safety of acidified infant formulas tested in vitro Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland HMLJJoosten, PhD A Lardeau Objectives. To determine
More informationEvaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of ophthalmic drops according to the pharmacopeial tests criteria
DARU Vol. 17, No. 1 2009 13 Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of ophthalmic drops according to the pharmacopeial tests criteria 1 Samadi N., 2 Tarighi P., 1 Fazeli M.R., 3 Mehrgan H 1 Department
More informationInfluence of Different Prebiotics and Probiotics on Selective Intestinal Pathogens
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 10 (2014) pp. 657-663 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Influence of Different Prebiotics and Probiotics on Selective Intestinal Pathogens Anayata Sharma 1*
More informationQUAT 44 Cleaner Disinfectant Deodorizer Fungicide Mildewstat Virucide*
QUT 44 leaner Disinfectant Deodorizer Fungicide Mildewstat Virucide* is a phosphate-free disinfectant that does not contain phenol, bleach or VOs. dvantages is a phosphate-free concentrated disinfectant
More informationInternational Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety, 2012, 1(2): International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety
International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety, 2012, 1(2): 54-59 International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety Journal homepage: www.modernscientificpress.com/journals/ijfns.aspx ISSN: 2165-896X
More informationAntibiotic therapy in recent years has faced difficulties due
DOI 10. 5001/omj.2011.80 In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of three Indian Spices Against Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Shyamapada Mandal, 1 Manisha DebMandal, 2 Krishnendu Saha, 1 Nishith
More informationRifampin Resistance. Charlottesville, Virginia i0w organisms in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Apr. 1980, p. 658-662 0066-4804/80/04-0658/05$02.00/0 Vol. 17, No. 14 Treatment of Experimental Staphylococcal Infections: Effect of Rifampin Alone and in Combination
More informationSafe and Persistent Antimicrobial Performance
Safe and Persistent Antimicrobial Performance D. J Wagner II * abstract W hile microorganisms are essential and symbiotic, bacteria, fungi and viruses can also cause disease. They can be removed mechanically,
More informationEvaluation of the feasibility of the VACUETTE Urine CCM tube for microbial testing of urine samples
Evaluation of the feasibility of the VACUETTE Urine CCM tube for microbial testing of urine samples Background The VACUETTE Urine CCM tube is for the collection, transport and storage of urine samples
More informationChapter III. Effect of sorghum crude phenolic extracts on Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes
Chapter III Effect of sorghum crude phenolic extracts on Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes 46 3.1 Abstract Freeze-dried phenolic extracts obtained from defatted bran fractions
More informationTOUCAN DATA & SCIENCE INFORMATION
TOUCAN DATA & SCIENCE INFORMATION RESEARCH Centrego s Toucan ElectroChemical Activation (ECA) devices generate a powerful sanitizing and disinfecting solution containing hypochlorous acid, the same natural
More informationWorld Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering Vol:5, No:9, 2011
The Effect of Sodium Chloride and ph on the Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Essential Oils against Pathogenic and Food Spoilage Bacteria: Implications in Food Safety P. O. Angienda and D. J. Hill Abstract
More informationMohammed Al-janabi and ZainabYaseen
Pak. J. Biotechnol. Vol 15 (3) 843-848 (2018) ISSN Print: 18-1837 www.pjbt.org ISSN Online: 23-7791 ANIBACIAL ACIVIY OF CLOVS SDS OF Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamon Cinnamomum verum BAK SSNIAL OILS Mohammed
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANTI MICROBIAL STUDY OF SHUDDHA KASISA AND KASISA BHASMA
Research Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091 COMPARATIVE ANTI MICROBIAL STUDY OF SHUDDHA KASISA AND KASISA BHASMA Dr. Nisha Kumari.P. R *Dr. Dinesh Nayak J **, Dr. Sathyanarayana
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN PURELL Foodservice Surface Sanitizer
Product Description: TECHNICAL BULLETIN PURELL Foodservice Surface Sanitizer EPA-Registered PURELL Foodservice Surface Sanitizer is no-rinse food contact surface sanitizer designed to kill the most relevant
More informationConwy & Denbighshire NHS Trust. Ymddiriedolaeth GIG Siroedd Conwy a Dinbych Conwy & Denbighshire NHS Trust
Ymddiriedolaeth GIG Siroedd Conwy a Dinbych POLICY FOR ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS YELLOW 09 Policy Details: Author job title: Senior Nurse - Infection Control Dept/Working Group(s): Infection Control
More informationOPTIM. OPTIM cleaners, disinfectants and sterilants... Quick, Clean and Green!
OPTIM OPTIM cleaners, disinfectants and sterilants... Quick, Clean and Green! N E W S U P E R B U G S! R E S I S T A N T B A C T E R I A! C H A L L E N G I N G V I R U S E S! OPTIM 33TB 1MINUTE Tuberculocide,
More informationVimta Labs Ltd., Life Sciences Facility, Plot No. 5, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana
Last Amended on - Page 1 of 14 I. DRUGS & PHARMACEUTICALS 1. Biological Assays Antibiotics And Other Drugs Bulk Drugs & Their Formulations: Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Nystatin IP Appendix 9.1 2.2.10 BP
More informationInfluence of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid compounds extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) on Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Influence of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) on Human Pathogenic Bacteria Nebras M. Sahi Al-Khafaji 1, Ali Hussein Al-Marzoqi 2* (Corresponding
More informationideal chemical preservatives
Paper No.: 03 Paper Title: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Module 12: Preservation of foods by chemical methods the ideal chemical preservatives CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. An ideal antimicrobial preservative and added
More informationA Product based on accelerated and stabilized hydrogen peroxide:
A Product based on accelerated and stabilized hydrogen peroxide: Evidence for broad-spectrum germicidal activity by: Syed A. Sattar, Ph.D and V. Susan Springthorpe, M.Sc. Centre for Research in Environmental
More informationBiotronic Top3. Per4izer the breakthrough in animal growth performance. Triple action for improved performance! Naturally ahead
Biotronic Top3 Triple action for improved performance! Per4izer the breakthrough in animal growth performance Naturally ahead CHALLENGES IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION high levels of productivity high-quality products
More informationCalcium chloride produced from eggshell for vegetable washing
ISSN 1513-7805 Printed in Thailand Research Article Calcium chloride produced from eggshell for vegetable washing Vichai Domrongpokkaphan 1 * and Maneerat Khemkhao 2 1 Department of Agro-Industrial, Food
More informationEXPERIMENT. Food Safety
EXPERIMENT Food Safety Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0308 -00-01 Review the safety materials and wear goggles when working with chemicals. Read the entire exercise before you begin. Take time to organize
More informationThe 7 Day. Revolution! KILLS 99% Bacteria, Viruses, Yeast and Moulds including: C. DIFF MRSA NOROVIRUS TB E. COLI SALMONELLA.
The 7 Day TM Revolution! Incorporating 1 Application for 7 Days Protection! KILLS 99% Bacteria, Viruses, Yeast and Moulds including: C. DIFF MRSA NOROVIRUS (Winter Vomiting & Diarrhoea Bug) TB E. COLI
More informationAntimicrobial Effect of Clove and Lemongrass Oils against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus
Original Article Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012; 39 (2), 28-36 Antimicrobial Effect of Clove and Lemongrass Oils against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus
More informationSCREENING THE BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM CYPRINUS CARPIO. Iyyanuchamy, S.K and A. Periyanayagasamy*
Research Paper: Iyyanuchamy and Periyanayagasamy., 2011: Pp.6-10 SCREENING THE BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM CYPRINUS CARPIO Iyyanuchamy, K and A. Periyanayagasamy* Department of Microbiology,
More informationAntimicrobial Activity of Black Fruit Variant of Solanum nigrum L.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 2706-2713 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.303
More informationDepartment of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation
Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation Berringa bioactive honey Comparison of honey vs silver for antibacterial activity January 2012 This project was commissioned by: Peter Woodward
More informationCytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Salvia officinalis L. flowers. Mona A. M. Abd-Elmageed 1 and B. A. Hussein 2
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of officinalis L. flowers Mona A. M. Abd-Elmageed 1 and B. A. Hussein 2 Abstract: In this study a comparison of the Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of the
More information