Herbal Medicine Materia Medica 1

Transcription

1 Herbal Medicine Materia Medica 1 WHMF112 Session 6: Respiratory System Part III Immune System (Immunomodulators) Part I Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au

2 Session 6 Respiratory System Part II: Lower Respiratory Tract Inula helenium Euphorbia hirta Grindelia camporum Thymus vulgaris Immune System (Immunomodulators) Part I Echinacea spp Andrographis paniculata Scutellaria baicalensis Handroanthus inpetiginosus Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 2

3 Inula helenium Plant family: Compositae Parts used: Root Description: Expectorant and vermifuge with ability to stimulate appetite (bitters) (Weiss, 1988) Warming, pungent aromatic bitter that contains a high dose f inulin making this herb a nutritional agent (Wood, 2008) (Андрей Корзун. (2012). Inula helenium Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 from< mons/thumb/8/8f/inula_helenium_05.jpg/360px- Inula_helenium_05.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 3

4 Inula helenium Historical & Traditional Prescribing: Cough, of a teasing, persistent character, accompanied with substernal pain, and profuse secretion; atony of abdominal viscera, with engorgement and relaxation; catarrhal discharges. (Felter & Lloyd, 1898) (Luke1ace (2005). Inula helenium Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:inula_heleniu m.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 4

5 Inula helenium Cautions / Contraindications / Warnings: Known allergy to members of Compositae family (van Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pregnancy and Lactation Data: According to the BHC Inula helenium is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation, however no substantial basis has been found to support this (Bone 2003) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 5

6 Inula helenium Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Tincture 1:2 (60%) 20-40mL / week Take up to three times per day Decoction of dried root 1.5-4g / day (Bone, 2003; Fisher 2009) Qualities: dry/ acrid, warm / pungent, bitter (Wood, 2008; Thomsen & Gennat, 2009) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 6

7 Euphorbia hirta Plant family: Euphorbiaceae Parts used: Herb Description: Used for respiratory disorders that involve smooth muscle spasm. Indicated for intestinal amoebiasis. Has been found to antispasmotic properties due to the shikimic acid & choline content (Medicines Complete, 2014) (Dulal, K. (2012). Euphorbia Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu mb/1/16/euphorbia_hirta_np.jpg/320px- Euphorbia_hirta_NP.JPG) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 7

8 Euphorbia hirta Historical & Traditional Prescribing Specific Indications and Uses. Spasmodic action of respiratory muscles, with bronchial irritation. Used in spasmodic asthma, dyspnoea of cardiac disease and recommended for chronic bronchitis in old people. It promoted expectoration, allayed cough, and has given good results in emphysema (Felter & Lloyd 1898) (Bloem, M. (2009). Euphorbia hirta Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 from< umb/8/82/euphorbia_hirta1.jpg/640px- Euphorbia_h>irta1.JPG>) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 8

9 Euphorbia hirta Cautions / Contraindications Do not use in children, haemophiliacs, those with von Willebrand s disease Drug/ Herb Interactions: Additional effects: ACE inhibitors, Anticoagulants, barbiturates, cholinesterase inhibitors Reduced effects: Anticholinergics Pregnancy & Lactation Contracts & relaxes smooth muscle so is avoided (Mosby, 2010, Medicines Complete, 2014) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 9

10 Euphorbia hirta Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Powder mg/ dose Tincture1:2 (60%) 15-30mL / week Take up to three times per day Infusion mg / dose (Mosby, 2010) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 10

11 Grindelia camporum Plant family: Compositae Parts used: Aerial parts Description: Potent antimicrobial, that reduces smooth muscle spasm, thins thick mucus and aids expectoration (resins & saponins) Reduces inflammation and is a cardiac depressant (Bone 2003; Fisher, 2009) (Miwasatoshi. (2008). Grindelia camporum Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm ons/thumb/7/73/grindelia-squarrosa JPG/320px-Grindelia-squarrosa JPG) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 11

12 Grindelia camporum Historical & Traditional Prescribing Grindelia is a useful remedy in spasmodic asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, and hay fever. It is used in heart disease to slow and regulate the pulse, and has been strongly recommended in cystitis and catarrh of the urinary passages. (The British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1911) (Zell, H. (2009). Grindelia camporum Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9 /Grindelia_camporum_003.JPG/360px- Grindelia_camporum_003.JPG) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 12

13 Grindelia camporum Pregnancy and Lactation: No adverse effects are expected (Bone 2003) Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Large doses may cause renal irritation (saponins) Tincture1:2 (60%) 10-20ml / week Take up to three times per day Infusion: 2 3g infusion / dose (BHP 1983; Bone 2003; Fisher 2009,) Quality: odour balsamic, taste aromatic and bitter (Fisher 2009) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 13

14 Thymus vulgaris Plant family: Lamiaceae Parts used: Flowering top, leaf Description: Smooth muscle relaxation of bronchioles and GIT and sedative effect via GABA modulation (thymol volatile oil) Inhibits platelet aggregation, effective against microbes, fungus and worms Topically is a rubefacient (Leung, 2010) (Vicente Selvas, V.M. (2007). Thymus vulgaris Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/thumb/f/f3/brot_de_farigola2.jpg/354px- Brot_de_farigola2.JPG) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 14

15 Thymus vulgaris Historical & Traditional Prescribing Cold infusion for dyspepsia with weak & irritable stomach & as a stimulating tonic in convalescence. The warm infusion aids hysteria, dysmenorrhoea, flatulence, colic, headache & to promote perspiration. A strong infusion slightly sweetened, and mixed with gum Arabic, is a valuable remedy for whooping-cough, convulsive and catarrhal coughs, and sore throat. (Felter & Lloyd 1898) (Brisse A.H. (2007). Thymus vulgaris Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Thymus_vulgaris3.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 15

16 Thymus vulgaris Cautions / Contraindications: Thyme oil is a skin & mucous membrane irritant Thymol: toxic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, gastric pain, headache dizziness. Pregnancy & Lactation None expected if in the amount used in food (Barnes, Anderson & Phillipson, 2007) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 16

17 Thymus vulgaris Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Tincture 1:2 (60%) 15-40mL / week Take up to three times per day (Barnes, Anderson & Phillipson, 2007) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 17

18 Herbal Medicine Materia Medica 1 Immune System (Immunomodulators) Part I Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au

19 Immune System (Nucleus medical media,. (2013). Components of the immune system, Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 from < Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 19

20 Immune System (Nucleus medical media. (2013). Antibody immune system response, medical animationretrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://ebsco.smartimagebase.com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au:2048/antibodyimmune-system-response/view-item?itemid=15529) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 20

21 Immune System (DO11.10, (2006). Immunity, Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 from, Immunity.png>) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 21

22 Immune System (DO11.10, (2003). B cell activation, Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/b_cell_activation.png/640px-b_cell_activation.png) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 22

23 Immune System General Herbal Actions to Consider Immune depressants Immune modulators Immune enhancing Other systems / Organs involved include? Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 23

24 Echinacea spp. Echinacea species refers to several different plants within the genus. These include: Echinacea angustifolia Echinacea pallida Echinacea purpurea (Fisher 2009) There is much confusion about the botanical identify of Echinacea in commercial preparations and research (Blumenthal et al, 1998) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 24

25 Echinacea spp. Plant family: Asteraceae Parts used: Root and aerial parts Description: Action on infective agents (bacteria, fungus, parasites, viruses) while stimulating the non-specific immune system (macrophages & granulocytes) and T-lymphocyte activity possibly via polyacetylenes, alkylamides & essential oils (Leung, 2010) (Dy-e. (2007). Echinacea angustifolia Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:echinacea_angustifo lia.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 25

26 Echinacea spp. Description Continued: Found to reduce the collagen damage generated by reactive oxygen species (caffeoyl derivaties, polysaccharides, alkamides). Reduces the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines post viral infection. (Leung, 2010) (Lavin, M. (2010). Echinacea purpurea Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:echinacea_ purpurea_( ).jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 26

27 Echinacea spp. Historical & Traditional Prescribing To correct sepsis and malignancy in gangrene, ulcerations, carbuncles, boils, and various forms of septicaemia; foul discharges, discolouration of skin or mucous membranes, with a low form of inflammation. (Felter & Lloyd, 1898) (Ernie. (2009). Echinacea angustifolia Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:echinacea _angustifolia_-_01aug2009_-_01.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 27

28 Echinacea spp. Cautions / Contraindications: Allergy to the Asteraceae family. Linked to acute asthma, rash/ urticaria and anaphylaxis (Leung, 2010) Pregnancy and Lactation Data: No adverse effects are expected (Epibase. (2009). Echinacea purpurea Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:echinacea_purpurea_merlot1ume.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 28

29 Echinacea spp. Drug/ Herb Interactions: May inhibit cytochrome P4503A4 enzymes Immunomodulator drugs (decreased effects)he drugs. Should not be used immediately before, during, or after transplant surgery Taste: acrid, sweet and warm to the 2 nd degree (Mosby, 2010) (Thomsen, 2009) Odour: mildly aromatic taste, sweet becoming bitter and causing a tingling sensation on the tongue (Fisher 2009) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 29

30 Echinacea spp. Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Succus: 6-9ml / day Fresh expressed juice Tincture 1:2 (60%) Echinacea purpurea Echinacea angustifolia 20-40ml/week Take 3-6 times per day dependent on dose size & acute / chronic management Dried herb 1 g/day (BHP, 1983; Blumenthal et al., 1998; Bone, 2003; Fisher, 2009) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 30

31 Andrographis paniculata Plant family: Acanthaceae Parts used: Aerial parts Description: Prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, immunostimulant antigen-specific & non-specific immunity), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. Bitter taste with liver protective properties (Bone, 2003; Davis, 2011) (Garg, J.M. (2008). Andrographis paniculata Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 from< aphis_paniculata_(kalpa)_in_narshapur_forest,_ap_ W2_IMG_0867.jpg> Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 31

32 Andrographis paniculata Historical & Traditional Prescribing Properties of the pure bitters, probably do not differ from those of the other members of the family of Gentianaceae. Overdoses nauseate and oppresses the stomach. Tonic properties: influences the liver, promotes bile secretion; restoring healthy evacuations in cases of habitual costiveness. Used in dyspepsia, and in the debility of convalescence (Remington & Wood 1919) (Zell, H. (2009). Andrographis paniculata Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Andrographis_paniculata_002.JPG >) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 32

33 Andrographis paniculata Cautions / Contraindications / Warnings: Hypersensitivity reaction (Davis, 2011) Suspend use 1 week before major surgery (Braun & Cohen, 2010) Pregnancy and Lactation Data: Anti-fertility effect (animal trials at high dose) do not use in those trying to conceive or pregnancy (especially first trimester) (Bone 2003; Davis, 2011) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 33

34 Andrographis paniculata Drug / Herb Interactions: Additive effects: Anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antihypertensive medication Reduced action: Immunosuppressant drugs in combination with long-term use of herb (Bone & Mills, 2013) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 34

35 Andrographis paniculata Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Tincture 1:2 (45%) Dried herb 20-40mL/week 5 g of herb in cup of hot water, stand for 10 minutes High doses may cause gastric discomfort, anorexia, emesis, but generally, very few side effects occur Take 3-6 times per day dependent on dose size & acute / chronic management Take before meals to aid dyspepsia (Bone 2003; Braun & Cohen 2010) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 35

36 Scutellaria baicalensis Plant family: Lamiaceae Parts used: Root Description: Decreases IL-1 and prostaglandin synthesis (Mosby, 2010) Supports DNA repair, inhibits viral replication, lipid peroxidation & platelet aggregation, blocks mast cell histamine. Stimulates haematopoiesis, appropriate apoptosis and glomerular filtration (Mensies-Trull, 2013) (Ghislain118,. (2005). Scutellaria baicalensis Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Scutellaria_baicalensis_3.JPG) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 36

37 Scutellaria baicalensis Historical & Traditional Prescribing TCM herb used to clear heat & damp. Heat-associated symptoms include fever, irritability, thirst, cough, expectoration of thick, yellow sputum. Damp-associated symptoms include diarrhoea, heavy sensation in chest, painful urination. (Bensky & Gamble 1986) (Doronenko. (2007). Scutellaria baicalensis Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:scu tellaria_baicalensis_flowers.jpg Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 37

38 Scutellaria baicalensis Herb/Drug Interactions: May inhibit CYP450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1). Theoretical with no current adverse reactions reported. Additive effect: increased bleeding times if combined with warfarin/anticoagulants. Don t use. (Braun & Cohen 2014) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 38

39 Scutellaria baicalensis Pregnancy and Lactation Data: No adverse reactions expected (Bone 2003) Traditional usage in pregnancy. May inhibit maternal-foetal interface immunity reducing the chance of spontaneous abortion in some instances. Safety in pregnancy is still unknown. Side effects / Adverse Events: (Braun & Cohen, 2014) None expected if taken within the recommended dosage range. Very low toxicity. (Leung, 2010) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 39

40 Scutellaria baicalensis Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Tincture 1:2 (60%) Dried herb 30-60mL/ week 6-15 g/day Acute conditions effects should be noted within a few days, while for chronic diseases long-term use is recommended. Take up to three times per day (Braun & Cohen, 2014; Menzies-Trull, 2013) Taste: bitter and cold (Thomsen & Gennat, 2009) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 40

41 Handroanthus inpetiginosus Plant family: Bignoniaceae Previously known as: Tabebuia avellanedae Parts used: Bark Description: Maintains a healthy immune system and is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Anti-inflammatory, astringent, decongestant. (Menzies-Trull, 2013) (Star, F. & Star, K. (2007). Tabebuia impetiginosa Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:starr_ _Tabebuia_impetiginosa.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 41

42 Handroanthus inpetiginosus Historical & Traditional Prescribing Used by the Incas & Brazilian Indians to treat eczema, psoriasis, fungal infections & skin cancers. The inner bark was used for dysentery, fever, sore throat, wounds & carcinoma. (Evans Shultz & Raffauf 1990) (Halleypo. (2011). Handroanthus impetiginosus Retrieved 20 th April, /2014 fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:ipe_rosa_tabeb uia_avellanedae_parque_flamengo.jpg) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 42

43 Handroanthus inpetiginosus Cautions / Herb - Drug Interactions: Additive effect with anticoagulants due to napthaquinones (lapachol) Pregnancy and Lactation: Caution in pregnancy resulting from possible abortive and teratogenic actions of napthaquinones (lapachol) (Bone, 2003; Brinker 2010) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 43

44 Handroanthus inpetiginosus Preparation Adult ml/g Dosage directions & considerations Oral Adverse reactions have been recorded during clinical trails using lapachol but no evidence has been found to suggest Pau d arco would cause similar effects. Tincture 1:2 (45%) 20-50mL/wk Take up to three times per day Dried inner bark 1.5gm/ dose (Bone 2003; Menzies-Trull, 2013) Taste: Bitter and cold (Thomsen & Gennat, 2009) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 44

45 References (2010). Echinacea. In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in food, drugs and cosmetics, Wiley, Hoboken, USA. Retrieved 11 July 2014, Credo Reference (2010). Echinacea. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements, Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences, Retrieved11 July 2014 from Credo Reference (2010) Skullcap, baikal (huangqin). In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in food, drugs and cosmetics, Wiley, Hoboken, USA. Retrieved 11 July 2014 from Credo Reference (2010) Skullcap. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements, Elsevier Health Sciences Bensky, D. & Gamble, A. (1986). A Chinese Herbal Materia Medica, Seattle USA. Eastland press. Blumenthal, M. (1998). Herbal medicine : The complete German commission E monographs. Newton, Massachusetts USA: Integrative Medicine Communications. Blumenthal, M. (1998). Herbal medicine : The complete German commission E monographs. Newton, Massachusetts USA: Integrative Medicine Communications. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 45

46 References Bone, K., & Mills, S. (2013). Principles and practice of phytotherapy (2 nd ed.). New York, USA. Churchill Livingston Elsevier. Bone, K. (2003). A clinical guide to blending liquid herbs: Herbal formulations for the individual patient. St. Louis, Missouri. Churchill Livingston. Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs and natural supplements: An evidence based approach, vol. 2 (4 th ed.). Chatswood, NSW. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs and natural supplements: An evidence based approach (3 rd ed.). Chatswood, NSW. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Brinker, F. (2010). Herbal contraindications and drug interactions plus herbal adjuncts with medicines (2 nd ed.). Sandy, Oregon. Eclectic Medical Publications. British Herbal Medicine Association British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. (1983). Bournemouth UK. British Herbal Medicine Association (2010). Thyme. In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in food, drugs and cosmetics, Hoboken, USA. Wiley. Retrieved 11 July 2014 from Credo Reference Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 46

47 References (2010). Pill-bearing spurge. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements, Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved 11 July 2014 from Credo Reference ESCOP Monographs. (2nd ed.). (2003). European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy: Exeter UK. Evans Shultz, R. & Raffauf, R.F. (1990). The Healing Forest: Medicinal and Toxic plants of The Northwest Amazonia, Portland. USA. Dioscorides Press. Felter, H.W., & Lloyd, J.U. (1989). King's American Dispensatory, Retrieved 20 th February, 2015 fromhttp:// Fisher, C. (2009). Materia medica of western herbs. Nelson, New Zealand. Vitex Medic. Menzies-Trull, C. (2013). Herbal medicine: Keys to physiomedicalism including pharmacopoeia, (2 nd ed.). London, England. Faculty of Physiomedical Herbal Medicine. Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2000). Principles and practice of phytotherapy. London UK. Churchill Livingston. Thomsen, M., & Gennat, H. (2009). Phytotherapy desk reference. Global Natural Medicine Pty Ltd l. Retrieved 20 th February, 2015 from Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 47

48 Tutorial Session 6

49 Tutorial (Realtime video, asthma triggers in childhood, Retrieved 17 th July, 2015 from < Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 49

50 Tutorial Layla: 42 years old, 178cm (height) 77kg (weight) BP 140/90, HR 86 BPM Presenting Complaint: chronic sinusitis for 10 years: Presents every three months, lasts for 4-6 weeks. Begins with cold-like symptoms (runny nose, clear mucus) and watery eyes. Lasts for 1 week. In this time has trouble getting off to sleep, and wakes very tired. Mucus turns yellow & sticky & is hard to blow out. Sinuses & ears become sore & dull ache. Lasts for about 4 weeks. Recurrence 4-5 x year. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 50

51 Tutorial Presenting complaint Sore & inflamed throat. This occurs 1-2 days prior to the chronic sinus bout. If the throat symptoms get better then Layla does not get a bout of sinusitis. Past Medical History Has a history of asthma as a child began around 3 years old, still occurs Triggers: cold weather, dust, pollen, exercise, sinus infection Tonsils removed when she was 8 years old Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 51

52 Tutorial Immune System Has contact dermatitis, which is irritated by the chemicals at her work (cleaner). Positive skin prick test to dust mite, grasses Nervous System Her work life is highly stressed When sick feels uptight and irritated Headaches (face & forehead) with sinusitis, better during a shower, hot compress. Worse cold air. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 52

53 Tutorial Break into groups (three per group) or individually Within your groups / individuals identify the important areas of Layla s health: considering the underlying causes when each of these started what the symptoms are now what makes these better or worse Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 53

54 Tutorial Based on this information create short term & long term treatment goals considering the system/ symptom that you are working on what you are going to do action / s what the body will do then the expected outcome (specific herbal action) Example: work on the nervous system by using a hypnotic herb to increase the body s production of GABA to improve the client s ability to fall asleep. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 54

55 Tutorial Once the treatment goals have been generated create a list of herbs that fit the actions identified within each goal From this list pick the herbs that best suit the case & then generate a herbal prescription (type of herbal delivery: tablets, decoctions, tinctures) including amounts per dose, required doses per week and the specific directions that suit your client Class discuss their findings to the group Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 55

56 Recommended Readings Fisher, C. (2009). Materia Medica of Western Herbs. Nelson. New Zealand. Vitex Medica. Inula helenium p Euphorbia hirta p Grindelia camporum p Thymus vulgaris p Viola odorata p Echinacea spp p Scutellaria baicalensis p Handroanthus impetiginosus/ Tabebuia avallanedae p Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 56

57 Recommended Readings Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs and natural supplements: An evidence based approach, vol. 2 (4 th ed.). Chatswood, NSW. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Andrographis p Baical skullcap p Echinacea p Thyme p Hechtman, L., Harris, K., & Bridgman, K. (2011). The Immune system. In L. Hechtman, Clinical Naturopathic Medicine Churchill Livingstone Elsevier pp , , Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 57

58 Recommended Readings American Botanical Society. (2013). Expanded Commission E Online Thymus vulgaris World Health Organisation. (1999). WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants Volume 1. Vol. 2. Geneva Switzerland, World Health Organisation. Monograph on Echinacea angustifolia Monograph on Thymus vulgaris Monograph on Echinacea purpurea Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 58

59 Recommended Readings World Health Organisation. (2002). WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants Volume 2. Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organisation. Monograph on Andrographis Monograph on Echinacea by Alternative Medicine Review 2001 Thorne Research Vol 6 No 4 pp Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 59

60 Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 60