: LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) [1, 2],, [3]., Lymantria dispar (L.)

Transcription

1 : ,, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.),,. Gypsy moth, nucleopolyhedrovirus, vertical transmission.. [1, 2],, [3]., (, - -, ), -. Lymantria dispar (L.) ( ):. - [1, 4 6], -., Spodoptera ornitogalli (Guenée),, [1]. Bombyx mori (L.) 100 % [5].,, - (50 % ) -..,,,,, -, [7, 8]. (~10 %) -., - 27

2 ,,.. -, , [9]. Betula pendula Roth. - -, 0, , , 15. «-», , -,,. - F 1, IV, ( ), - (45 C 30 ). F 2. -,. -, -.,, , ,25 % NaOH, -. Eppendorff (, ) -. - Ld130 20, 10 PyroStart TM 28

3 Fast PCR Master Mix (2X) («Fermentas», ); 0,1 27,5 %. -, - GenBank NC_ : : 5' CGGGCATCATCCGCGGCC 3' ( ) : 5' CGCCCTCCAGCTCCGCGC 3' ( ). «DNA Engine Dyad Peltier Thermal Cycler» («BIO-RAD», ) : 30 94, ; ± 2 %. - -,,. - F 1 F 2, (P < 0,01). - (. )., (%) ( ) F 1 6,0 ± 1,5 b 1,5 ± 0,4 a 0,0 a F 2 4,5 ± 0,9 b 0,0 a., P = 0,01., -,, ± 4 %,. - [10 12], - -,,. F 1 F 2, -, 92 ± 7 % 78 ± 5 % ; 29

4 , -. - F 1, -., LD 130 ( F 1 ) 1 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ( λ).. (Kukan) [1] - -.,. -,,. - ;. 9 11, - 0,5 % Chrysodeixis includens Walker ( Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)), 57,1 % Mythimra separate (Walker).,.,, [1]. -. (Murray, Elkinton) [13], - II, 2 %. -, -. (Shapiro, Robertson) [14] -, - 4,7 11,5 %.,,

5 % [6].,,,., -, [14]., -,, -., -.,,., -,., - -, [3]..,, ( )., - F 1 F 2,, (,..),.. (,. ) -. : , Kukan, B. Vertical transmission of nucleopolyhedrovirus in insects [Text] / B. Kukan // J. Invertebr. Pathol Vol. 74. P Ilyinykh, A. Analysis of the causes of declines in Western Siberian outbreaks of the nun moth, Lymantria monacha [Text] / A. Ilyinykh // BioControl Vol. 56. P ,.. [ ] / A.B.,.. - // Fuxa, J.R. Vertical transmission of TnSNPV, TnCPV, AcMNPV, and possibly recombinant NPV in Trichplusia ni [Text] / J.R. Fuxa, A.R. Richter, A.O. Ameen, B.D. Hammock // J. Invertebr. Pathol Vol. 79. P

6 5. Khurad, A.M. Vertical transmission of nucleopolyhedroviru in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. [Text] / A.M. Khurad, A. Mahulikar, M.K. Rathod, M.M. Rai, S. Kanginakudru, J. Nagaraju // J. Invertebr. Pathol Vol. 87. P Myers, J. Syblethal nucleopolyhedrovirus infection effects on female pupal weight, egg mass size, and vertical transmission in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) [Text] / J. Myers, H.R. Malakar, J.S. Cory // Environ. Entomol Vol. 29. P ,.. (Lymantria dispar L.) [ ] /..,.. - // ,.. [ ] /..,..,... :, Ilyinykh, A.V. Exploration into a mechanism of transgenerational transmission of nucleopolyhedrovirus in Lymantria dispar L. in Western Siberia [Text] / A.B. Ilyinykh, M.V. Shternshis, S.V. Kuzminov // BioControl Vol. 49. P Burden, J.P. Covert infections as a mechanism for long-term persistence of baculoviruses [Text] / J.P. Burden, C.P. Nixon, A.E. Hodgkinson, R.D. Rossee, S.M. Sait, L.A. King, R.S. Hails // Ecol. Letters Vol. 6. P Cooper, D. Myers Nucleopolyhedroviruses of forest and western tent caterpillars: cross-infectivity and evidence for activation of latent virus in high-density field populations [Text] / D. Cooper, J.S. Cory, D.A. Theilmann, J.H. // Ecol. Entomol Vol. 28. P Eastwell, K.C. Charakterisation of Cydia pomonella granulovirus from codling moths in a laboratory colony and in orchards of British Columbia [Text] / K.C. Eastwell, J.E. Cossentine, M.G. Bernardy // Ann. App. Biol Vol P Murray, K.D. Environmental contamination of egg masses as a major component of transgenerational transmission of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) [Text] / K.D. Murray, J.S. Elkinton // J. Invertebr. Pathol Vol. 53. P Shapiro, M. Yield and activity of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus recovered from survivors of viral challenge [Text] / M. Shapiro, J.L. Robertson // J. Econ. Entomol Vol. 80. P ,,., - (, - ), ( ) (12 %) -., IV,.,,. 32

7 .,, F 1 F 2 6 ± 1,5 4,5 ± 0,9 % -.. F 1 F 2-92 ± 7 78 ± 5 %.. -.,, -. -,,.,.., - -, ( )., -,, -. * * * Introduction. Insect viruses can play an important role in population dynamics and possibly in maintenance of genetic polymorphism of their hosts. That is why the problem of how permanent viral infection is supported among virus-positive individuals (in particular, in forest phyllophagous insects) refers to one of the intriguing problems of general biology and forest entomology. Materials and methods. Under laboratory conditions, modeling of the vertical transmission of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) in gypsy moth was realized at a relatively low level of mortality among individuals of the parental generation (12 %) and manifestation of induced polyhedrosis was studied in two generations of insects. For activation of occult virus, larvae were reared starting from IV instar under food limiting conditions. Diagnostics of occult virus was executed by PCR method in insects before their infection under laboratory conditions, as well as in individuals, which survived the inoculation. Results. NPV-caused mortality among individuals, which survived the infection, in generations F 1 and F 2 was 6 ± 1,5 and 4,5 ± 0,9 % respectively. In the control group, NPV-caused mortality was not recorded in all occasions. The incidence of virus-positive individuals among gypsy moth embryos in generations F 1 and F 2 was 92 ± 7 and 78 ± 5 %, respectively. Discussion. The incidence of virus-positive individuals among gypsy moth embryos in generations F 1 and F 2 was higher than NPV-caused mortality of insects. Thus, the obtained results show that presence of virus among insect does not mean fast and inevitable mortality of their hosts. Perhaps, viral DNA can completely or partly lose its infectivity but still might be revealed in analyzed insect samples. Besides, development of infection and disease could be interrupted by the control mechanisms of virus replication. Conclusions. Viral infection can be formed among progeny of insects that have survived at comparatively low death rate from polyhedrosis in the parental generation, and it can be activated during two generations (period of observation in this experiment). The incidence of virus-positive individuals among gypsy moth embryos determined by the PCR method in the daughters generations was higher than NPV-caused mortality of insects. 33