Ethnomedicinal Perspectives of Botanicals Used by the People of Pavalamalai, Gobi, Erode District, Tamil Nadu for Curing Various Ailments

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1 Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 2017, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp Crossref: /cloud.ijahst.327 Research Article Ethnomedicinal Perspectives of Botanicals Used by the People of Pavalamalai, Gobi, Erode District, Tamil Nadu for Curing Various Ailments Premamalini P., Sharmila S. PG and Research Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Thindal, Erode , Tamil Nadu, India Publication Date: 30 November 2017 DOI: Copyright Premamalini P., Sharmila S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Pavalamalai, Erode District to document the medicinal s occurring in that area. Ethnomedicinal information was gathered by interviewing the local medicine man and elderly persons with informal interviews in order to have a thorough knowledge of s. In the present study a total of 68 species of 61 genera belonging to 32 families have been reported which are used by local people for primary health care and to cure various ailments such as diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, toothache, indigestion, worm infestations, jaundice, liver diseases, wound healing and an antidote for poison. The species are enumerated alphabetically by family followed by their local name, part used and their therapeutic values. This survey tried to make everybody being known about the natural asserts of our nature and throws light on the use of medicinal s in the treatment various diseases. The observation of present study has shown that traditional medicine plays a significant role in the life of local people. Keywords Ethnobotanical; Medicinal s; Pavalamalai; Traditional medicine 1. Introduction Nature provides a lot of knowledge about wealth. Traditionally this information has been passed from generation to generation which has being practiced by the Indigenous group of people of different areas. This group of people possesses the distinct food habits, culture, which reflects the traditional medicine. Even today, this herbal medicine is in practice to cure variety of diseases. The therapeutic efficacies of herbal medicines led to the evolution of an unorganized traditional folk medicine into the codified knowledge systems namely the Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Tibetan, these systems use hundreds of natural substances for therapeutic purpose (Posey, 1921). People of various parts of India are highly depending on medicinal therapy for meeting their health care needs. This is attracting the attention of several scientists who directing vigorous researches towards the discovery or rediscovery of several medicinal plans. Hence the present study was made to document the medicinal s used by the people of Pavalamalai, Gobi and Erode District for curing various ailments.

2 2. Materials and Methods In the present study an attempt has been made to enumerate the medicinal s distributed in Pavalamalai, Gobichettipalayam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu. It is situated at 213 meters above sea level Survey and Collection of Medicinal Plants Frequent field visits were conducted to the study area in order to assess the consumption of the indigenous medicinal s. Ethnomedicinal information was gathered by interviewing the local medicine man and elderly persons with informal interviews in order to have a thorough knowledge of s Authentication The methodology of previous workers was adopted (Jain and Goe, 2005). The collected specimens were identified by referring to standard floras (Gamble and Fischer, ; Henry et al., 1989). Further the identified species were also compared with the illustration on the Flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic (Matthew, 1982). The information s of the collected s were tabulated as binominal, family, local name, parts used and therapeutic uses. Table 1: Enumeration of Medicinal Plants in Pavala Malai Hill, Gobi, Erode District S. No Botanical Name of the Plant Abutilon indicum G. Don. Acalypha indica Achyranthes aspera Aerva lanata Juss. Albizzia amara Boiv. Allmania nodiflora () R.Br. ex Wight Habit Woody herb Family Vernacular Name Part (s) Used Malvaceae Thuthi Shrub Euphorbiaceae Kuppaimeni & Amaranthaceae Nayuruvi Amaranthaceae Sirupeelai All Parts Tree Mimosaceae Oonjapattai Tall Amaranthaceae - Bark Root Medicinal Uses Anti inflammatory, piles, skin eruptions, wounds, bronchitis Anti inflammatory, Jaundice, Skin diseases, expectorant, dysentery, Rheumatic arthritis Wound healing, dog bits, toothache, abdominal pain Diuretic, anthelmintic Inflammations, Snake bite Diabetes related problems 7. Aloe vera Liliaceae Katthazhai Andrographis paniculata Nees. Anisomeles malabarica R. Br. Acanthaceae Siriyanangai All parts Lamiaceae - Purgative, jaundice, menstrual disorders, skin diseases Snake poison, fever, skin diseases Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, Diaphoretic, rheumatic pains, dyspepsia, colic International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 68

3 Azadirachta indica Juss. Barleria prionitis Blepharis boerhaaviaefolia Pers. Boerhaavia diffusa Borreria hispida Calotropis gigantea R.Br. Cardiospermum halicacabum Cassia auriculata Cassia obtusa Roxb. Chloris barbata Sw. Cissus quadrangularis Coccinia indica W&A. Tree Meliaceae Vembu Acanthaceae Semmulli Under Acanthaceae - Nyctaginaceae Mookkarattai Rubiaceae Peezhi Shrub Asclepiadaceae Yerukku Seeds & Bark & dryflowers and Root Fruit Seeds & roots Latex Sapindaceae Mudakkattan Shrub Caesalpinaceae Aavaram Caesalpinaceae Nilavaagai Erect culm Rambling & flowers & stem Poaceae - Vitaceae Pirandai Climber Cucurbitaceae Kovai & stem Stem & root, stem & root Skin diseases, anthelmintic, rheumatism, diabetes, malarial fever & antiseptic, Jaundice, Chickenpox & Measles, Skin diseases Cough, cold & inflammation Wound healing, ulcers, nasal haemorrhage, asthma, throat inflamation, Liver and spleen disorders, dysmenorrhoea, Urinary disorder, kidney stone, Dysuria, Diseases of nervous system Asthma, jaundice, diuretic, Dyspepsia, Blood purifier, relieve muscular pain Ophthalmic, antiinflammatory for eye, antidote for scorpion bites Arthritis, Uterine disorders Rheumatic arthritis, fevers, skin diseases, poison bite Diabetes, rheumatism, conjunctivitis, constipation, liver diseases, urinary tract diseases Cures throat pain Leaf paste applied externally for fever, diarrhoea Bone breakage, appetizer. Dyspepsia, indigestion and piles. Diabetes, skin diseases and bronchitis International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 69

4 Cocculus hirsutus Diels. Coldenia procumbens Linn. Commelina benghalensis Cretaeva religiosa Forst. Cynodon dactylon Pers. Small Tree Menispermaceae - Boraginaceae - Commelinaceae Kanavazhai & Tree Capparidaceae Maavilangam Bark Erect culm Poaceae Arugampul 27. Datura metal Shrub Solanaceae Oomathai Dodonaea viscosa Eclipta alba Hassk. Enicostemma littorale Bl. Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia geniculata Ort. Euphorbia hirta Evolvulus alsinoides Shrub Sapindaceae Verrali & roots Stem & root Asteraceae Karisalankanni Gentianaceae Vellarugu Tree Euphorbiaceae Chatura Kali and stem Stem Root & latex Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae Amman patcharisi Vishnu karanthai Latex Antidiabetic, uterine disorders Antirheumatic Antiseptic, Epilepsy, eyelid infection, skin rash Urinary complaints, snake bite Diuretic, appetizer, rejuvenator and diabetes Asthma, bronchitis, leprosy Rheumatisim, skin infection, diarrhoea, antipyretic. Skin diseases and wounds Urinary diseases, gonorrhea Bronchitis, deafness, dysentery, dyspepsia, emetic, gout and rheumatisim, Constipation, skin diseases, ulcers, stomach distension and asthma Cures diarrhoea and dysentery Anthelmintic, Used to cure pimples, Bronchitis,dysentery, gonorrhoea, jaundice, pimples and digestive Problems, Tumours, antibacterial, antitode, antifungal, antimalarial, antispasmodic, diuretic, expectorant and asthma Cough and cold, relief from hiccups, epilepsy, dysentery and asthma Vermifuge Fluggea 35. Tree Euphorbiaceae Vllaipulatti leucopyrus Willd. Gomphrena Anticancer, wound 36. decumbens Amaranthaceae - healing, cures Jacq. internal sores 37. Gomphrena Amaranthaceae - Flowers Bronchial asthma: International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 70

5 globosa Indigofera tinctoria Jatropha curcas Lantana camara Leucas aspera Spr. Martynia annua Melia azadirach Merremia tridentata Hall.f. Mimosa pudica Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. Opuntia dillenii Haw. Parthenium hysterophorus Fabaceae Cheragadam Shrub Euphorbiaceae Kattamanakku & stem Seeds Shrub Verbenaceae Unnichedi Lamiaceae Thumbai Shrub Pedaliaceae Thelkodukku Tree Meliaceae Malai Vembu Convolvulaceae Savurikodi Mimosaceae Thotta surungi Tree Moringaceae Murungai Shrub Cactaceae Kalli Asteraceae - & fruits & Flowers & fruits Seeds Fruits Root All Parts acute and chronic Hair tonic, diuretic, cures skin diseases Liver detoxifier, anticancerous, diuretic, laxative, antispasmodic, epilepsy, gastritis and wounds, Purgative, anthelmintic, rheumatism, skin diseases Anti inflammatory, antiseptic, dysentery, antibacterial, antipyretic, carminative, cures respiratory system infections Cough and cold and poison bite, Chronic rheumatism, skin eruptions, snake bite, pain due to swelling Epilepsy, sore throat & inflammations Antiseptic & heart diseases. Arthritis, hemiplegia, haemorrhoids, urinary system diseases & inflammations Stomachache, piles, muscular pains Bladder stone, rubefacient, swellings, intestinal worms, indigestion, animal poisoning, Aphrodisiac, Stomach pain Asthma, whooping cough, demulcent and expectorant, Asthma, whooping cough, hepatitis, poisonous bites, fever, constipation, conjunctivitis, ulcers, diuretic, purgative and liver complaints Dysentery, promising remedy against hepatic International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 71

6 49. Pavonia odorata Willd. 50. Pavonia zeylanica Cav Pergularia extensa N.E.Br. Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees. Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn. Phyllanthus maderaspatensis 55. Pupalia leppacea Moq. 56. Randia dumetorum Lam. Malvaceae _ Plant Malvaceae Chithramutti amoebiasis, pharmacologically active against neuralgia and rheumatism, Febrifuge and emmenagogue Antipyretic & intestinal haemorrhage Eye diseases International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 72 Root Climber Asclepiadaceae Veli paruthi Acanthaceae - Euphorbiaceae Kezhanelli & roots Euphorbiaceae _ Under Amaranthaceae Tree Rubiaceae Karamul _ Flowers Fruits Antipyretic, haemorrhage, dysentery, inflammations, intestinal problems and skin diseases Gas trouble, antipyretic & liver disorders Insecticide. Antidote to snake poison, used in bone fractures and sprains antibacterial, antitussive, antipyretic & antituberculosis Liver detoxifier, anticancerous, laxative, diuretic, antioxidant, antipyretic, astringent, Jaundice, alleviates headache, petroleum ether extract of whole shows antifungal, anticancer and antispasmodic Expectorant, diaphoretic, laxative, tonic to the liver & urinary problems Anti-haemorrhage, Used against babies diarrhoea, boiled root infusion mixed with milk as child's tonic Skin diseases, Cough, skin diseases, ulcers, asthma, emetic in Ayurveda 57. Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae Chronic bronchitis

7 Sida acuta Burm. Solanum torvum Sw. Solanum trilobatum Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Tinospora cordifolia Miers. Tribulus terrestris Tridax procumbens Vernonia cinerea Less. Malvaceae Malaithangi Shrub Solanaceae Sundaikkai Climbing under Under Climbing Berries Fruit Solanaceae Thooduvalai All Parts Fabaceae Kolingi Menispermaceae Seethil Kodi All Parts Zygophyllaceae Nerungi Asteraceae Asteraceae Vettukkaya Poondu Mukuttip Poondu 66. Vitex negundo Tree Verbenaceae Nochi 67. Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Tree Apocyanaceae Vetpalai Fruits Bark & seeds Haemorrhoids and impotence Piles, asthma, tuberclosis, severe cough, chest phlegm and night blindness, Cures the enlargement of spleen Asthma, cough, cold, bronchitis & nervous disorders Antiasthmic, antispasmodic, antipyretic, anthelminthic, expectorant & joint pains Rheumatism, skin diseases, jaundice, diarrhea & fever Gonorrhoea and increase menstrual flow, Cures urinary infection, astringent, antispasmodic, narcotic, intoxicant & diuretic, Bladder stone & diabetes Treats wounds, antiseptic, eye diseases and flu, Skin diseases & elephantiasis Skin diseases, Paralysis, cold, asthma & anthelmintic. Headache, cold, vermifuge, expectorant and rheumatism, Asthma, eye diseases and rheumatism Eczema, Bilious troubles & aphrodisiac 3. Results and Discussion It is important to document the medicinal uses of traditional medicinal s across the region before such knowledge is lost. Local people have different kinds of indigenous knowledge systems to utilize local herbs. In the present study, a total of 68 s which are highly regarded in traditional medicine were collected, identified, enumerate and arranged in alphabetical order with botanical name, family name, local name (in Tamil), morphology of useful parts, their therapeutic values are depicted in International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 73

8 Table 1. The present ethnobotanical survey recorded information on 68 species, belonging to 32 families and 61 genera used to treat various ailments. Among 68 flowering s, 22 species were belonging to Polypetalae, 27 species were Gamopetalae, 15 species were Monochlamydeae and 4 species were Monocotyledons. The dicotyledons were represented by 64 species, while monocotyledons were represented by 4 species % dicotyledons and 5.88 % monocotyledons were encountered. The habits of the documented s were categorized in to 36 herbs, 14 s, 13 tree, 3 climbers and 2 grasses. Of the 68 species discussed in the present study, indigenous uses of about 67% species resembled to the earlier ethnomedicinal report (Rama Subbu and Chandra Prabha, 2009). The ethnobotanical survey provides evidence that the people of Pavalamalai generally used some s for various ailments such as stomach disorders, skin diseases, aphrodisiacs, fever, ulcer, asthma, snake bite, respiratory diseases, styptic, scald burns, strong diuretic, swelling, sperm production, syphilis, stomach ulcer, throat inflammation, tooth ache, urinary disorder, vermifuge, whooping cough, wound healing and vesicant. Similar observations were reported by (Kirtikar and Basu, 2010; Koche et al., 2008; Dey and De, 2010). Almost every parts are used for the medication either singly or in combination with other s. are used in the majority of cases followed by whole, root and bark. This is in consonance with the findings of Venkataswamy (Venkataswamy et al., 2010). Several studies reported that the leaves are the most widely used part for many ailments (Signorini et al., 2009; Kadhirvel et al., 2010). Some s contain many secondary metabolites which could have different pharmacological activities and consequently used to treat different diseases. Present study revealed that the leaves of Achyranthes aspera are used for toothache, abdominal pain, wound healing and dog bite. This is in conformity with the findings of Ahmad and Husain (Ahmad and Hussain, 2008). Andrographis paniculata is used to reduce fever, headache, and vertigo (Mia et al., 2009). This report corroborate with the findings of the present work. Datura metal is found to cure asthma, bronchitis, leprosy and toothache. This is in close agreement with the findings of Chakraborty and Bhattacharjee (Chakrabotry and Bhattacharjee, 2006). Moringa pterygosperma and Wrightia tinctoria are reported to possess aphrodisiac properties and also used in treatment of reproductive disorders. Similar findings were reported by Motlhanka and Nthoiwa (Motlhanka and Nthoiwa, 2013). 4. Conclusion This survey tried to make everybody being known about the natural asserts of our nature and throws light on the use of medicinal s in the treatment various diseases. The observation of present study has shown that traditional medicine plays a significant role in the life of local people. These information s may be used for adopting the proper healthcare measures by the policy makers and may provide a lead in the development of new drugs. So, there is urgency of recording information of s used for medicinal purpose by tribals before depletion of this traditional knowledge. The present study was very much useful for the human society for the identification of the new drugs. References Ahmad, S.S. and Hussain, S.Z Ethno medicinal survey of s from salt Range (Kallarkahar) of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 40 (3), pp Chakrabotry, M.K. and Bhattacharjee, A Some common ethnomedicinal uses of various diseases in Purulia district, West Bengal. Ind. J. Trad. Knowledge, 5(4), pp International Journal of Advanced al Science and Technology 74

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