FATS AND PELLETS IN BROILER RATIONS. G. H. Arscott

Transcription

1 32 FATS AND PELLETS IN BROILER RATIONS By G. H. Arscott \.5 RA140.4 v. OCT ' Miscellaneous Paper 37 April 1957 Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis

2 p FATS AND PELLETS IN BROILER RATIONS G. H. Arscott 1/ It is estimated that over three-fourths of the commercial rations currently fed to broilers in this area are in crumbles or pellet form. Bearse and coworkers (1952), Lanson (1954), and Lanson and Smyth (1955) have shown that pelleting improved growth and feed conversion of broilers fed high-efficiency rations. Little experimental information is presently available regarding the value of pelleting broiler feeds containing animal fat. Procedure The experimental plan involved four groups of sexed, day-old broiler fed mash or pellets each in the presence or absence of 3% animal fat 2/. This procedure was repeated at three different intervals with 200 New Hampshire chicks of mixed sex used in each of the first two experiments (1 and 2) and 192 Delaware chicks of mixed sex in the third experiment (3). Experiment 1 was of 8 weeks t duration while experiments 2 and 3 were of 9 weeks' length. The broilers were housed in a building equipped with forced draft ventilation; raised floor pens containing wood planer shavings with approximately 1 square foot of floor space per chick; and brooded under infrared heat lamps with 24-hour lights. Feed and water were available continuouoly. The rations used are shown in table 1. A 3/32" pellet was employed for the pelleted feeds throughout the trial. Additional soybean meal protein was added to rations containing 3% fat to keep the protein level constant among treatments. The broilers were weighed at 4, 8, or 9 weeks of age. Feed consumption data were recorded with adjustments made for mortality. Results Results of the three experiments are summarized in table 2. The addition of 3% animal fat resulted in a greater improvement in bodyweight and feed use on the mash-type rations compared to the pelleted rations. Pelleting a ration brought about a growth response that proved greater than that observed with the all-mash ration containing 3% added fat. Pelleting the ration containing no fat improved feed conversion to the extent that it compared favorably with the all-mash ration containing 3% fat. An additional improvement, though of smaller magnitude, was observed with the pelleted ration containing 3% added fat, 1/ Assistant Poultry Husbandman, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College. 2/ "Calogen" stabilized with "Tenox R".

3 Performance efficiency calculations demonstrate the additive-type effect noted from the mash-no-fat treatment through the pelleted-3% fat group (table 2). Summary Three experiments have been conducted involving a total of 592 broiler chicks housed in floor pens. The following observations were made. (1) 3% animal fat brought about more improvement on bodyweight and feed use on mash rations than it did on pelleted rations, (2) Pelleting a mash ration resulted in a marked improvement in growth and an increase in feed efficiency, the latter comparing favorably to an all-mash ration containing 3% fat. (3) 3% fat included in pelleted rations brought about an additional improvement in feed efficiency but had no effect on growth, References Arscott, G. H., L, E. Johnson, and J. E. Parker, l955. The use of barley in high-efficiency broiler rations. The influence of methionine, grit, and stabilized animal fat on efficiency of utilization. Poultry Science, 34: Bearse, G. E., L. R, Berg, C. F. McClary, and V. L. Miller, The effect on chick growth and feed efficiency of pelleting rations of different fiber levels. Poultry Science. 31:907. Lanson, R. K., Pellets tops in study of three poultry feeds. Maine Farm Research 2:7-8, Lanson, R. K. and J, R. Smyth, 1955, Pellets as mash plus pellets as mash for broiler feeding. Poultry Science. 34:234-35

4 Table 1. Composition of Experimental Rations Animal fat Ingredient 0% 3% Per cent Corn, ground yellow Prime tallow V Soybean meal, sol., 44% protein 22.0 Fish meal, herring, 70% 5.o Corn gluten meal 3.0 Whey, dried 2.5 Alfalfa meal, sun cured, 15% protein 2.0 DL Methionine (98%) Bone meal, st., sp Limestone flour 1.25 Salt, iodized 0.3 Choline chloride (25%) 0.2 Vitamin A, dry (10,000 U.S.P.U./gm.) 0.05 Vitamin D, dry (1,500 I.C.U./gm.) 0.05 Riboflavin concentrate (8 mg./gm) 0.07 Antibiotic B 12 supplement (2gm, procaine/penicillin & 3 mg. vit. B12/1b.) gm./100 lbs. Manganese sulfate (70%) 18.1 Ca pantothenate concentrate (70.5 mg:/gm0 3.6 Niacin 1.0 Sulfaquinoxaline 7.1 1/ ItCalogen U stabilized with UTenox R.11

5 Table 2. Pellets and Fat in Broiler Rations Treatment Average data Feeding method Fat, Bodyweight ]/Survivors Feed/unit Performance no. weight 2/ efficiency Z/ % Grams Pounds Pounds Mash 0 1 1, , , Av.. 1,256 (2.76) Mash 3 1 1, , , Av. 1,287 (2.83) Pellets 0 1 1, ,347 5o , Av. 1,32 (2.93) Pellets 3 1 1, , L' Av. ];) (2.95) / Treatment L.S.D. (.05) = 100 gms. 2/ Treatment L.S.D. (.05) = 0.24 lbs. 3/ PE = (Bodyweight lbs.) 2 X 100. Feed Consumption lbs.