Effect of a Naturally Derived Deflocculant (Black Myrobalan) on Rheological Behavior of Heavy Drilling Fluids
|
|
- Karin O’Neal’
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies: Volume 3. Issue 4. October 2015 Petrotex Library Archive American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies Journal Website: Effect of a Naturally Derived Deflocculant (Black Myrobalan) on Rheological Behavior of Heavy Drilling Fluids Jalal Neshat 1, Erfan Hosseini 2, Bahram Habibnia 3 1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran. 2 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran. 3 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran. Abstract: Drilling process is the most important part of exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and accomplishment of drilling a well is determined by proper choice of the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid is related either directly or indirectly to almost every drilling problem. Improvement of drilling fluid properties therefore would have direct impact on drilling process. Replacing common additives by more efficient additives is an alternative to reach this goal. Plant based additives are suitable materials which have been studying by researchers in recent years with aim of improving drilling fluid properties. In this study effect of Black Myrobalan (also called Terminalia Chebula) extract on rheological behavior of a heavy weight mud were investigated experimentally. To do this different concentrations of a Black Myrobalan solution (0.2, 0.6, 1.2, and 3 Vol %) were added to salt saturated mud and its rheological properties, filtration volume along with density and ph were measured. Furthermore effect of time aging and hot rolling at 200 F was assessed. It was observed that Black Myrobalan decreases rheology of mud and increases filtration volume without affecting mud weight at both after and before hot rolling. Among rheological parameters yield point decreased more than other parameters. Moreover, hot rolling decreased the rheological parameters of mud while time aging increased them contrarily. The optimum concentration of Black Myrobalan in order to decrease rheology of mud was 1.2 Vol %. It was also observed that ph of mud decreased by increasing Black Myrobalan concentration. summarily Black Myrobalan acted as a deflocculant at concentrations up to 1.2 Vol %. Keyword: Deflocculant, Black Myrobalan, Rheology, Aging, Hot rolling. 1. Introduction Drilling operation is the most important phase in the exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits. The success of drilling a well depends crucially on the proper choice of the drilling fluid used (Benyounes et al. 2010).The drilling fluid is related either directly or indirectly to almost every drilling problem. A properly designed drilling fluid should be able to perform some major functions to meet up with design objectives and prevent drilling problems (Annis and Smith, 1996). Functions of drilling fluid are: controlling formation pressure and maintaining wellbore stability, suspending cuttings and transporting them to surface, cooling and lubricating drill string, Transmission of hydraulic energy to tools and bit, formation evaluation, control corrosion, facilitate cementing and completion [Annis and Smith, 1996; Amoco Production Company, 1994). Drilling fluids are separated into three major classifications: pneumatic, oil based, and water based. Water based fluids are the most extensively used drilling fluids. They are generally easy to build, inexpensive to maintain, and can be formulated to overcome most drilling problems (Amoco Production Industrial And Mining Research Center Cycle Science & Industry Comopany, Tehran, Iran
2 Company, 1994). They are also believed to be more environmentally friendly than other types of drilling fluids like oil based muds. There are some reasons to improve water based muds performance, which are: Due to the detrimental effect of some mud additives such as potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, polyamine and etc. in water based mud composition, drilling and operating companies were forced to review their mud additives selection guidelines to exclude or control the use of non-environment friendly and toxic mud additives in the formulation of water-based muds, so the industry is dedicated to replace some of the low toxic, less harmful and less pure mud additives that are acceptable according to currents environmental norms (Amanullah, 2007). Another major challenge of the indigenous petroleum companies is the importation of mud additives; this has not allowed them to compete favorably with foreign counterparts (Nmegbu and Bekee, 2014). Other reasons for improving drilling performance and management is cost. Contribution of drilling mud in terms of overall cost of drilling may be between 5 % and 15% but may cost 100% of drilling problems (Amanullah, 2007). Generally, a good drilling fluid should be simple and contain a minimum number of additives which allows easier maintenance and control of properties even at elevated temperature and pressure (Nmegbu and Bekee, 2014). Yousif et al. (2011) studied the characteristic properties of lignite from Lakhra (place in Pakistan) for use as drilling mud additive. The results showed that Lakhra lignite possess characteristics to be used as mud additive. It has capability to improve plastic viscosity in all mud samples and reduced yield point and gel strength. Also Lakhra was an effective mud thinner with satisfactory mud weight tolerance. Meng et al. (2012) investigated the effect of carbon ash on the rheological properties of bentonite dispersion. They observed that rheological properties of bentonite dispersion improved markedly in YP and especially for low solid content of bentonite dispersion. Riyapan and Wannakomol (2012) studied the filtration and rheological properties of water-based mud using natural rubber latex additive which was derived from the Hevea brasiliensis tree. They found that mud containing natural rubber latex had better static filtration properties compared to base bentonite mud. Narayana (2013) investigated the use of Myrobalan in reducing viscosity of drilling mud. He realized that of all the tannin-bearing materials, Myrobolan powder brings about the greatest reduction in viscosity, the lowest value being only 6% of the original, which remained constant with larger additions of Myrobolan. He also showed that the initial effect of adding small quantities of Myrobalan was equivalent to the tannic and ellagitannic content of the Myrobalan. The major purpose of this research is to investigate effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Black Myrobalan on heavy water based drilling fluid properties and finding the role of Black Myrobalan in mud. 2. Material and Experimental methods 2.1. Materials All of additives used for preparation of mud were provided by drilling fluids laboratory of National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC). The hydroalcoholic extract of Black Myrobalan was purchased from Adonis Gol Daru pharmacy company (Tehran, Iran) Experimental Procedures Preparation of mud system To make a heavy drilling fluid these steps are followed: a. First of all 87.5 gr salt were added to 245 cc of distilled water and dissolved in water by stirring for 5 minutes. b. Soda ash is then added to extent of 1 gr. c. 14 gr green starch (potato starch) was added to mixture and stirred for 10 minutes. d. 332 gr standard barite was added to mixture (it was added slowly to prevent flocculation). e. 0.2 gr lime was added to adjust ph of mud. f. 1.5 gr xanthan gum was added to increase mud viscosity and thixotropy of mud and mixed 5 minutes. 2
3 Authors /American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies 3 (2015) g. Precalculated content of Black Myrobalan solution of 33 Vol % was added and mixed for 10 minutes Theory According to Bingham-Plastic model, the rheological parameters of mud such as AV, PV, YP (yield point) and RYP are calculated by equations 1-4: (1) (2) ( ) (3) ) (4) In which θ600 and θ300 are dial readings at 600 rpm and 300 rpm respectively (Meng et al., 2012). Figure 1. Preparation of heavy mud Measurement of Rheology and API Filtration Volume of Mud The testing of rheological properties was performed by a Fann-35A type rotating V-G meter (Figure 2a). In order to evaluate the thermal stability, the mud incorporating additives was rolled at 200 F for 4 hours using a hot rolling furnace, and then the rheological properties are also measured by a rotating V-G meter after cooling mud to 140 F. Filtration loss of mud sample was measured by using API filter press (Figure 2b) under a pressure of 100 psi for 30 min. The density of bentonite dispersion was determined by mud balancer at the room temperature. 3
4 Figure 2. (a): Fann V-G meter model 35A (b): Baroid API filter press 3. Results and discussion General properties of blank mud after preparation are given in Table 1. These properties are benchmark for evaluation of properties of mud containing Black Myrobalan. Table 1. Blank heavy mud properties Property Value Property Value Density (pcf) 115 ph 11 Plastic Viscosity (cp) 93 Water content (Vol %) 70 Yield Point (lb f /100 ft 2 ) 89 g.s 10 /10 (lb f /100 ft 2 ) 14/23.5 Chlorides (ppm) Filtrate (ml/30 min) 0.4 Mud cake thickness (1/32 nd in) A review on Black Myrobalan (Terminalia Chebula) Properties By analyzing Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Black Myrobalan in Figure 3 three major components: 1, 2, 3 benzentriol, Levenoglucosenone, and n-hexadecanoic acid were identified. These three components are responsible for special behavior of Black Myrobalan. 4
5 Figure 3. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Black Myrobalan representing frequent components. Physical properties of Black Myrobalan are plotted against its concentration and shown in Figure 4. In this figure could be observed that critical micelle concentration for this material is obviously would be about 1.1 Vol % (1.2 Wt %). Figure 4. Physical properties of Black Myrobalan 5
6 Formulation of mud used in this paper is given in Table 2. Table 2. Composition of water based mud under study (NIDC formulation) Mud Composition Concentration (lb/bbl) Function Distilled Water 245 cc Base fluid NaCl 87.5 ( ppm) Contaminant Soda Ash 1 Water hardness control Green Starch 14 Viscosifier Barite 332 Weighting agent Lime 0.2 Alkalinity control XC polymer 1.5 Rheology control Mud Composition Concentration (lb/bbl) Function Distilled Water 245 cc Base fluid NaCl 87.5 ( ppm) Contaminant Soda Ash 1 Water hardness control Green Starch 14 Viscosifier 3.2. Effect of Black Myrobalan on Rheological behavior of Mud Flow Curve Figure 5-7 show the rheological behavior of mud incorporating various concentrations of Black Myrobalan after and before hot rolling and also after 24 hours aging. As can be observed in Figure 5, addition of Black Myrobalan to mud results in much smaller shear stresses compared to blank mud, at all shear rates. Figure 6 represents that hot rolling causes shear stress decrement to decrease by increasing Black Myrobalan concentration. As demonstrated in Figure 7 aging effect is contrary to hot rolling effect and recovers the shear stress decreased due to hot rolling. 6
7 Shear Streass (lbf/100 ft 2 ) Shear Streass (lbf/100 ft 2 ) Authors /American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies 3 (2015) % 0.60% 1.20% 3% Shear rate (1/s) Figure 5. Rheogram of mud for different concentrations of Black Myrobalan BHR % 0.60% 1.20% 3% Shear rate (1/s) Figure 6. Rheological behavior of mud containing various concentrations of Black Myrobalan AHR. 7
8 Shear Streass (lbf/100 ft 2 ) Authors /American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies 3 (2015) Shear rate (1/s) 0% 0.60 % 1.20 % Figure 7. Effect of aging on rheological behavior of mud incorporating different concentrations of Black Myrobalan Average Viscosity Variation of rheological parameters of mud versus Black Myrobalan concentration after and before hot rolling and also after 24 hrs aging is demonstrated in Figures Figure 8 indicates that increasing Black Myrobalan concentration decreases average viscosity continuously, until 1.2 Vol% and becomes steady. However hot rolling makes average viscosity curve more flat. By aging mud samples for 24 hours average viscosity values are recovered fully to their original value. Figure 8. Effect of aging and hot rolling on average viscosity of mud comprising different concentrations of Black Myrobalan. 8
9 Plastic Viscosity Effect of Black Myrobalan concentration on plastic viscosity of mud after and before hot rolling, and aging is illustrated in Figure 9. It is obvious that plastic viscosity lowers slightly at low concentrations and becomes nearly constant at higher concentrations. Hot rolling decreases plastic viscosity value while aging increases it. Plastic viscosity after aging is lowe r than before hot rolling which could be due to adhesion of Black Myrobalan to suspended particles and decreasing friction between them. Figure 9. Effect of aging and hot rolling on average viscosity of mud comprising different concentrations of Black Myrobalan Yield Point Yield point is indication of attraction force between particles in mud composition. According to Figure 10, as Black Myrobalan concentration increases, yield point decreases continuously. It could be also realized that yield point of hot rolled mud sample containing low concentrations of Black Myrobalan is lower than yield point of mud at room temperature and reversely at higher concentrations. It could be found that by increasing Black Myrobalan concentration difference between yield point before and after hot rolling decreases, which is indication of increased thermal stability of mud. 9
10 Figure 10. Effect of aging and hot rolling on low shear rate yield point of mud comprising different concentrations of Black Myrobalan Low Shear Rate Yield Point Figure 11 represents variation of low shear rate yield point versus Black Myrobalan concentration. As observed in this figure, by increasing Black Myrobalan concentration to 1 vol % LSRYP initially increases then starts to decrease at higher concentrations. Hot rolling the mud at 200 F decreases LSRYP and alters the trend of LSRYP curve such that it firstly decreases at low concentrations and becomes constant at higher concentrations. Figure 11. Effect of aging and hot rolling on low shear rate low shear yiel point of mud comprising various concentrations of Black Myrobalan. 10
11 Ratio of g.s 10 /g.s 10 Ratio of 10 sec gel strength to 10 min gel strength is an indication of how fast gel structure progresses passing time. Figur e 12 shows the variation of ratio of g.s 10 /g.s 10 of mud versus Black Myrobalan concentration. According to this figure, this ratio is nearly constant at low concentrations of Black Myrobalan, however by increasing concentration it increases continuously. Hot rolling decreases the mentioned ratio at a given concentration of Black Myrobalan while aging has adverse effect. Summary of rheological parameters for mud samples along with effect of hot rolling and aging is given in Table 2. Figure 12. Effect of aging and hot rolling on ratio of gel strength gel strength of mud comprising different concentrations of Black Myrobalan API Filtration of Heavy Mud According to Figure 13 API filtration Volume of mud increases as Black Myrobalan concentration increases until 1.2 Vol % and becomes nearly constant up to 3 Vol %. Another observation is that filtration volume of mud rolled at 200 F is higher than filtration volume of mud at ambient temperature. It should be mentioned that different between filtration volume in two cases decreases to minimum value at 1.2 Vol % ph Due to existence of acid groups in its composition, Black Myrobalan addition decreases ph of mud (Figure 14), this disturbs the equilibrium of carbonate, bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide in mud Mud Weight According to Figure 15 it could be observed that effect of Black Myrobalan on mud density is insignificant. 11
12 Table 3. Rheological parameters of mud for different concentrations of Black Myrobalan. Rheological parameter B.M Conc. (Vol %) BHR AHR AA AV (cp) PV (cp) YP (lb f /100 ft 2 ) g.s 10 /g.s 10 (lb f /100 ft 2 ) 0 14/ /15 11/ /19.5 8/12 10/ /17 7/10 8/13 3 7/14 5/10 7/12 12
13 Figure 13. API filtration volume of mud after and before hot rolling. Figure 14. Effect of Black Myrobalan on ph of mud. 13
14 Figure 15. Effect of Black Myrobalan on mud weight. 4. Conclusions and recommendations 1. Black Myrobalan deflocculated heavy mud at low concentrations up to 1.2 Vol % while increases its filtration volume. In the other hand optimum concentration of Black Myrobalan to deflocculate the mud is about 1Vol % (0.6 Wt %). 2. Because of existence of acid groups in composition of Black Myrobalan, it decreases ph of mud. 3. Hot rolling decreases rheological parameters and filtration volume of mud while aging has adverse effect on these parameters. Black Myrobalan decreases variation of rheogram of mud at high temperature which is results in increasing thermal stability of mud. 4. Addition of Black Myrobalan has insignificant effect on density of mud. Acknowledgement The author would like to thank drilling fluids lab crew of National Iranian Drilling Company for their guidance and scientific supporting. 14
15 5. References [1] Benyounes, K., Mellak, A., Benchabane, A. (2010). The Effect of Carboxymethyl cellulose and Xanthan on the Rheology of Bentonite Suspension. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. Vol. 32. No [2] Annis, M. R., Smith, V. (1996). Drilling Fluids Technology. Exxon Company. U.S.A. [3] Amoco Production Company. (1994). Drilling Fluids Manual. [4] Amanullah, M. (2007). Screening and Evaluation of Some Environment-Friendly Mud Additives to Use in Water-Based Drilling Muds. SPE paper No , presented at SPE E&P Environmental and safety Conference. Texas. U.S.A March. [5] Nmegbu, C.G.J., Bekee, B.A. (2014). Evaluation of Corn Cob Cellulose and its Suitability for Drilling Mud Formulation. [6] International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. Vol. 4. No [7] Narayana, P.Y. (2013). Rotary Drilling Mud. Part I. The Effect of Tannin on the Viscosity. Journal of Indian Institute of Science. Vol. 21. No [8] Yusif, M., Khan, I.A., Khan, A.M. (2011). Characteristic Properties of Lakhra Lignite to be used as Drilling Mud Additive. [9] SPE paper No presented at SPE/PAPG Annual Technical Conference. Islamabad. Pakistan November. [10] Meng, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, F., Chu, P.K. (2012). Effects of carbon ash on rheological properties of water-based drilling fluids. [1] Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. Vol [11] Riyapan, T., Wannakomol, A. (2012). Filtration and Rheological Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Added Drilling Fluid. [12] Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology. Vol. 18. No
Use of Tannate derived from Tea Waste as Drilling Fluid Additive
Use of Tannate derived from Tea Waste as Drilling Fluid Additive Prasenjit Talukdar*, Sudarshana Kalita, Amarjit Pandey, Upasana Dutta, Rituraj Singh Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University,
More informationSPE Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers
SPE 121228 Development of High-Performance Water-Based Mud Formulation Based on Amine Derivatives Nima Gholizadeh-Doonechaly, SPE, Petroleum University of Technology; Koroush Tahmasbi, SPE, Pars Drilling
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Local Cassava Starch Flour as a Secondary Viscosifier and Fluid Loss Agent in Water Based Drilling Mud*
Performance Evaluation of Local Cassava as a Secondary Viscosifier and Fluid Loss Agent in Water Based Drilling Mud* 1 O.K. Dankwa, 2 P. Opoku Appau and 1 M. Tampuri 1 University of Mines and Technology,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ILMENITE AS A WEIGHTING MATERIAL IN OIL-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS FOR HPHT OPERATIONS. A Thesis JIE XIAO
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ILMENITE AS A WEIGHTING MATERIAL IN OIL-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS FOR HPHT OPERATIONS A Thesis by JIE XIAO Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M
More informationAADE-02-DFWM-HO-24. Copyright 2002 AADE Technical Conference
AADE-02-DFWM-HO-24 Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids: Effect of Emulsifier when Changing Synthetic and Base Oil Lirio Quintero, Dennis Clapper, and Alex McKellar, Baker Hughes INTEQ Copyright 2002 AADE Technical
More informationTHE LOW ph DESCO DEFLOCCULANT DRILLING FLUID SYSTEM
THE LOW ph DESCO DEFLOCCULANT DRILLING FLUID SYSTEM Inhibitive High Performance Drilling Mud System Introduction: When drilling in areas with reactive shales such as the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding
More informationEffectiveness of different Starches as Drilling Fluid Additives in Non Damaging Drilling Fluid
Effectiveness of different Starches as Drilling Fluid Additives in Non Damaging Drilling Fluid Prasenjit Talukdar*, Sudarshana Kalita, Amarjit Pandey, Upasana Dutta, Rituraj Singh Department of Petroleum
More informationCompletion Fluids Displacement & Cementing Spacers
Completion Fluids Displacement & Cementing Spacers AADE FLUIDS MANAGEMENT GROUP April 24 th, 2013 Ed Robinson Spacer Objectives COMPLETION FLUID CEMENTING Minimize Thick mud fluid to thin contamination
More informationORGANO-LIGNTITES AND MODIFIED LIGNITES
ORGANO-LIGNTITES AND MODIFIED LIGNITES 2 0 1 6-2 0 1 7 EVOLVING SOLUTIONS & INDUSTRY PROVEN DRILLING FLUID PRODUCTS WE INNOVATE OTHERS DUPLICATE enventives is the premiere wholesale manufacturer specializing
More informationLAB 7: POLYSACCHARIDE RHEOLOGY
Dana Shintani 11/15/11 A02 T PM LAB 7: POLYSACCHARIDE RHEOLOGY I. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this experiment is to measure the viscosity of different mixtures by using a viscometer and to gain a
More informationSynthesis and Investigation of Polyacrylamide Chromium Gel Polymer for Reducing the Water Cut in Oil Producing Wells via Polymer Flooding- Static Test
Synthesis and Investigation of Polyacrylamide Chromium Gel Polymer for Reducing the Water Cut in Oil Producing Wells via Polymer Flooding- Static Test Bahram Mokhtari *1, E-mail: bmokhtari@iooc.co.ir Hamid
More informationچهارمین کنگره مهندسی نفت ایران. Lab Investigation of Inorganic Scale Removal Using Chelating Agents and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions.
Lab Investigation of Inorganic Scale Removal Using Chelating Agents and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions Abstract One of the most important damages to the oil and gas reservoirs, are inorganic scales resulted
More informationBiodegradable polymer drilling mud prepared from guinea corn
Journal of Brewing and Distilling Vol. 3(1), pp. 6-14, February 1 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jbd DOI: 1.5897/JBD11.18 ISSN 141-197 1 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper
More informationINVESTIGATION OF ADDITIVES ON DRILLING MUD PERFORMANCE WITH TØNDER GEOTHERMAL DRILLING AS A CASE STUDY
INVESTIGATION OF ADDITIVES ON DRILLING MUD PERFORMANCE WITH TØNDER GEOTHERMAL DRILLING AS A CASE STUDY Chemical Engineering Department Aalborg University Esbjerg Master Thesis M.Sc. Oil And Gas Technology
More informationEvaluation of Corn Cob Cellulose and its Suitability for Drilling Mud Formulation
Nmegbu, C. Godwin Jacob et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 8-9, Vol., Issue ( Version 7), May, pp.-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Evaluation of Corn Cob Cellulose and its
More informationProperties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time
Properties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time P-STARCH-26 Kunruedee Sangseethong 1 and Klanarong Sriroth 2,3 1 Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit,
More informationFeasibility Study of Tannin-Lignosulfonate Drilling Fluid System for Drilling Geothermal Prospect
PROCEEDINGS, 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 12-14, 2018 SGP-TR-213 Feasibility Study of Tannin-Lignosulfonate Drilling Fluid System
More informationACUSOL DETERGENT POLYMERS
ACUSOL DETERGENT POLYMERS ACUSOL 82 Rheology Modifier and Stabilizer ACUSOL 82 is a Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble acrylic polymer Emulsion (HASE) with unusually high aqueous thickening and stabilising
More informationSECTION C2 FLUID TESTING AND PROPERTY MAINTENANCE
FORMATE TECHNICAL MANUAL C A B O T FORMATE FIELD PROCEDURES AND APPLICATIONS SECTION C2 FLUID TESTING AND PROPERTY MAINTENANCE C2.1 Fluid testing procedures...2 C2.1.1 Introduction... 2 C2.1.2 ph... 2
More informationIntroduction Weatherford. All rights reserved.
An ALS Solution to Low Pressure SAGD ASME/API/ISO Gas-Lift Workshop Presented by: Ken Hilse Prepared by: Will Hucman C.E.T. February 6, 2007 Introduction SAGD Well Parameters Hydraulic Gas Pump (HGP) Introduction
More informationInnovative Cement Spacer System for Effective Zonal Isolation in Lost Circulation Zones. Hector Castellanos, M & D Industries of Louisiana, Inc.
Hector Castellanos, M & D Industries of Louisiana, Inc. Abstract Cementing is a critical operation for the construction of onshore and offshore wells. In recent years, cementing spacer developments have
More informationField Evaluation of Pre-Job Test Protocol for Cement Pulsation
PETROLEUM SOCIETY CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGY & PETROLEUM PAPER 2002-292 Field Evaluation of Pre-Job Test Protocol for Cement Pulsation J.R. Smith Louisiana State University K.R. Newman Coiled
More informationPurity Tests for Modified Starches
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Purity Tests for Modified Starches This monograph was also published in: Compendium
More informationFLODRILL For the Drilling Industry
FLODRILL For the Drilling Industry FLODRILL For the Drilling Industry 1 Water-based mud additives Successfully completing an oil well at reasonable costs depends considerably on the properties of the drilling
More informationApplication Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN)
Application Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN) Updated December 2016 Introduction: Acid Number or Total Acid Number (TAN) is used to test the quantity of acidic components in an oil sample. This test determines
More informationRheological Performance of Polymers in Heavy Brines for Workover and Completion
AADE-14-FTCE-35 Rheological Performance of Polymers in Heavy Brines for Workover and Completion Vineet Sinha and Subhash N. Shah, Well Construction Technology Center, University of Oklahoma. Copyright
More informationSiv Howard and Zhao Anderson, Cabot Specialty Fluids; Eric van Oort, The University of Texas at Austin
AADE-17-NTCE-110 HPHT Formation Fluid Loss Control without Bridging Particles Siv Howard and Zhao Anderson, Cabot Specialty Fluids; Eric van Oort, The University of Texas at Austin Copyright 2017, AADE
More informationACUSOL 820 Rheology Modifier/Stabilizer
Technical Data Sheet Description Applications is a Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble acrylic polymer Emulsion (HASE) with unusually high aqueous thickening and stabilising efficiency. When neutralized
More informationCarboxymethylation of Icacina trichantha Oliv.Tuber Starch and Its Use as a Viscosifier and Fluid Loss Control Agent in Water Based Mud
Carboxymethylation of Icacina trichantha Oliv.Tuber Starch and Its Use as a Viscosifier and Fluid Loss Control Agent in Water Based Mud Ogunwa, K. I 1 Akaranta, O 2 Osuji, L. C 2 Achugasim, O 2* 1.World
More informationEmulsifiers Used in Designing Emulsion Based Drilling Fluids
Emulsifiers Used in Designing Emulsion Based Drilling Fluids Al-Yami AS, Wagle Vikrant*, Al Shaikh Abrar and Al-Bahrani Hussain Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Review Article Received date: 24/10/2018
More informationA Novel Sulfonated Alkyl Ester Surfactant to Reduce Oil-Water Interfacial Tensions in Wide Range Salinity with Monovalent and Divalent Ions
Modern Applied Science; Vol. 10, No. 1; 2016 ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education A Novel Sulfonated Alkyl Ester Surfactant to Reduce Oil-Water Interfacial
More informationSection C2 Fluid Testing and Property Maintenance
FORMATE FIELD PROCEDURES AND APPLICATIONS Section C2 Fluid Testing and Property Maintenance C2.1 Fluid testing procedures...2 C2.1.1 Introduction...2 C2.1.2 ph...2 C2.1.3 Density...2 C2.1.4 Solids analysis
More informationLUBRICANTS. (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS
LUBRICANTS (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS Tribology Lubricants and Lubrication Any substance introduced between two moving/sliding surfaces to reduce frictional resistance between them is known as lubricant
More informationKURARAY POVAL & EXCEVAL
Characteristics Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) having varying degree of polymerization and. Recommended Uses Ranging from emulsion polymerization aid to binder for pigments in paper applications. Form supplied
More informationChemical Aids to Carbonation Mud Settling and Filtration
Chemical Aids to Carbonation Mud Settling and Filtration SOMERS MOORE 1 In recent years, many factories have greatly increased beet slicing capacity by the introduction of continuous diffusers, and have
More informationCONSUMER AND INDUSTRIAL SPECIALTIES Water Treatment Technology ROHM AND HAAS WATER TREATMENT PRODUCT SELECTION GUIDE EUROPEAN REGION
CONSUMER AND INDUSTRIAL SPECIALTIES Water Treatment Technology ROHM AND HAAS WATER TREATMENT PRODUCT SELECTION GUIDE EUROPEAN REGION product selection guide product selection guide physical and chemical
More informationRAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS APPENDIX E SARA TITLE III LISTED CHEMICALS
RAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS APPENDIX E SARA TITLE III LISTED CHEMICALS WASTE MINIMIZATION IN THE OIL FIELD - APPENDIX E NOTES RAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS LIST OF SARA TITLE III CHEMICALS The American
More informationINTERMEDIATE 1 1 Food and Diet. These elements are present in compounds - not as free elements.
INTERMEDIATE 1 1 Food and Diet FOOD AND DIET The main elements present in the human body are: Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon These elements are present in compounds - not as free elements. Unlike plants,
More informationSelf-Guided Learning Module Handout
Self-Guided Learning Module Handout Day 1 Bell Ringer Quiz (5 minutes) Identify the following separation techniques as being suitable for separating liquid-based homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures.
More informationProduction of Low Ester (LM) Pectin 307 In this study, attempts were made to determine the experimental procedures required to prepare low ester apple
Scientia Iranica, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp 306{310 c Sharif University of Technology, July 25 Research Note Production of Low Ester (LM) Pectin by De-esterication of High Ester (HM) Apple Pectin I. Alemzadeh,
More informationOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION
Viscosity of Salad Dressing Lab Instructor s Version Developed by: Mike Evangelista, Nathan Haden, Alex Jannini, Rowan University, Department of Chemical Engineering Edited by: C. Stewart Slater and Mariano
More informationHAGEDORN AND JENSEN TO THE DETER- REDUCING SUGARS. MINATION OF LARGER QUANTITIES OF XIV. AN APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF
XIV. AN APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF HAGEDORN AND JENSEN TO THE DETER- MINATION OF LARGER QUANTITIES OF REDUCING SUGARS. By CHARLES SAMUEL HANES (Junior Scholar of the Exhibition of 1851). From the Botany
More informationResearch of vertical wells multilayer fracturing transformation technology
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2015, 6(10):114-119 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Research of vertical wells multilayer fracturing transformation
More informationExtraction and Characterization of Galactomannan from Guar Seeds
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Extraction and Characterization of Galactomannan from Guar Seeds Noureddine Abidi, PhD. noureddine.abidi@ttu.edu Managing Director and Associate Professor Fiber and Biopolymer Research
More informationDISPARLON AQH-810, AQ-633E
1/5 New rheology modifier for borne coating DISPARLON AQH-810, AQ-633E 1. Summary There are many types of rheology modifiers in the market for water borne formulations such as cellulosics, urethanes, acrylics
More informationGellan Gum. Rm.1702, West Unit, No. 41, Donghai Xi Rd, Qingdao, China Post Code:
Gellan Gum Gellan gum (E418) is a bacterial exopolysaccharide, prepared commercially by aerobic submerged fermentation from Sphingomonas elodea (previously called Pseudomonas elodea), in a manner similar
More informationIran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. Vol. 26, No.4, 2007
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. Vol. 26, No.4, 2007 Polyacrylamide Gel Polymer as Water Shut-off System: Preparation and Investigation of Physical and Chemical Properties in One of the Iranian Oil Reservoirs
More informationBIOL 305L Spring 2019 Laboratory Six
Please print Full name clearly: BIOL 305L Spring 2019 Laboratory Six Osmosis in potato and carrot samples Introduction Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage:
Research Article CODEN: IJRPJK ISSN: 2319 9563 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage: www.ijrpns.com COMPARARISSION OF SOLUBILITY IMPROVEMENT OF CEFIXIME
More informationDown-the-hole drill strings for CM 700 series
Secoroc Rock Drilling Tools Down-the-hole drill strings for CM 700 series Secoroc high quality DTH drill string equipment Atlas Copco Secoroc offers a complete DTH drill string for the CM 700 series. This
More informationRemoval of Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ in Aqueous Solutions by Sorption onto Fly Ash and Fly Ash Mixtures
Removal of Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ in Aqueous Solutions by Sorption onto Fly Ash and Fly Ash Mixtures V. Héquet 1, P. Ricou 1, I. Lecuyer 2 and P. Le Cloirec 1 1 Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Dept. Systèmes Energétiques
More informationNon-Food Uses of Polysaccharides
Non-Food Uses of Polysaccharides John Mitchell John.Mitchell@biopolymersolutions.co.uk Acknowledgements Fundamentals of Hydrocolloid Technology Course (2003-2009) Rob Winwood Colin Melia Steve Harding
More informationInstruction Manual Updated 8/27/2013 Ver. 1.1
Water Analysis Kit Part No. 144-95 Instruction Manual Updated 8/27/2013 Ver. 1.1 OFI Testing Equipment, Inc. 11302 Steeplecrest Dr. Houston, Texas 77065 U.S.A. Tele: 832.320.7300 Fax: 713.880.9886 www.ofite.com
More informationLaboratory Pesticide Formulations, Labels, and Safety
1 Laboratory Pesticide Formulations, Labels, and Safety I. Pesticide Formulations Pesticides are rarely used in their pure form (technical grade). They are processed into a usable form for direct application.
More informationFunctionalized Agricultural Packaging
Functionalized Agricultural Packaging Preedawan Duangchan a, Rathanawan Magaraphan* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Keywords : Active Packaging, Carboxymethyl cellulose,
More informationCHITOSAN PRODUCTION LINE OFFER
CHITOSAN PODUCTION LINE OFFE CHITOSAN PODUCTION - INTODUCTION is a deacetylated derivative of chitin. It is polysaccharide found in nature with an amino group, contained in the shells of Crustacea such
More information<Cover> NIKAFLOCK D-100. (Polycationic Flocculating Agent) NIPPON CARBIDE INDUSTRIES CO., INC.
NIKAFLOCK D- (Polycationic Flocculating Agent) NIPPON CARBIDE INDUSTRIES CO., INC. GENERAL INFORMATION NIKAFLOCK D- is polycationic floccuiating agent (solution type) consisting of dicyandiamide-formaldehyde
More informationSECTION A9 PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
FORMATE TECHNICAL MANUAL C A B O T CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SECTION A9 PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES A9.1 Introduction...2 A9.2 Resistivity...2 A9.2.1 Introduction...2 A9.2.2 Resistivity in single-salt
More informationCOST Action FP1405 ActInPak STSM report
Jose Martin Ramos Diaz Short Term Scientific Mission Report COST Action FP1405 ActInPak STSM report Rheological characterisation of NFC/xylan-based hydrogels crosslinked by tannic acid and examination
More informationInsects as novel food ingredient
Insects as novel food ingredient Anne Louise Dannesboe Nielsen Team manager Food technology, DTI Insects in the food chain, Turku, 29/8-2017 Agenda About DTI food technology Insect as food Insects as ingredients
More informationXanthan Gum. Regulatory Status
A hydrocolloid with outstanding properties Xanthan gum is a natural polysaccharide. It was discovered in the late fifties in the research laboratories of the US Department of Agriculture during research
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH
Practical Manual Food Chemistry and Physiology EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH Structure 4.1 Introduction Objectives 4.2 Experiment 4a: Reducing
More informationAGRANA STARCH CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS AND ADDITIVES
AGRANA STARCH CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS AND ADDITIVES AGRANA STARCH AGRANA STARCH is a wholly owned subsidiary of the AGRANA Holding AG, the holding company of the Austrian sugar and starch industry. The
More informationEUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100
Technical Information EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100 Specification and Test Methods Ph. Eur. Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:1) Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:2)
More informationDynalene Propylene Glycol Series
Dynalene Propylene Glycol Series Inhibited Propylene Glycol Heat Transfer Fluids Process Applications HVAC/R Food & beverage Solar Applications Thermal Storage Process cooling & heating Ice & snow melting
More informationS (18) doi: /j.molliq Reference: MOLLIQ 9335
Accepted Manuscript Nonionic polyol esters as thinner and lubricity enhancer for synthetic-based drilling fluids Dina Kania, Robiah Yunus, Rozita Omar, Suraya Abdul Rashid, Badrul Mohamed Jan, Niloofar
More informationLubricant Varnishing and Varnish Mitigation
Lubricant Varnishing and Varnish Mitigation M. G. Hobbs 1, P. T. Dufresne Jr. 1 1 EPT, 4772 50 th Ave. S.E. Calgary, AB, Canada. ABSTRACT Varnish is an organic residue produced by irreversible chemical
More informationFatty acid product guide
Fatty acid product guide Kraton Corporation s Sylfat and Century fatty acids are useful in a wide range of industrial applications. These fatty acids (tall oil fatty acid, monomer acid, stearic acid and
More informationStudent Practical Guide (1) Milk of Magnesia
School of Pharmacy Student Practical Guide (1b) Milk of Magnesia Facilitators Dr Mark Hewitt M.Hewitt@wlv.ac.uk Required Resources Pre-work: Read this guide Dr Rebecca Butler Rebecca.Butler@wlv.ac.uk Compulsory:
More informationFORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TELMISATAN SOLID DISPERSIONS
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 974-434 Vol.2, No.1, pp 341-347, Jan-Mar 1 FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TELMISATAN SOLID DISPERSIONS Kothawade S. N. 1 *, Kadam
More informationBRIEFING Assay + + +
BRIEFING Sodium Starch Glycolate, NF 22 page 2933 and page 3202 of PF 22(6) [Nov. Dec. 1996]. The United States Pharmacopeia is the coordinating pharmacopeia for the international harmonization of the
More informationFULL FACTORIAL DESIGN IN FORMULATION OF LAMOTRIGINE SUSPENSION USING LOCUST BEAN GUM
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 11(2), 2013, 751-760 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN IN FORMULATION OF LAMOTRIGINE SUSPENSION USING LOCUST BEAN GUM A. PRAMEELA RANI a and HEMA VEESAM
More informationShip the Chip. Food packages have four main functions besides providing food containers.
This lesson is adapted from Try Engineering www.tryengineering.org Lesson Summary: Students will learn about different types of food packaging, how they are designed, made and the three main functions.
More informationSTARCHES FOR COSMETIC INDUSTRIES CORN PO4 PH B AND RICE NS
STARCHES FOR COSMETIC INDUSTRIES CORN PO4 PH B AND RICE NS AGRANA STARCH QUALITATIVE OPTIMIZATION OF COSMETIC EMULSIONS WITH CORN PO4 PH B OR RICE NS For many years CORN PO4 PH B and RICE NS (cross-linked
More informationMost of the ethanol that is used as a biofuel in this country is produced from corn.
Chem 251 Ethanol from Corn Most of the ethanol that is used as a biofuel in this country is produced from corn. In this experiment you will make ethanol from frozen corn kernels using a process similar
More informationMASCOU FLUIDS 2017 CATALOG HIGH-GRADE QUALITY TAPPING AND CUTTING FLUIDS!
MASCOU FLUIDS 2017 CATALOG HIGH-GRADE QUALITY TAPPING AND CUTTING FLUIDS! AT THE EXCEPTION OF THE, MADE IN GERMANY MASCOU FLUIDS MASCOU-CUT SYNTHETIC EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCES! 100 % SYNTHETIC SOLUBLE CUTTING
More informationEBB 220/3 ELASTOMER & LATEX
EBB 220/3 ELASTOMER & LATEX Introduction The words rubber come from the materials from the rubber tree name Havea Brasiliensis The different between raw rubber and vulcanized rubber or elastomer: 1. Raw
More informationE17 ETHYLCELLULOSE. Revision 3 Stage 4
00-205PDG.pdf 2 E7 ETHYLCELLULOSE Revision 3 Stage 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 32 33 34 35 36 37 DEFINITION Ethylcellulose is a partly O-ethylated cellulose. It
More informationSokalan PA types. Sokalan PA 15 Sokalan PA 40. Sokalan PA 20 Sokalan PA 50. Sokalan PA 25 PN Granules Sokalan PA 80 S. Technical Information
Technical Information Sokalan PA types TI/ES 1151 e July 1992 (DFC) Supersedes TI/P 3037 e dated May 1988 Sokalan PA 13 PN Sokalan PA 30 CL Sokalan PA 15 Sokalan PA 40 Sokalan PA 20 PN Sokalan PA 40 Powder
More informationCELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE. Cellulosum microcristallinum. Cellulose, microcrystalline EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0
Cellulose, microcrystalline EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0 Phthaloyl groups (C 8 H 5 O 3 ; M r 149.1): typically 30.0 per cent to 36.0 per cent (anhydrous and acid-free substance). Dissolve 1.000 g in 50 ml
More informationIdeas for investigations: 1. Prepare slime and investigate its properties. Equipment and consumables. Making the slime
Introduction : Polymers are long molecules made up of many repeated subunits joined end-to-end. Their name comes from Greek: poly (many) and mer (parts). Polymers are found throughout nature: examples
More informationPaper No.: 13 Paper Title: Food Additives Module 2. Functional Classification of Food Additives
Paper No.: 13 Paper Title: Food Additives Module 2. Functional Classification of Food Additives 2.1 Introduction According to the Food Protection Committee of the Food and Nutrition Board, food additives
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF RICE BRAN HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC MODELLING OF XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION USING AN ISOLATED STRAIN
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 2, 2015, 285 292 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) OPTIMIZATION OF RICE BRAN HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC MODELLING OF XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION
More informationBiochemical Techniques 06 Salt Fractionation of Proteins. Biochemistry
. 1 Description of Module Subject Name Paper Name 12 Module Name/Title 2 1. Objectives Understanding the concept of protein fractionation Understanding protein fractionation with salt 2. Concept Map 3.
More informationMICROEMULSION FORMATION OF VEGETABLE OILS USING MIXED EXTENDED SURFACTANT FOR CLEANING APPLICATIONS
MICROEMULSION FORMATION OF VEGETABLE OILS USING MIXED EXTENDED SURFACTANT FOR CLEANING APPLICATIONS Siriluk Jariyawattanarat a, Chodchanok Attapong b, David A. Sabatini c, John F. Scamehorn c, Ampira Charoensaeng*,a
More informationBiopharmaceutics Dosage form factors influencing bioavailability Lec:5
Biopharmaceutics Dosage form factors influencing bioavailability Lec:5 Ali Y Ali BSc Pharmacy MSc Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences Dept. of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy University of Sulaimani 09/01/2019
More informationBIOL 347L Laboratory Three
Introduction BIOL 347L Laboratory Three Osmosis in potato and carrot samples Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration,
More informationA reliable, practical and easy-to-use Determination of Soil Conductivity and Salt Content with TRIME Probes
A reliable, practical and easy-to-use Determination of Soil Conductivity and Salt Content with TRIME Probes IMKO s TRIME TDR-probes can now report soil EC as standard simultaneously with soil moisture
More informationHECELLOSE. Total Solution Provider.
HECELLSE Total Solution Provider www.lotte-cellulose.com 04 General Properties 05 General Information 06 Nomenclature 07 Paints & Coatings 12 Joint Compounds 14 Personal Care 16 Special Applications 17
More information» Croscarmellose Sodium is a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium.
BRIEFING Croscarmellose Sodium, NF 22 page 2856 and page 702 of PF 30(2) [Mar. Apr. 2004]. A modification is made in the test for Degree of substitution to correct the endpoint color to agree with the
More informationCarbon Black Pigments for Fibers. Technical Information TI 1377
Carbon Black Pigments for Fibers Technical Information TI 1377 Orion Engineered Carbons is a leading global manufacturer of Carbon Blacks for pigment and rubber applications. ion sites and applied technology
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF NON SODIUM EFFERVESCENT TABLET OF PARACETAMOL USING ARGININE CARBONATE
IJPSR (2013), Vol. 4, Issue 5 (Research Article) Received on 17 July, 2012; received in revised form, 23 February, 2013; accepted, 14 April, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF NON SODIUM EFFERVESCENT TABLET OF PARACETAMOL
More informationNutritional information
3. Processing food 3.3 Food labels 3.3.2 Nutritional information ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS In addition to product information, labels include a host of nutritional information, in particular the product s energy
More informationTannic Acid Production. Ensymm abstract for solvent-free production of Tannic Acid from fruit peels and organic waste
Tannic Acid Production Ensymm abstract for solvent-free production of Tannic Acid from fruit peels and organic waste 1 INTRODUCTION- WHAT IS TANNIC ACID? INVERT Tannic SUGAR acid (also ABSTRACT known as
More informationPectins. Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Pectins This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food Additive Specifications.
More informationP-STARCH-15 Gelatinization and retrogradation properties of hypochlorite-oxidized cassava starch
P-STARCH-15 Gelatinization and retrogradation properties of hypochlorite-oxidized cassava starch Kunruedee Sangseethong a, Niti Termvejsayanon a and Klanarong Sriroth b,c a Cassava and Starch Technology
More informationWhite Paper. Thermometric Titration of Acid Number According to ASTM D8045
Thermometric Titration of Acid Number According to ASTM D8045 Acid number (AN) determination, a common analysis in the oil industry, is used to monitor oil degradation and acidity. It helps prevent machine
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING WATER QUALITY
TECHNICAL PAPER WATER QUALITY PLANT HEALTH FACTORS Water quality is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth, as unwanted components in water can interfere with nutrient availability and
More informationCorn/Maize Starch. Speci cations
Corn/Maize Starch Maize starch also known as Corn starch. It is extracted from the endosperm of the corn kernel and has a distinctive appearance. Maize starch in natural, modified and dextrinised forms
More informationAPPLIED CHEMISTRY SURFACE TENSION, SURFACTANTS TYPES OF SURFACTANTS & THEIR USES IN TEXTILE PROCESSING
APPLIED CHEMISTRY SURFACE TENSION, SURFACTANTS TYPES OF SURFACTANTS & THEIR USES IN TEXTILE PROCESSING Lecture No. 13 & 14 2 Surface Tension This property of liquids arises from the intermolecular forces
More information