UMass Amherst July 2013

Transcription

1 Identification resources for Tortricidae Taxonomic Workshop for Early Detection of Important Tortricidae and Other Lepidopteran Agricultural and Silvicultural Pests UMass Amherst July 2013 Todd M. Gilligan, Ph.D. Colorado State University Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management 1177 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, Colorado USA / tgilliga@rams.colostate.edu

2 General Lepidoptera Common, I. F. B Moths of Australia. Melbourne University Press. 353 pp. Grimaldi, D. & M. S. Engel Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press. 755 pp. Kristensen, N. P. (ed.) Handbook of Zoology: Vol. 4. Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 35, Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies. Vol. 1. Evolution, systematics, and biogeography. W. de Gruyter, Berlin. 491 pp. Kristensen, N. P. (ed.) Handbook of Zoology: Vol. 4. Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 36, Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies. Vol. 2. Morphology, physiology, and development. W. de Gruyter, Berlin. 564 pp. Scoble, M. J The Lepidoptera: form function and diversity. Oxford University Press. 404 pp. Stehr, F. W Immature insects, Volume I. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. 754 pp. Zhang, B.-C Index of economically important Lepidoptera. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 599 pp.

3 Lepidopteran phylogenetics Mutanen, M., N. Wahlberg & L. Kaila Comprehensive gene and taxon coverage elucidates radiation patterns in moths and butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. doi: /rspb Regier, J. C., et al Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 280. doi: / van Nieukerken, E., et al Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148:

4 Tortricidae books and papers Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp. Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith British Tortricoid Moths, Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London. 336 pp. Brown, J. W World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books. 741 pp. Brown, R. L Tortricidae (Tortricoidea), pp In: F. W. Stehr (ed.), Immature Insects. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. Diakonoff, A The South Asiatic Olethreutini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Zoologische Monographieen van het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie pp. Gilligan, T. M., D. J. Wright and L. D. Gibson Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. 334 pp. Horak, M Assessment of taxonomically significant structures in Tortricinae (Lep., Tortricidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 57: Horak, M Tortricoidea, pp In Kristensen, N. (ed.), Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography. Handbook of Zoology 4 (35), Arthropoda: Insecta. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York. Horak, M Olethreutine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, Vol pp. Horak, M. and R. L. Brown Taxonomy and phylogeny, pp In: van der Geest, L. P. S. and H. H. Evenhuis (eds.), Tortricid pests, their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam.

5 Tortricidae books and papers Komai, F A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomol. Scand. Suppl. 55: MacKay, M. R Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist Supplement pp. MacKay, M. R Larvae of the North American Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricinae). Canadian Entomologist Supplement pp. Powell, J. A Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology pp. Powell, J. A. and J. W. Brown The moths of North America north of Mexico. Fascicle 8.1. Sparganothini and Atteriini. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation. 230 pp. Razowski, J Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp. Razowski, J Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 2, Olethreutinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 301 pp. Regier, J. C., J. W. Brown, C. Mitter, J. Baixeras, S. Cho, M. P. Cummings and A. Zwick A molecular phylogeny for the leaf-roller moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its implications for classification and life history evolution. PLoS ONE. 7: e doi: /journal.pone Swatschek, B Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae and Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.] van der Geest, L. P. S. and H. H. Evenhuis Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 808 pp.

6 Tortricidae electronic Online world catalogue of the Tortricidae Food plant database for the leafrollers of the world (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Tortricid literature library 1,500 type specimen photographs Gilligan, T. M. and M. E. Epstein LBAM ID: Tools for diagnosing light brown apple moth and related western U.S. leafrollers (Tortricidae: Archipini) [CD-ROM]. USDA-APHIS. Gilligan, T. M. and M. E. Epstein Tortricids of agricultural importance (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). [CD-ROM]. USDA-APHIS. Moth photographers group (

7 Using interactive identification (Lucid) keys

8 Interactive identification keys TortAI Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI) USDA-sponsored, three year project ( ) Identification resources are needed for Tortricidae Port intercepts (primarily nonindigenous species) Domestic/CAPS surveys (primarily native species) Identification resources are needed at different levels Federal, State, Local levels General identifiers versus specialists Identification resources should utilize modern tools Interactive keys Molecular tools Web technologies

9 Interactive identification keys TortAI Goals of TortAI Create interactive identification keys for adults and larvae Develop and enhance molecular databases for identification use Identify and verify tortricid larvae captured at ports of entry Make information available via websites and CDROM Formally publish any systematic/taxonomic work Collaborate and communicate with tortricid workers worldwide

10 Interactive identification keys TortAI CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) Adult Key Identified primary/secondary CAPS targets (previous slide) Identified common non-targets encountered during surveys Total 104 taxa Key: 37 chars, 195 states Port-interception Larval Key Identified species most commonly intercepted at U. S. ports of entry Consulted USDA PestID, USDA/SEL, OPIS, etc. Total 55 taxa Key: 44 chars, 218 states

11 Interactive identification keys TortAI Benefits of matrix-based keys Results are not based on success in navigating proceeding couplets Users can start anywhere in the key Users can only score characters which they know or can observe Keys are interactive; users can view results and correct mistakes Easier to create/test/troubleshoot Easy to incorporate illustrations Possible to incorporate other types of data (origin/hosts) Easy to link to fact sheets, additional information

12 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI) (Couplet 22 from MacKay 1959)

13 Using Lucid keys

14 Using Lucid keys

15 Using Lucid keys

16 Using Lucid keys Achyra occidentalis

17 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI)

18 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI)

19 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI)

20 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI)

21 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI)

22 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI)

23 Tortricids of Agricultural Importance (TortAI) We will discuss molecular identification tools later in the week