GENETIC VARIATION FOR GRAIN MINERAL CONTENT IN BREAD WHEAT

Transcription

1 GENETIC VARIATION FOR GRAIN MINERAL CONTENT IN BREAD WHEAT Results of multi-environment trials INRA-Limagrain joint programme F.-X. Oury, F. Balfourier, G. Charmet INRA, UMR ASP, 234 av du Brézet, F Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France F. Leenhardt, C. Rémésy INRA, U3M, Theix, F Saint Genes Champanelle, France E. Chanliaud ULICE, ZAC des portes de Riom F Riom Cedex, France B. Duperrier Mais Angevin-Nickerson SA, Domaine de Mons, BP 115, F Riom, France

2 Interest of wheat products in the coverage of mineral requirements (whole flour ~35% of energy in diet ) content/100g Supply/day % supply Thiamine B1 1.1 mg 1.3 mg 85 % Niacine B mg mg 18 mg 42 % Folates B9 120 µg 330 µg 36 % Phosphore 680 mg 750 mg 90 % Magnesium 287 mg 420 mg 68 % Fer 10.8 mg 9 mg 120 % Zinc 7.5 mg 12 mg 62 %

3 STUDIED MATERIALS: * TRIAL ASG-1 (2002) 6 genotypes * 4 sites (Biozat, Châlons, Chartainvilliers, Clermont) * TRIAL ASG-2 11 genotypes * 3 years (2001, 2002 et 2003) * TRIAL IS (inter-stations INRA 2002) 51 advanced lines from INRA breeding programme 3 locations: Clermont, Le Moulon & Rennes COLLECTIONS (raw data from various sets of genotypes * locations * years, evaluated either in nursery or plot trials) Measured minerals: Iron - Zinc - Magnésium

4 Genotype and environment main effects on mineral content (ANOVA: F values) Df Yield Magnesium Zinc Iron ASG-2 Year ** 5.5 * 1.7 NS 6.6 ** Génotype **** 13.7 **** 3.1 * 2.1 NS Error 20 IS Location **** 71.8 **** 95.4 **** 28.1 **** Génotype **** 4.8 **** 2.8 **** 1.4 NS Error 100

5 Genotype x Environment interactions (Spearman ranks correlation) Yield Magnesium Zinc Iron IS CF-LM CF-RE LM-RE mean ASG mean

6 Range RANGE of OF magnesium MAGNESIUM CONTENT content FOR in DIFFERENT different TRIALS trials mean cv magnesium content (ppm) extractible magnesium (g/kg of soil) BI CF CH CV CF LM RE ASG-1 trial ASG-2 trial IS trial

7 PARTIAL CONCLUSION (1) Environment main effects can be high for Mg, Zn and Fe. Genotype main effects are high for Mg, moderate for Zn, and non significant for Fe. G x E interactions are low for Mg, moderate for Zn and very high for Fe. Selection seems to be possible for Mg. possible but harder for Zn. illusory for Fe.

8 Relationship between yield and magnesium content RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD AND MAGNESIUM CONTENT magnesium yield (g/ha) EM00107 DI02008 CF99102 DI02006 DI02001 EM99006 EM00264 CF00108 CF99105 EM00074 CF01184 EM01150 CF01216 CF00116 DI01016 CF01085 DI02028 RE01037 EM01288 EM01062 EM00072 DI01022 EM00002 CF00060 EM01063 EM01023 RE99132 RE01092 Soissons Soissons DI00024 CF01196 Qualital EM01271 EM01324 EM99017 DI00010 EM01328 CF99005 EM01024 Shango CF99351 CF00193 DI02032 EM01214 Isengrain Sponsor Ornicar RE01086 Baltimore Uli-3 Renan RE02101 EM01325 DI02021 CF01043 EM00018 RE01015 Soissons Apache EM01216 RE01002 Ble des Domes Ble des Domes Tamaro BGW-2 ASG-1 ASG-2 IS /yield (ha/q)

9 Relationship RELATIONSHIP between BETWEEN yield YIELD AND andmagnesium magnesium CONTENT content trial ASG-1 : correlation = y = x trial ASG-2 : correlation = -0.9 y = x trial IS : correlation = y = x over all the trials : correlation = y = x Ble des Domes Tamaro magnesium content (ppm) Ble des Domes BGW-2 Renan Soissons Apache Qualital Ornicar CF99102 Soissons EM99006 CF99105 CF00193 Uli-3 CF01184 CF00108 Baltimore Sponsor DI02008 CF99351 Isengrain DI02001 DI02006 CF00116 DI01016 EM00264 EM00107 EM01024 Shango Soissons EM01288 RE01037 CF01196 CF01216 EM01150 RE01092 EM00002 CF00060 EM00072 DI02028 EM00074 EM01062 CF99005 RE99132 EM01023 CF01085 DI01022 EM01328 DI00010 DI00024 EM99017 RE01086 EM01324 EM01063 EM01214 EM01325 RE01015 DI02032 EM01271 EM00018 RE02101 CF01043 DI02021 RE01002 EM yield (q/ha)

10 Relationship between yield and zinc content RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD AND ZINC CONTENT zinc yield (g/ha) DI02001 DI02008 EM00107 CF99102 CF01216 EM01288 EM01328 DI01016 CF01196 EM99006 EM01325 CF01184 EM00074 EM00264 EM01271 DI02006 EM01150 CF00108 CF99105 DI01022 DI02028 CF01085 EM99017 EM01023 RE99132 EM01062 EM01024 EM01063 EM01324 RE01037 EM00072 CF00060 CF01043 CF00116 EM01214 CF99005 Soissons CF99351 RE02101 DI00024 EM00002 EM01216 RE01092 DI00010 EM00018 RE01086 CF00193 RE01002 Sponsor DI02021 RE01015 Isengrain DI02032 Qualital Baltimore Shango Soissons Uli-3 Ornicar Renan Apache Soissons BGW-2 Tamaro Ble des Domes Ble des Domes ASG-1 ASG-2 IS /yield (ha/q)

11 Principal component analysis of micronutrients (37.2%)

12 zinc content (ppm) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MINERALS CONTENTS Relationship between the 3 minerals contents n = 51 correlation = 0.64 **** Zn = * Mg DI02001 CF01196 EM01024 CF99351 CF00193 CF99102 EM01325 EM01328 EM01288 DI01016 CF01184 EM99006 CF01216 DI02008 CF00108 CF99105 CF01043 EM99017 EM01023 RE99132EM01150 DI01022 CF00060 CF99005 EM01062 EM00072 DI02028 Soissons CF00116 EM00107 DI02006 EM00074 EM00264 EM01216 RE01002 EM00018 EM01271 EM01214 RE01086 EM01324CF01085 DI00010 DI00024 EM00002 RE01092 RE01037 RE02101EM01063 RE01015 DI02021 DI02032 iron content (ppm) n = 51 correlation = 0.49 *** Fe = * Mg CF99351 DI02008 EM01214 CF00193 CF99102 DI02006 CF01196 CF99105 RE01086 EM01024 RE01092 Soissons RE01037 EM01288 EM99006 CF01216 CF00108 EM01216 RE99132 EM01328 EM00018 CF99005 CF00060CF00116 DI01016 EM01063 EM01150DI02001 CF01184 RE02101 EM01271 EM01325 DI00010 DI01022 EM00074 EM00264 CF01043 RE01015 EM01324CF01085 DI02028 RE01002DI02032 EM99017 EM00072 EM00107 DI02021 EM01023 DI00024 EM01062 EM magnesium content (ppm) magnesium content (ppm) n = 51 correlation = 0.53 **** Fe = * Zn iron content (ppm) DI02008 CF99351 EM01214 CF00193 CF99102 DI02006 CF99105 CF01196 RE01086 EM01024 RE01092 Soissons RE01037 EM99006 EM01288 CF00108 EM01216 RE99132 CF01216 CF99005 CF00060 CF00116 CF01184 DI01016 EM01063 EM00018 EM01150 EM01328 RE02101 EM01271 EM01325 EM00074 DI00010 EM00264 DI01022 RE01015 EM01324 CF01085 CF01043 DI02028 DI02032 RE01002 EM00072 EM99017 EM00107 DI02021 EM01023 DI00024 EM01062 EM00002 DI zinc content (ppm)

13 PARTIAL CONCLUSIONS (2) For Mg, iso-content curves for all three trials show a dilution effect. However the total magnesium uptake from the soil is higher for modern varieties than for landraces or exotic lines. Moreover a significant range of variation does exist within modern material. This figure is also true for Zn although less clear, and even weaker for Fe, which was expected since genotype effect was not significant for this element. All three cations are positively correlated between each other, as well to protein content. Therefore a breeding programme aimed at improving magnesium content is not expected to have negative effect on other minerals.

14 RANGE OF VARIATION OF MODERN LINES VERSUS COLLECTIONS Range of variation of modern lines vs collections modern lines BdDAMAR JF-H4 zinc content (ppm) NSA-1 NSA-1 NSA-1 YUKICHABO BGW 76 JF-H4TIBET26 Soissons BdPOLOGNEr CHARTER CONSUL LOVRIN25 BdDAMAR BINGZHOU95-18 BGW76 Azakaze-K Vilmorin27 Apache Mexique11 THATCHER BdDAMAR BNChinois TEZ.PINTOSp CARALA BdDomes US67115 Mexique11 Azteca67 EXCELSIORYUKICHABO CARALA EAP63A BdDomes BANKUTI1201 KLEIN66 BUCK-ATL. Mexique11 Azteca67 CHARTER BdPOLOGNEr YANFU188 EAP63A TEZ.PINTOSp Azteca67 FRONTEIRA MARQUILLO COMANCHES BANKUTI1201 TEZ.PINTOZp STARING~GB THATCHER LAURA EXCELSIOR Bezostaia1 RdSABANDO KLEIN66 FERTODI293 BUCK-ATL. BdDomes magnesium content (ppm)

15 Advanced backcroos QTL analysis Tanksley and Nelson (1996), TAG 92: Apache:Elite line x donor line Donor line: high micronutrients Azteca67 F1 100-BC1 BC with elite wheat 200 BC2 BC with elite wheat 400 HD-BC2 HD by maize crosses Multiplication Genotyping Field trials and µnutrients analyses 400 HD-BC2 x 300 M 400 plots x 2 loc. AB-QTL analysis regression phenotype/marker

16 PARTIAL CONCLUSIONS (3) The genetic variability observed in the set of modern adapted lines (IS trial) appears to be high for Mg, Zn and Fe, accounting for a large part of the total variability actually observed on broad-base collections. experimental cross CF99102 (high-mg) x EM01216 (low-mg) Genetic resources with high mineral content are often exotic, unadapted lines or old landraces. One can wonder whether this high content is not simply caused by low yield, leading to less dilution (similar to protein content). Advanced backcross population developped from Apache (recurrent) x Azteca67

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18 Bio-accessibility of Mg in bran: genetic variability 100 Taldor (Crouel 2000) Mg solubilisé (en % de la teneur totale) 50 Uli 3 (Allier 2000) Supersoft (M01) BNC 1999 Sponsor (C00) Aligre (Ménétrol 2001) Bonpain (M01) Scipion (M01) Soissons (M01) Duration of solubilisation (min) From F. Lenhardt, J. Abecassis

19 Genotype x environment trial 2002 Blé Noir Chinois Blé des dômes Soissons Shango Uli-3 Qualital

20 GxEG x E INTERACTION interaction for FOR yield YIELD andand magnesium MAGNESIUM (trial (trial ASG-1) YIELD MAGNESIUM CONTENT Spearman ranks correlation = Spearman ranks correlation = 1 genotype ranks genotype ranks yield (q/ha) Shango 2 1 Soissons 1 2 Qualital 3 3 Uli Ble des Domes magnesium content (ppm) Ble des Domes2 2 Qualital 3 3 Soissons 4 4 Uli Shango 6 6 Chalons Clermont Chalons Clermont mean = 76.8 mean = 70.8 mean = mean =

21 Relationship between yield and iron content RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD AND IRON CONTENT iron yield (g/ha) DI02008 DI02006 EM01214 CF99102 CF99105 EM01271 EM01063 CF01216 RE01037 EM01288 CF01196 EM00074 DI02001 RE99132 RE01086 CF00108 EM99006 RE01092 EM00264 EM01150 Soissons EM00107 CF01085 DI01022 CF00060 EM01328 CF00116 DI01016 EM01216 EM01324 RE02101 EM00018 CF99351 DI02028 CF01184 EM01024 EM01325 DI00010 CF99005 DI02032 EM99017 CF01043 CF00193 EM01062 EM01023 DI02021 EM00072 RE01015 DI00024 Qualital RE01002 Baltimore EM00002 Sponsor Isengrain Renan Apache Soissons Ornicar Shango Uli-3 Soissons Tamaro Ble des Domes Ble des Domes BGW-2 ASG-1 ASG-2 IS /yield (ha/q)

22 Relationship between grain % of three cations RELATIONS ENTRE LES TENEURS EN MINERAUX zinc (ppm) effectif = 6 ; coeff. de correlation = 0.94 ** moyenne Mg = 1273 moyenne Zn = 21 Shango Qualital Ble des Domes Uli-3 Soissons fer (ppm) effectif = 6 ; coeff. de correlation = 0.94 ** moyenne Mg = 1273 moyenne Fe = 33.2 Shango Soissons Uli-3 Qualital Ble des Domes magnesium (ppm) magnesium (ppm) fer (ppm) effectif = 6 ; coeff. de correlation = 0.91 * moyenne Zn = 21 moyenne Fe = 33.2 Shango Soissons Uli-3 Qualital Ble des Domes zinc (ppm)

23 Relationship RELATIONSHIP between BETWEEN magnesium MAGNESIUM AND and ZINC zinc CONTENTS contents n = 51 correlation = 0.64 **** mean Mg = mean Zn = 20.5 Zn = * Mg DI02001 zinc content (ppm) EM01024 CF99351 CF01196 CF99102 CF00193 EM01328 EM01325 DI01016 CF01184 EM01288 EM99006 DI02008 CF01216 CF99105 CF00108 EM01150 RE99132 EM01023 CF00060 SoissonsCF00116 EM00107 DI02006 CF01043 EM99017 DI01022 EM01062 EM00072 DI02028 EM00264 CF99005 EM00074 RE01037 EM01216 RE01086 RE01092 EM01214 RE01002 EM01271 EM00002 EM00018 EM01324 CF01085 RE02101 DI00024 EM01063 DI00010 RE01015 DI02021 DI magnesium content (ppm)

24 RANGE OF VARIATION OF MODERN LINES VERSUS COLLECTIONS Range of variation of modern lines vs collections Bezostaia1 iron content (ppm) modern lines BNChinois LOVRIN25 STARING~GB Azteca67 Azteca67 CARALA EXCELSIOR MARQUILLO CARALA TIBET28 JF-H4 BUCK-ATL. Azakaze-K COMANCHES BdDAMAR RdSABANDO KLEIN66 TIBET26 THATCHER BdPOLOGNEr FRONTEIRA BdDAMAR BdDAMAR Mexique11 CHARTER LAURAMexique11 BGW76 TEZ.PINTOZp US67115 TEZ.PINTOSp BdDomesYUKICHABO EAP63A BGW CHARTER 76 BdDomes TIBET26 Soissons YUKICHABO KLEIN66 BdDomes BANKUTI1201 Mexique11 FERTODI293 JF-H4 EAP63A BUCK-ATL. EXCELSIOR BANKUTI1201 YANFU188 BdPOLOGNEr TEZ.PINTOSp Azteca magnesium content (ppm)