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Egbert Freeman
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4 w5 >? 4 4, 5.() 4! -," SI " + e 4!>., B!m" +, 48# $ RN " #+ c h! _ 4 g K,! -+ J { 4 *g c 8\., " - % #/ 4 *g c.+ +!% + U#! $ RN! [" % _L >? Z g?l 4!r+% " GH5 SI D + _L >? -"k 5>? " 5x8 >? CD - B^#.g.!\ _L H5 '&() * :%"u\ 4 CD W +5 K#"4.6+ 8J#t# - & - >? 4!r+% 48 %+ " ) Z SI e 3'". dal >? -!.6"V # 6 4 /+% " N * >? C #+ >? 4, 5 8 / " # K(, 8 ($)!+ - W V & D 8 >? T>?. $ CD K+, V $"V # >? D (7) /+% " $ >? 5. $ w5 SI D + [" - >? _ ". >?.!> k% 6 Z g - CD.5 [V #+," w5 SI " + e 4 + f\ # 75 + f\ $ 3 - References. Wells M. Continence following childbirth. Br J Nurs 996; 5(6): 353-4, 356, 358, passim.. Umlauf MG, Mathis JA. Urinary incontinence among primiparous women. Urol Nurs 995; 5(4): MacLennan AH, Taylor AW, Wilson DH, Wilson D. The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery. BJOG 000; 07(): Rortveit G, Hannestad YS, Daltveit AK, Hunskaar S. Age- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Obstet Gynecol 00; 98(6): Boyles SH, Li H, Mori T, Osterweil P, Guise JM. Effect of mode of delivery on the incidence of urinary incontinence in primiparous women. Obstet Gynecol 009; 3(): Persson J, Wolner-Hanssen P, Rydhstroem H. Obstetric risk factors for stress urinary incontinence: a population-based study. Obstet Gynecol 000; 96(3): Mikhail MS, Anyaegbunam A. Lower urinary tract dysfunction in pregnancy: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 995; 50(9): Westerman M. Population cytology of the genus Phaulacridium. Heredity (Edinb ) 975; 34(): Hojberg KE, Salvig JD, Winslow NA, Lose G, Secher NJ. Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at 6 weeks of gestation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 999; 06(8): Glazener CM, Herbison GP, MacArthur C, Lancashire R, McGee MA, Grant AM, et al. New postnatal urinary incontinence: obstetric and other risk factors in primiparae. BJOG 006; 3(): Wilson PD, Herbison RM, Herbison GP. Obstetric practice and the prevalence of urinary incontinence three months after delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 996; 03(): 54-6.

5 . Song YF, Zhang WJ, Song J, Xu B. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Fuzhou Chinese women. Chin Med J (Engl ) 005; 8(): Tincello DG, Adams EJ, Richmond DH. Antenatal screening for postpartum urinary incontinence in nulliparous women: A pilot study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 00; 0(): Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S. Vaginal delivery parameters and urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 003; 89(5): Fritel X, Ringa V, Varnoux N, Fauconnier A, Piault S, Breart G. Mode of delivery and severe stress incontinence. a cross-sectional study among,65 perimenopausal women. BJOG 005; (): Afrakhteh M, Sattari Sh, Velaeu N. The relationship between vaginal delivery and urinary stress incontinence. Pejouhandeh 00; 6(3): [In Persian]. 7. Kashanizadeh N, Lalouei A, Javadipour M. Urinary stress incontinence: frequency and risk factors four months after delivery. Kowsar Med J 007; (): 8-7. [In Persian]. 8. Chaliha C, Kalia V, Stanton SL, Monga A, Sultan AH. Antenatal prediction of postpartum urinary and fecal incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 999; 94(5 Pt ): Farrell SA, Allen VM, Baskett TF. Parturition and urinary incontinence in primiparas. Obstet Gynecol. 00; 97(3): Eftekhar T, Ghazizadeh Sh, Haji Baratali B, Shahir A, Roostaei N. The relationship between urinary stress incontinence after delivery and mode of delivery in primiparous women. Daneshvar Med 006: 3(64); 7-4. [In Persian].. Behdani R, Rezaei A. The frequency of urinary stress incontinence after delivery in primiparous women and the related factors. Tehran Univ Med J 00; 59(5): 3-8. [In Persian].

6 Journal of Isfahan Medical School Received: Vol. 3, No. 7, st Week, May 03 Accepted: Abstract Effects of Type of Delivery on Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primiparous Mothers Minoo Movahedi MD, Mohsen Saidi, Mojtaba Akbari MSc 3, Mojdeh Ghasemi 4 Original Article Background: Stress urinary incontinence, the most common urinary incontinence in women, occurs when the intra-abdominal pressure increases. Although many studies have introduced normal vaginal delivery as a risk factor for future stress urinary incontinence and considered cesarean as a preventive method, others have raised controversy about such a predictive effect. This study evaluated the frequency of stress urinary incontinence in primiparous mothers giving birth in Shahid Beheshti Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) to understand the effects of type of delivery on developing the condition. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 women in three groups of normal vaginal delivery, elective cesarean, and emergency cesarean. The subjects had given birth in Shahid Beheshti Hospital within six months prior to the study. Stress urinary incontinence was assessed with the Bonney test. Findings: The overall frequency of stress urinary incontinence was 5.6%. It was 6.0%, 4.0%, and 7.0% among women with normal vaginal delivery, elective cesarean, and emergency cesarean, respectively (P = 0.4). Conclusion: No significant relation was observed between the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and type of delivery. Keywords: Stress urinary incontinence, Normal vaginal delivery, Cesarean Citation: Movahedi M, Saidi M, Akbari M, Ghasemi M. Effects of Type of Delivery on Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primiparous Mothers. J Isfahan Med Sch 03; 3(7): 8-3 * This paper is derived from a medical doctorate thesis in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. - Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran - Student of Medicine, School of Medicine AND Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3- Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4- Midwife, Research Office, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Corresponding Author: Mohsen Saidi, bestmohsen0@gmail.com 3

Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery or Cesarean Section

Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery or Cesarean Section The new england journal of medicine original article Urinary after Vaginal Delivery or Cesarean Section Guri Rortveit, M.D., Anne Kjersti Daltveit, Ph.D., Yngvild S. Hannestad, M.D., and Steinar Hunskaar,