Intestinal Microbiota During Life. Overview. Patricia Conway
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1 Intestinal Microbiota During Life Overview Acquisition in the newborn Factors affecting the infant microbiota Describe the successive development Factors affecting the adult microbiota Patricia Conway The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia Bacterial taxonomic composition of human breast milk. Acquisition Maternal and environmental eg hospital, siblings, pets Col 1 month 6 months Vagina Non-elective Elective Infant gut Bacterial families (left) and genera (right) pyrosequencing of the 16S rrna. Cabrera-Rubio et al, 2012
2 Best hit comparison of bacterial phyla in human milk, infants feces and mothers feces. Utilization of human milk oligosaccharides by bifidobacteria Infant strain dedicated HMO metabolism Adult strains deficient for HMO metabolism The percent of sequences assigned to each phyla according to MG-RAST (maximum e-value of 1x10-5, minimum identity of 60%, and minimum alignment length of 45 bp) Ward et al, 2013 Sela & Mills, 2010 Bifidobacteria in breast milk: link with allergy/atopy of the mothers Overview Groenlund et al. Clinical & Exp Allergy 2007; 37: Allergic mothers (atopic or nonatopic) have significantly lower Bifidobacteria in breastmilk Maternal fecal & breastmilk Bifi counts impacted the infants fecal Bifi levels (p = 0.013) Breastmilk bacteria should be considered an important source of bacteria in the establishment of infantile intestinal microbiota n Acquisition in the newborn n Factors affecting the infant microbiota n Describe the successive development Factors affecting the adult microbiota n
3 Microbiota at various sites for mother and infant Figure 3. Changes proportion of bacterial phyla. Fecal microbiota in preterms prior to NEC Impact of gestation time Mai V, Young CM, Ukhanova M, Wang X, et al. (2011) Fecal Microbiota in Premature Infants Prior to Necrotizing Enterocolitis. PLoS ONE 6(6): e doi: /journal.pone
4 Microbiota of infants in Europe & Africa Impact of antibiotics & diet on microbiota Colicky Infants Window of sensitivity around 4-6 months of age Gut microbiota pivotal role in maturation of immune system
5 Overview Acquisition in the newborn Factors affecting the infant microbiota Describe the successive development Factors affecting the adult microbiota Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 09 August 2012 doi: /fcimb The function of our microbiota: who is out there and what do they do? Noora Ottman 1, Hauke Smidt 1, Willem M. de Vos 1,2 and Clara Belzer 1
6 Change in major bacterial groups in the elderly - Can induce an inflammatory response Overview Acquisition in the newborn Factors affecting the infant microbiota Describe the successive development Factors affecting the adult microbiota Mariat et al, 2009 Magrone and Jirillo, 2013 Factors Impacting on Adult Gut Microbiota Diversity differences linked to age and culture Life style choices Medications Diet Stressors Age Institution care or home living Dental health Infection Hygiene Sanitization Urban/rural USA & Europe Luzupone et al 2012
7 Phylum/order-like phylogroups to the microbiota of varying ages Microbiota composition and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. C = centenarians E = elderly Y = young adults Green = centenarians (C) Blue = elderly/senior (S) Yellow = young (Y) Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, Ostan R, et al. (2010) Through Ageing, and Beyond: Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Status in Seniors and Centenarians. PLoS ONE 5(5): e doi: /journal.pone Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, Ostan R, et al. (2010) Through Ageing, and Beyond: Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Status in Seniors and Centenarians. PLoS ONE 5(5): e doi: /journal.pone Microbiota analysis separates elderly subjects based upon where they live in the community. Transition in microbiota composition across residence location is mirrored by changes in health indices. Greater inter-individual variation Cluster according to residence location Composiiton correlates with: - fraility -nutritiion - markers of inflammation - metabolism Green = community; Yellow = day hospital; orange = rehabilitation red = long stay care; purple = young healthy controls. MJ Claesson et al. Nature 000, 1-7 (2012) MJ Claesson et al. Nature 000, 1-7 (2012) doi: /nature11319
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