- Shahd Alqudah. - Moayyad Al-Shafei. - Malik Zihlif. 1 P a g e
|
|
- Spencer Stafford
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 -5 - Shahd Alqudah - Moayyad Al-Shafei - Malik Zihlif 1 P a g e
2 The adverse effects of parental iron therapy: 1- Headache, light-headedness (the most important). 2- Fever, arthralgia, back pain. 3- Flushing, urticarial, bronchospasm, and rarely anaphylaxis and death. - Notes on these side effects: - The most important side effect you should focus on is the first one. - Regarding the third point: clinical data indicates that, the risk of anaphylaxis is largely associated with iron dextran formulations, which are no longer used (instead we use sucrose formulations). - Black stool is only seen with oral iron supplements. Acute iron toxicity: - Exclusively in young children, who accidentally ingest iron tablets why? This is mainly because iron pills look like candy sweets. - As few as 10 tablets can be lethal in young children. - The toxic dose depends on the body mass index of the child. - If iron toxicity occurs, iron will be oxidized leading to metabolic acidosis (the doctor said that metabolic acidosis will cause hypoxia and reduce the tissue blood supply which may cause death). - Children who are poisoned with oral iron experience necrotizing gastroenteritis, with vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea followed by shock, lethargy, and dyspnea. - Fast intervention is critical to save their lives. - In most poisoning cases charcoal is used as an adsorbent material. - In the case of iron toxicity, charcoal is ineffective as it doesn't adsorb iron, so don't ever think of giving charcoal in cases of iron toxicity. Management of acute iron toxicity: For the unabsorbed pills (we need to flush out unabsorbed pills): -Whole bowel irrigation should be performed, or the administration of a rapid acting emetic ipecac to perform what is called gastric lavage. For iron that has already been absorbed: Deferoxamine, a potent ironchelating compound, can be given systemically to bind the absorbed iron and promote its excretion in urine and feces. 2 P a g e
3 Appropriate supportive therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding, metabolic acidosis, and shock must also be provided. Chronic iron toxicity (iron overload) hemochromatosis: - Excess iron is deposited in the heart, liver, pancreas, and other organs. It can lead to organ failure and death. - It most commonly occurs in patients with inherited hemochromatosis, a disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption. - And in patients who receive many red cell transfusions over a long period of time (e.g. patients with thalassemia major). - Chronic iron overload in the absence of anemia is most efficiently treated by intermittent phlebotomy (One unit of blood can be removed every week) until iron level is normalized. Megaloblastic anemias: - During erythropoiesis the cell increases the synthesis of both DNA and cytoplasmic components, it then divides (passing G2/M check point of the cell cycle). - But if the DNA synthesis is defected (which will impair the cell cycle progression from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M) stage, which is called G2/M arrest), it will lead to continuous cell growth but without division, which presents as macrocytosis. - Megaloblastic anemia,which is a marrow disorder caused by defective DNA synthesis, occurs due to the deficiency of either vitamin B12 or Folic acid.both are cofactors in DNA synthesis; because they catalyze the coupling reaction (transport of methyl group to homocysteine producing the methionine). Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia : - Vitamin B12 is readily absorbed in the last part of the small intestine (ileum), which leads to the large intestine. However, to be absorbed, the vitamin must combine with intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach. - Anemia may result from: 1- Deficiency (strict vegetarians with no meat or dairy products intake). 2- Impaired absorption due to decreased intrinsic factor (Pernicious anemia). 3- Gastrectomy. 4- Malnutrition, RA, thyroid conditions. 3 P a g e
4 - B12 deficiency has two subsequent effects(symptoms): * Neurological syndrome. * Hematological abnormalities. - It can be distinguished from other anemias by its neurological syndrome: delirium, numbness, tingling of hand and feet, loss of fine learned movements, difficulty in walking, bladder and bowel dysfunction. - Neurological syndrome presents in early stages, examples: Constipation, glossitis, dizziness, numbness and others. - Patients should have very low levels of vit B12 to develop hematological abnormalities (late stages). - Vitamin B12 for parenteral injection is available as cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. Hydroxocobalamin is preferred because it is more highly protein-bound and therefore remains longer in the circulation. - Strategies of giving vitamin B12 supplementation as cyanocobalamin(they may change depending on the case and the prognosis): 1- A patient with observed B12 deficiency without neurological symptoms: We either give him an injection every week for a month, or one injection every three days for a month. We then measure the level of the vitamin, to determine what to do after. 2- A patient with profound deficiency ( <50 ng/ml) with neurological symptoms: We should act very fast and load the patient with b12 through: *a daily injection for a week, *a weekly injection for a month, then *a monthly injection for the rest of his life. [this is called maintenance therapy] - If neurologic abnormalities are present, maintenance therapy injections should be given every 1 2 weeks for 6 months before switching to monthly injections. (slides) - In the case of malabsorption, the patient may need lifelong injections; because he cannot absorb B12/intrinsic factor complex 4 P a g e
5 - Oral vitamin B12-intrinsic factor mixtures and liver extracts should not be used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency; however, daily oral doses of 1000 mcg of vitamin B12 are usually sufficient to treat patients with pernicious anemia, especially those who refuse or cannot tolerate the injections. (slides) Folic acid deficiency anemia: The following points weren t mentioned by the doctor, they are from the slides:. - Folic acid deficiency and megaloblastic anemia can develop within 1 6 months (low stored amount) after the intake of folic acid stops, depending on the patient's nutritional status and the rate of folate utilization. - Patients with alcohol dependence and patients with liver disease can develop folic acid deficiency because of poor diet and diminished hepatic storage of folates. - Patients who require renal dialysis develop folic acid deficiency because folates are removed from the plasma during the dialysis procedure. - In large doses may counteract the effects of anticonvulsants potentially leading to seizures. - Its Adverse reactions are Erythema, itching, and rash. - Folic acid deficiency is linked to neural tube formation defects of the fetus. So, in Jordan, once the woman becomes pregnant, we put her on folic acid. Women who are considering having a child should be given folic acid 2 months before conception. - In Jordan, bread is fortified; they add folic acid to the bread, that s why we usually don t have folic acid deficiency in Jordan but keep it in your mind through the diagnosis of the patients. - It is given orally because it is well absorbed. - Anemia may be indistinguishable from B12 deficiency but occurs rapidly. - The level of folic acid must be evaluated before treatment. - Folate therapy will correct hematological abnormalities but not neurological problems. - **To avoid neurological complications of vitamin B12 deficiency, it is important to evaluate the basis of the megaloblastic anemia (is it due to the deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid?) prior to instituting therapy, 5 P a g e
6 because B12 deficiency may be masked by folate supplementation which can then proceed to severe irreversible neurologic dysfunction and disease. - After evaluating, if both vitamins are deficient we use a combination therapy. - The professor asked two questions: Are we allowed to prescribe vit b12 supplements even if there is no deficiency? And are b12 supplements indicated for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome? More information about these issues will be given in the next sheet. Anti-malarial drugs: - Malaria is an acute infectious disease caused by four species of the protozoal genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. - It's most commonly found in areas of South America, Africa, and Asia. - Fortunately, no malaria cases are found in Jordan. - Species are: P. Falciparum, P. Vivax, P. Malariae, and P. Ovale. - P. falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria. Malignant because it is the most severe form of malaria and can be fatal. Tertian because it is said to produce fever every third day. - P. vivax and P. ovale, both of which can produce dormant liver stage parasites. - P. vivax produces benign tertian malaria. Benign because it is less severe than falciparum and is seldom fatal. Life cycle: - Two Interdependent Life Cycles: Sexual cycle: in the mosquito Asexual cycle: in the human which includes: 1-The transmission to humans by mosquito bites. 2-Reaching the liver (Exoerythrocytic phase) where they become tissue Schizonts (active form) or Hypnozoites (latent or sleeping form), (remember that both P. vivax and P. ovale, can produce dormant liver stage parasites which mainly persist in the liver). 3- They then infect RBCs (Erythrocytic phase) where they will: a-live as blood schizonts (acute infection), b-or produce gametocytes that can be ingested through the mosquito bite repeating the cycle. 6 P a g e
7 Notes: - Drugs that eliminate developing or dormant liver forms are called tissue schizonticides. - Those that act on erythrocytic parasites are blood schizonticides; - And those that kill sexual stages and prevent transmission to mosquitoes are gametocides(notice that they kill gametocytes in the human body). - No single available agent can reliably effect a radical cure, ie, eliminate both hepatic and erythrocytic stages. - Very important note:. - In the parasitic lysosomes, hemoglobin(globin+heme) is utilized in order to supply the parasite with amino acids necessary for its metabolism. - Free heme is extremely toxic for the parasite. It can generate ROS. And as it is lipophilic, it can intercalate into membranes causing cell lysis. - In order for plasmodium species to survive, free heme is metabolized to an inert chemical form called haemozoin by a process known as biomineralization. This critical step is targeted by most anti-malarial agents. - Chloroquie : - Its mechanism of action is complex and not fully understood. It accumulates in parasitic lysosomes. Chloroquine inhibits digestion of hemoglobin by the parasite and thus helps reducing its supply of amino acids. It also inhibits hame polymerase - the enzyme that polymerizes toxic free heme to the innocuous haemozoin. - It is the drug of choice in the treatment of erythrocytic P. falciparum malaria, except in resistant strains. - Chloroquine is less effective against P. vivax malaria.(remember that P. vivax produces dormant liver stage parasite) - Chloroquine is used for prophylaxis of malaria when travelling to areas with known chloroquine- sensitive malaria, by taking one tablet weekly. - It has a long tissue half-life, so tissue reservoir will be established and the drug is released slowly to the blood. - Treatment of malaria infection: - A loading dose of 200 mg/kg in the first day, then a dose of 10 mg/kg for the second and the third days. - Resistance for chloroquine has been developed, by pumping out the drug (in a very similar manner of tetracycline resistance). 7 P a g e
8 - Mefloquine, which is not a substrate for pump, is effective therapy for many chloroquine resistant strains of P falciparum and against other species. - Chloroquine side effects: At high doses, toxic effects occur, including gastrointestinal upset, pruritus, headaches, and visual disturbances which is mostly characterized by blurry vision (an ophthalmological examination should be routinely performed). - Parenteral administration is not approved because of the hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, and convulsions. 8 P a g e
Hematopoiesis, The hematopoietic machinery requires a constant supply iron, vitamin B 12, and folic acid.
Hematopoiesis, 200 billion new blood cells per day The hematopoietic machinery requires a constant supply iron, vitamin B 12, and folic acid. hematopoietic growth factors, proteins that regulate the proliferation
More informationIron deficiency anemia:
بسم هللا الرمحن الرحمي Before we start: Dr. Malik suggested for the third immunity lecture to be a continuation for the hematology pharmacology. And he will discuss the drugs for treating leukemia and
More informationMalaria. is a mosquito-born disease causing about 3 million deaths a year world-wide. Many are children under the age of 5.
Malaria is a mosquito-born disease causing about 3 million deaths a year world-wide. Many are children under the age of 5. The parasite is transmitted by bites from the female anopheles mosquito. Currently,
More informationAnas Raed. - Zaid Emad. - Malik Zuhlof
- 6 - Anas Raed - Zaid Emad - Malik Zuhlof 1 P a g e - This lecture started with the excellent presentation of chronic fatigue syndrome and the role of Vitamin B12 in its treatment by our colleague Osama
More informationDrugs Used in Anemia
Drugs Used in Anemia Drugs of Anemia Anemia is defined as a below-normal plasma hemoglobin concentration resulting from: a decreased number of circulating red blood cells or an abnormally low total hemoglobin
More informationMalaria. benign (mild) malaria
Malaria Caused by the plasmodium protozoa. Four species of plasmodium causes human malaria: Plasmodium falciparum responsible for nearly all serious complications and deaths. P. vivax P. malariae P. ovale
More informationYEAR III Pharm.D Dr. V. Chitra
YEAR III Pharm.D Dr. V. Chitra Anemia can be defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin,hematocrit or red cell number. In physiologic terms an anemia is any disorder in which the patient suffers from tissue
More informationNUTRITIONAL CARE IN ANEMIA
االله الرحمن الرحيم بسم NUTRITIONAL CARE IN ANEMIA Nutrition Departement Faculty of Medicine University of North Sumatera Definition Deficit of circulating RBC associated with diminished oxygen-carrying
More informationDATA SHEET QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
1 DATA SHEET PRODUCT NAME Solution for injection 1 mg/ml QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Hydroxocobalamin acetate 1 mg/ml For full list of excipients, see section 6.1 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Solution
More informationAntimalarial Drugs. Munir Gharaibeh, MD, PhD, MHPE Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine October 2014
Antimalarial Drugs Munir Gharaibeh, MD, PhD, MHPE Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine October 2014 Malaria Annual Global Incidence: 219 million in 2010. Annually, in Africa, I million children
More informationChapter 28. Media Directory. Hematopoiesis. Regulation of Hematopoiesis. Erythropoietin. Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders
Chapter 28 Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders Slide 35 Media Directory Epoetin Alfa Animation Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Hematopoiesis Figure 28.1 Hematopoiesis Process of
More informationPRESCRIBING INFORMATION mg primaquine phosphate equivalent to 15 mg primaquine base. Antimalarial
PRESCRIBING INFORMATION Pr PRIMAQUINE primaquine phosphate tablets USP 26.3 mg primaquine phosphate equivalent to 15 mg primaquine base Antimalarial sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. 2150 St. Elzear Blvd. West
More informationMalaria. Population at Risk. Infectious Disease epidemiology BMTRY 713 (Lecture 23) Epidemiology of Malaria. April 6, Selassie AW (DPHS) 1
Infectious Disease Epidemiology BMTRY 713 (A. Selassie, DrPH) Lecture 23 Vector-Borne Disease (Part II) Epidemiology of Malaria Learning Objectives 1. Overview of malaria Global perspectives 2. Identify
More informationDOWNLOAD PDF MACROCYTOSIS AND MACROCYTIC ANAEMIA
Chapter 1 : Macrocytic Anemia- Causes, Symptoms Treatment Macrocytosis is a term used to describe red blood cells that are larger than normal. Anemia is when you have low numbers of properly functioning
More informationVITAMIN BASICS VITAMIN WHAT IT DOES TOO LITTLE TOO MUCH SOURCES. Night blindness Total blindness Reduced resistance to infection Can lead to death
VITAMIN BASICS VITAMIN WHAT IT DOES TOO LITTLE TOO MUCH SOURCES Fat-Soluble Vitamin A Maintains vision Maintains epithelial tissues (skin) Develops immune cells Bone growth Night blindness Total blindness
More informationPackage Insert. Raricap. 4. Clinical particulars 4.1 Therapeutic indications For the prevention and treatment of Iron deficiency anaemias
Package Insert Raricap Product Summary 1. Name of the medicinal product Raricap 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition Each film coated tablet contains: Ferrous Calcium Citrate Complex (Equivalent
More informationMalaria parasites Malaria parasites are micro-organisms that belong to the genus Plasmodium. There are more than 100 species of Plasmodium, which can infect many animal species such as reptiles, birds,
More informationLEC 6 Megaloblastic Aneamia
LEC 6 Megaloblastic Aneamia Megaloblastosis is a generalized disorder involving most rapidly growing cells, such as gastrointestinal and uterine cervical mucosal cells. The etiology of megaloblastosis
More information3.1.1 Water Soluble Vitamins
3.1.1 Water Soluble Vitamins Overview of Vitamins essential for good health organic molecules individual units regulate body processes micronutrients solubility fat or water Water Soluble Vitamins B-complex;
More informationMALARIA CONTROL FROM THE INDIVIDUAL TO THE COMMUNITY
MALARIA CONTROL FROM THE INDIVIDUAL TO THE COMMUNITY Calvin L. Wilson MD Clinical Professor of Family Medicine and Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the unique characteristics
More informationFolic Acid and vitamin B12
Folic Acid and vitamin B12 ILOs: by the end of this lecture, you will be able to: 1. Understand that vitamins are crucial nutrients that are important to health. 2. Know that folic acid and vitamin B12
More informationMalaria. An Overview of Life-cycle, Morphology and Clinical Picture
Malaria An Overview of Life-cycle, Morphology and Clinical Picture Malaria Malaria is the most important of all tropical parasitic disease,causes death and debility and is endemic throughout the tropics
More informationZahraa Muneer. Enas Ajarma. Saleem
2 Zahraa Muneer Enas Ajarma Saleem Blood parameters: 1. RBCs count 2. Haematocrit 3. Haemoglobin content In new-born babies all three parameters of blood are higher than in normal adults. This happens
More information*Monitor for significant side effects, especially symptoms of neurological or cardiovascular events.
Assessment Prior to administration: Obtain complete health history including allergies, drug history, and possible drug reactions Assess reason for drug administration such as presence/history of anemia
More informationGeneral Characterisctics
Anemia General Characterisctics Definition: anemia is a decrease in red blood cells. Happens due to underproduction, increased destruction or loss of red cells. Diagnosis of anemia: Hgb < 135 (men) Hgb
More information* imagine if the Hb is free ( e.g. hemolysis ) in the plasma what happens?
In this lecture we will talk about Some characteristics of RBC. Erythrpoiesis : * During fetal & adult life. * its regulation. RBCs : - Appear under the microscope as circular,unnucleated and biconcave
More informationLECTURE-4 VITAMINS DR PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DAHOD, GUJARAT DATE
LECTURE-4 VITAMINS DR PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DAHOD, GUJARAT DATE-20-12-2018 VITAMIN B 12 VITAMIN B-12 COBALAMIN (COBALT ATOM IN CORRIN RING)
More informationKato, N. et al, Nature, 2016, Accelerated Article Preview. Celeste Alverez Current Literature 9/10/ /10/2016 Celeste Wipf Group 1
Kato, N. et al, Nature, 2016, Accelerated Article Preview Celeste Alverez Current Literature 9/10/2016 9/10/2016 Celeste Alverez @ Wipf Group 1 Malaria Caused by Plasmodium parasites Carried by 30-40 species
More informationAround million aged erythrocytes/hour are broken down.
Anemia Degradation ofheme Around 100 200 million aged erythrocytes/hour are broken down. The degradation process starts in reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. [1] The tetrapyrrole
More informationCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Folic acid acts on megaloblastic bone marrow to produce a normoblastic marrow.
Folic Acid Tablets, USP Rx Only DESCRIPTION Folic acid, USP, N-[p-[[(2-amino-4- hydroxy-6-pteridinyl) methyl]- amino] benzoyl]-lglutamic acid, is a B complex vitamin containing a pteridine moiety linked
More informationMalaria. Traveler Summary. Key Points. Introduction. Risk Areas
Malaria Traveler Summary Key Points Malaria is an infection caused by a parasite that lives within the red blood cells and is acquired through the bite of mosquitoes which generally feed at night. This
More informationFaculty of Medicine Dr. Tariq Aladily
Iron deficiency anemia The most common anemia worldwide Only 10% of ingested iron is absorbed Most dietary iron occurs in meat products Absorbed in duodenum Hepcidin By inhibiting ferroportin, hepcidin
More informationVitamins. Vitamins (continued) Lipid-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K) Vitamins Serve Important Roles in Function of Body
Vitamins Drugs for Nutritional Disorders Organic substances are needed in small amounts Promote growth Maintain health Vitamins Human cells cannot produce vitamins Exception: vitamin D Vitamins or provitamins
More informationDefinition Aetiology
Definition Anaemia is a fall in haemoglobin below the reference ranges for age and sex (adult female
More informationIncrease in temperatures in Africa, rise in humidity creating new water sources and the start of agriculture in the Middle East and North East Africa
1 HISTORY 2 Malaria has been known to mankind for thousands of years. Increase in temperatures in Africa, rise in humidity creating new water sources and the start of agriculture in the Middle East and
More information??? A Vitamin only produced by bacteria
A Vitamin only produced by bacteria Both animals and humans must get this vitamin from food or supplements as it can not be naturally produced by the body.??? Active- B 12 (Holotranscobalamin) N C H 2
More informationStudy No.: Title: Rationale: Phase: Study Period: Study Design: Centers: Indication: Treatment: Objective: Primary Outcome/Efficacy Variable:
The study listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More informationDr. Hasan Fahmawi, MRCP (London), FRCP(Edin) Consultant Physician ANAEMIA
Dr. Hasan Fahmawi, MRCP (London), FRCP(Edin) Consultant Physician ANAEMIA Definition Anaemia refers to a state in which haemoglobin in the blood is below the reference range appropriate for age and
More informationLECTURE-3 VITAMINS DR PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DAHOD, GUJARAT DATE
LECTURE-3 VITAMINS DR PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DAHOD, GUJARAT DATE-20-12-2018 FOLATE or FOLIC ACID FOLATE Other names Folic acid Folacin Pteroylglutamic
More informationINTERELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IDA AND VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS NOW ESTABLISHED
INTERELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IDA AND VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS NOW ESTABLISHED Rationale for Combining Iron & Vit-D Vit D deficiency and Iron deficiency Anaemia the two most menacing disorders - are inter-related
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUININE V/S ARTESUNATE IN SEVERE MALARIA PATIENTS IN NORTHWESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUININE V/S ARTESUNATE IN SEVERE MALARIA PATIENTS IN NORTHWESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA K. C. Nayak, Rakesh Meena, *Surendra Kumar, B. K. Gupta, V. B. Singh and Varun Kulkarni Department
More informationMinerals and water. Minerals 10/23/2017
Minerals and water MAIN QUESTIONS TO ANSWER: What are some major functions of water in the body? For each mineral, what are the best dietary sources? what are the physiological functions? what are the
More informationSymptoms of Malaria. Young children, pregnant women, immunosuppressed and elderly travellers are particularly at risk of severe malaria.
Preventing Malaria 1 Malaria is the world s most prevalent parasitic disease, accounting for an estimated 216 million cases with 655,000 deaths annually. Many people acquire malaria during travel to tropical
More informationAnemia. F r e q u e n t l y A s k e d Q u e s t i o n s
Anemia Q: What is anemia? A: Anemia (uh-nee-me-uh) occurs when you have less than the normal number of red blood cells in your blood or when the red blood cells in your blood don t have enough hemoglobin
More informationAdvisory on Malaria. What is Malaria? 21 November Malaria is a serious, lifethreatening
21 November 2018 Advisory on Malaria What is Malaria? Malaria is a serious, lifethreatening disease causes by Plasmodium parasite which is transmitted to humans from the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito.
More informationHorizon Scanning Technology Summary. Cyanocobalamin nasal spray (Nascobal) for vitamin B12 deficiency. National Horizon Scanning Centre.
Horizon Scanning Technology Summary National Horizon Scanning Centre Cyanocobalamin nasal spray (Nascobal) for vitamin B12 deficiency April 2007 This technology summary is based on information available
More informationInvest in the future, defeat malaria
Invest in the future, defeat malaria Malaria is caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium, which are spread to people by infected mosquitoes. There are five species of Plasmodium that can infect humans.
More informationFOCUS ON IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ITS TREATMENT
FOCUS ON IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ITS TREATMENT What you need to know 8846 In Vivo Takeda Feraheme Flip Chart-v3.indd 1 13-01-16 9:37 AM BLOOD AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN YOUR BODY Blood circulates throughout
More informationNUTRITIONAL ANEMIAS K Y L I E P E T E R S O N & E M I L Y S T E W A R T S A O R I S A K I T A & M A R J O R I E M I L L E R
NUTRITIONAL ANEMIAS K Y L I E P E T E R S O N & E M I L Y S T E W A R T S A O R I S A K I T A & M A R J O R I E M I L L E R ANEMIA Anemia: a deficiency in the size/number of RBC or the amount of hemoglobin
More informationDR.PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY,
DR.PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY, CURIOSITY???? WHAT? WHERE? WHY? DISORDES? CURIOSITY = ANSWER TO FIND WHAT ARE VITAMINS AND THERE REQUIREMENTS? WHERE THEY ARE SYNTHESISED, ABSORPED,
More informationMicrocytic Hypochromic Anemia An Approach to Diagnosis
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia An Approach to Diagnosis Decreased hemoglobin synthesis gives rise to microcytic hypochromic anemias. Hypochromic anemias are characterized by normal cellular proliferation
More informationPARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY #14 (BLOOD PARASITES) (Lynne S. Garcia)
PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY #14 (BLOOD PARASITES) (Lynne S. Garcia) A 37-year-old woman, who had traveled to New Guinea for several weeks, presented to the medical clinic with fever, chills, and rigors within
More informationAlberta Health Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines July 2012
July 2012 Malaria Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition Confirmed Case Laboratory confirmation
More informationRama Nada. -Ensherah Mokheemer. 1 P a g e
- 3 - Rama Nada -Ensherah Mokheemer - 1 P a g e Don t forget to refer to page index wherever you see * Quick revision: In the previous lecture we said that: - your body contains 4-5g of iron (4g in females
More informationProvidence Neurosurgery PATIENT INFORMATION SHEET
Date: Staff only: Weight: Height: BP: Pain Age Patient Name Date of Birth Street Address City State Zip Code Home Phone Work Phone Cell Phone Right handed Left handed Please mark one Referring Physician
More informationThe Malarias: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale. Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum
The Malarias: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum 1 Distribution Of Plasmodium vivax 2 Global Risk By Country-Proportionality
More informationGuideline for the management of Vitamin B12 deficiency (For adults)
Guideline for the management of Vitamin B12 deficiency (For adults) Anaemia or Strong Clinical suspicion e.g Visual disturbance, memory loss, psychiatric abnormalities, loss of peripheral nerve function
More informationPARACOD Tablets (Paracetamol + Codeine phosphate)
Published on: 22 Sep 2014 PARACOD Tablets (Paracetamol + Codeine phosphate) Composition PARACOD Tablets Each effervescent tablet contains: Paracetamol IP...650 mg Codeine Phosphate IP... 30 mg Dosage Form/s
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE CLINICO PATHOLOGICAL REVIEW OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA IN CHILDREN- A 7 YEAR PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE
CLINICO PATHOLOGICAL REVIEW OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA IN CHILDREN- A 7 YEAR PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE M.Ramani 1, D.Ranganath 2,O.H.RadhikaKrishna 3, K.Geetha 4, M.Keerthika 5, PujaDeshmukh 6, S.P.Krupani7,
More informationAdams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS
Adams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS Your health is important to us! The test descriptions listed below are for educational purposes only. Laboratory test interpretation
More informationF r e q u e n t l y As k e d Qu e s t i o n s
page 1 Anemia Q: What is anemia? A: Anemia (uh-nee-mee-uh) occurs when you have less than the normal number of red blood cells in your blood or when the red blood cells in your blood don t have enough
More informationCity State Zip Code. Ethnic Background: Caucasian African-American Asian Hispanic Native American. Previous. Hobbies/Leisure activities:,,,
History # UPIN # (Please leave blank) Name: First M.I. Last Address: Street (Apt #) City State Zip Code Phone number: ( ) ( ) Home Business Birth Date: / / Day-Month-Year Gender: M F Marital status: (Maiden
More informationAmeba has two stages of development: cyst and trophozoite
Amebiasis A parasitic disease of worldwide public health importance Second to malaria in mortality due to protozoan parasites Invasive amebiasis results in up to 100,000 deaths / year Amebiasis is infection
More informationI. Definitions. V. Evaluation A. History B. Physical Exam C. Laboratory evaluation D. Bone marrow examination E. Specialty referrals
I. Definitions II. III. Red blood cell life cycle Iron metabolism IV. Causes of anemia A. Kinetic approach 1. decreased production 2. increased destruction 3. blood loss B. Morphologic approach 1. normocytic
More informationATOVAQUONE PROGUANIL INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT
ATOVAQUONE PROGUANIL INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT Please read this information carefully before taking your medication. If you have any questions ask your doctor or pharmacist. What is malaria? Malaria
More informationPLEASE COMPLETE ALL SECTIONS OF THIS FORM
PLEASE COMPLETE ALL SECTIONS OF THIS FORM Patient Name: Date of Birth: Referring Doctor? (Name, telephone number and address) Chief Complaint: Why have you come here? How did it start? What are the symptoms?
More informationIron Overload in Sickle Cell Disease Review of Cause and Treatment
Iron Overload in Sickle Cell Disease Review of Cause and Treatment Susan M. Carson RN, MSN, CPNP Nurse Practitioner III Hematology Program Children s Hospital Los Angeles Objectives Describe the effect
More informationProtocol for Iron poisoning management Category/Use: Iron supplements are used for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency
Protocol for Iron poisoning management Category/Use: Iron supplements are used for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, and as a nutritional supplement to provide additional iron during
More informationThe Malarias: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale. Watersheds of the African Continent
The Malarias: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale Global Risk By Country-Proportionality Plot P. falciparum P. vivax Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum 3 million
More informationTypes of Anaemias and their Management. S. Moncrieffe, Pharm.D., MPH, Dip.Ed., RPh. PSJ CE Mandeville Hotel April 27, 2014
Types of Anaemias and their Management S. Moncrieffe, Pharm.D., MPH, Dip.Ed., RPh. PSJ CE Mandeville Hotel April 27, 2014 Objectives At the end of the presentations participants should be able to: 1. Define
More informationPatient Information SIVEXTRO (sih-vex-tro) (tedizolid phosphate) tablets
What you need to know about SIVEXTRO Patient Information SIVEXTRO (sih-vex-tro) (tedizolid phosphate) tablets Before you take this medicine, be sure you understand what it is for and how to take it safely.
More informationMalaria Life Cycle Life Cycle
Malaria Malaria Life Cycle Life Cycle Oocyst Zygote Sporogony Sporozoites Mosquito Salivary Gland Gametocytes Exoerythrocytic (hepatic) cycle Hypnozoites (for P. vivax and P. ovale) Erythrocytic Cycle
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Parasitic Diseases Protozoan and helminthic parasites are emerging as serious
More informationContrast Materials Patient Safety: What are contrast materials and how do they work?
Contrast Materials Patient Safety: What are contrast materials and how do they work? Which imaging exams use contrast materials? How safe are contrast materials? How should I prepare for my imaging procedure
More informationPRESCRIBING INFORMATION WITH PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION. primaquine phosphate tablets USP
PRESCRIBING INFORMATION WITH PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION Pr PRIMAQUINE primaquine phosphate tablets USP 26.3 mg primaquine phosphate (equivalent to 15 mg primaquine base) Antimalarial sanofi-aventis
More informationWhat Your Kidneys Do and What Happens When They Fail
Patient Education Chapter 2 Page 1 What Your Kidneys Do and What Happens When They Fail Objectives: 1. Understand basic kidney functions. 2. Understand symptoms of uremia and some treatments used for it.
More informationDrugs affecting the blood
Drugs affecting the blood Antianaemia drugs IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA Anaemia has many different aetiologies. It occurs when the haemoglobin concentration falls below the normal range for the age and sex
More informationSurvey of blood transfusion-induced malaria and other diseases in Thalassemia patients from Solapur District (M.S.) India.
7. CONCLUSION Over 125 patients affected by thalassemia live in Solapur District, Maharashtra, India. Thalassemia is a blood disease and is common in both sexes. Thalassemia was suspected in all these
More informationSection VI. Drugs Used to Treat Disease of the Blood, Inflammation, & Gout. Chapter 33. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Section VI. Drugs Used to Treat Disease of the Blood, Inflammation, & Gout Chapter 33. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic Growth Factors Katzung PHARMACOLOGY, 9e > Section VI. Drugs Used to Treat Disease
More informationAnaemia in Pregnancy
Anaemia in Pregnancy Definition :anaemia is a pathological condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells is insufficient to meet the body needs. The WHO : haemoglobin concentration
More informationStudy Plan: Screening
Phase 1 with Sporozoite Challenge Open-Label Dose-Escalation Safety, Reactogenicity, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the Vaccine Candidate Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Protein (FMP012), an E coli-expressed
More informationHaemotonics (Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic and Growth Factors) Dr Laith M Abbas Al-Huseini M.B.Ch.B, M.Sc., M.Res., Ph.D.
Haemotonics (Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic and Growth Factors) Dr Laith M Abbas Al-Huseini M.B.Ch.B, M.Sc., M.Res., Ph.D. Iron Kinetics: iron absorption takes place predominantly in the duodenum
More informationPhysiological Role: B-vitamins are coenzymes of many enzymes systems of body metabolism. Thiamine {B 1 }
Food Constituents [continued] Micronutrients B-Vitamins The B group of vitamin {water soluble} includes: Thiamine: vitamin B 1, ant beriberi vitamin. Riboflavin: vitamin B 2. Niacin: nicotinic acid, PP
More informationCE Unit. Viruses and Vaccines
CE Unit Viruses and Vaccines DO NOT WRITE What is a virus? Have you ever had a virus? What is a vaccine? How is a virus different from bacteria? What are the deadliest viruses? 10. Dengue fever 50 million
More informationAccessMedicine Print: Chapter 33. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic Growth Fac... Page 1 of 23 Print Close Window Note: Large images and tables on this page may necessitate printing in landscape mode.
More informationUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner), V.P.O. Bajor, Dist. Sikar, Rajasthan, India
REVIEW ARTICLE www.ijapc.com e-issn 2350-0204 Malaria, A Widely Prevalent Mosquito-Borne Infection in Humans and Recommended Herbal Therapy Subha Ganguly 1*, Satarupa Roy 2 1 Associate Department of Veterinary
More informationFolic Acid. Ameer Saadallah Al-Zacko Ahmad Ausama Al-Kazzaz Ahmad Maan Al-Hajar
Folic Acid Ameer Saadallah Al-Zacko Ahmad Ausama Al-Kazzaz Ahmad Maan Al-Hajar Now with Ahmad Maan Al-Hajar Folic acid Folic acid is a water soluble Vitamin which has many forms include folate, vitamin
More informationPATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE Radiation Oncology
REVIEWED DATE / INITIALS Safety: Yes No Are you at risk for falls? Do you have a Pacemaker? Females; Is there a possibility you may be pregnant? Allergies: Yes No If YES, please list medication allergies:
More informationPATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE Radiation Oncology
REVIEWED DATE / INITIALS Safety: Are you at risk for falls? Do you have a Pacemaker? Females; Is there a possibility you may be pregnant? Allergies: If YES, please list medication allergies: Do you have
More informationThe Problems Diagnosing B 12 Deficiency the Patient Perspective. Dr Fiona Porter-Smith GP. Cwm Garw Practice South Wales
The Problems Diagnosing B 12 Deficiency the Patient Perspective Dr Fiona Porter-Smith GP. Cwm Garw Practice South Wales About Me Age 40 Female Work as a GP B 12 Deficiency Vitamin B 12 Deficiency 1859
More informationHemosiderin. Livia Vida 2018
Hemosiderin Livia Vida 2018 Questions Histochemical caracteristics of the different pigments. Exogenous pigments. Hemoglobinogenic pigments. Causes and forms of jaundice. Hemoglobinogenic pigments. Pathological
More informationCreate the Following Chart in your notebook. Fill in as you go through each one.
Diseases of Africa Create the Following Chart in your notebook. Fill in as you go through each one. History of disease? Affected Population? How do you catch the disease? Symptoms? Prevention / Treatment?
More informationWelcome to About Women by Women
Welcome to About Women by Women Today s Date New Patient Questionnaire Name: Birth Date: / / Home Phone: Address: Cell Phone: Work Phone: Occupation: Employer: Marital Status: Married Living w/ Partner
More informationDo you have Iron Deficient Anemia?
Do you have Iron Deficient Anemia? Do you ever just have this overwhelming feeling all day, every day, that you have no energy?! Ever just sat there thinking, I eat well and healthily, I exercise, I take
More informationL-Carnitine, Mecobalamin and Folic acid Tablets TRINERVE-LC
For the use of a Registered Medical Practitioner or a Hospital or a Laboratory only, and Tablets TRINERVE-LC 1. Name of the medicinal product Trinerve-LC Tablets 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
More informationSigns Of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies: Who's At Risk -- Why -- What Can Be Done By Joyce Zborower M.A. READ ONLINE
Signs Of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies: Who's At Risk -- Why -- What Can Be Done By Joyce Zborower M.A. READ ONLINE If you are searching for the book Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies: Who's At Risk -- Why
More informationSOP GEN-2016B. Revision/ Review Log Revision Date Approved by Reviewed by Revision Details/ Proposal Notes 04 October 2016
Page 1 of 5 SOP GEN-2016B 1.0 Introduction 2.0 3.0 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment 4.0 Return to Work 5.0 Special Concerns: Zika 5.1 Microcephaly 6.0 Resources Revision/ Review Log Revision Date Approved
More informationIN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY NOT LIVING WITH YOU
GENERAL INFORMATION Name (as it appears on insur card) Address City State Zip Home phone Cell Email Marital status DOB SS# Employer Work # Parent name (if minor) IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY NOT LIVING WITH
More informationTransfusion Reactions. Directed by M-azad March 2012
Transfusion Reactions Directed by M-azad March 2012 Transfusion Reactions are Adverse reactions associated with the transfusion of blood and its components Transfusion reactions Non-threatening to fatal
More informationDisclosure Information
Malaria Medications Charlie Mosler, RPh, PharmD, CGP, FASCP Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice The University of Findlay College of Pharmacy Findlay, OH mosler@findlay.edu Disclosure Information
More information