Molecules Around Me Eriene Oh (6th) Category: Food and nutritional supplements

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1 Molecules Around Me Eriene Oh (6th) Category: Food and nutritional supplements Product Information: Name: Equate s Women s One Daily (Multivitamin) Description: Daily multivitamins especially for women Ingredients: Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide, Ascorbic Acid, Acacia, Ferrous Fumarate, Croscarmellose Sodium, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Contains Less than 2% of: DL Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate, Dicalcium Phosphate,' Zinc Oxide, Stearic Acid, Titanium Dioxide, Dextrin, Hypromellose, Niacinamide, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate, Calcium Silicate, Manganese Sulfate, Polyethylene Glycol, Calcium Pantothenate, Dextrose, Cupric Sulfate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Lecithin, Thiamin Mononitrate, Riboflavin, Vitamin A Acetate, Folic Acid, Chromium Chloride FD&C Yellow 5 Lake, Beta Carotene, FD&C Yellow 6 Lake, Sodium Selenate, Phytonadione, FD&C Blue 2 Lake, Biotin, Cholecalciferol, Cyanocobalamin. Compound Information: Compound 1 Calcium Carbonate Molecular Formula: CaCO 3 Summary: Calcium carbonate is a common substance found in rocks in all parts of the world, and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime, and is created when Ca ions in hard water react with carbonate ions creating limescale. It is commonly used medicinally as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous. Compound 2 Tocopheryl Acetate Molecular Formula:C 31 H 52 O 3 Summary:Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate, is a common vitamin supplement. It is the ester of acetic acid and tocopherol (vitamin E). It is often used in dermatological products such as skin

2 creams. Tocopheryl acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol and provides beneficial antioxidant effects. Tocopheryl acetate is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life. It is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed once it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays. Compound 3 Dicalcium Phosphate Molecular Formula: CaHPO 4 2H 2 O Summary: Dicalcium phosphate, also known as dibasic calcium phosphate or calcium monohydrogen phosphate, is a type of calcium phosphate that is dibasic. It is usually found as the dihydrate, but it can be thermally converted to the anhydrous form. Dicalcium phosphate is mainly used as a dietary supplement in prepared breakfast cereals, dog treats, enriched flour, and noodle products. It is also used as a tableting agent in some pharmaceutical preparations, including some products meant to eliminate body odor. It is used in poultry feed. It is also used in some toothpastes as a tartar control agent. Compound 4 Cupric Sulfate Molecular Formula: CuSO4 Organically Synthesized Summary: Copper(II) sulfate, also known as cupric sulfate or copper sulphate. Copper is an essential trace element for most plant and animal species, including man. Its deficiency is characterized by specific biochemical and pathological lesions. The customary adult daily diet provides adequate copper to prevent signs of deficiency. Both copper deficiency and chronic copper intoxication are relatively rare. Compound 5 Polyethylene Glycol

3 Molecular Formula: C2nH4n+2On+1 Organic since it contains Carbon Summary: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood. This makes for a longer acting medicinal effect and reduces toxicity, and allows longer dosing intervals. Examples include PEG interferon alpha, which is used to treat hepatitis C, and PEGfilgrastim (Neulasta), which is used to treat neutropenia. It has been shown that polyethylene glycol can improve healing of spinal injuries in dogs. One of the earlier findings, that polyethylene glycol can aid in nerve repair, came from the University of Texas (Krause and Bittner). Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used to fuse B cells with myeloma cells in monoclonal antibody production. PEG is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. Lower molecular weight variants are used as solvents in oral liquids and soft capsules, whereas solid variants are used as ointment bases, tablet binders, film coatings, and lubricants. PEG is also used in lubricating eye drops. Category: Healthcare and Medicinal products Product Information: Name: Bayer Women s Aspirin Description: Medicinal product to relieve pain Ingredients: carnauba wax, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hypromellose, lactose, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, mineral oil, polydextrose, powdered cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate, stearic acid, titanium dioxide, triacetin, zinc stearate, Aspirin, Calcium carbonate

4 Compound Information Compound 1 Colloidal Silicon Dioxide Molecular Formula: SiO 2 Inorganic Summary: Silicon dioxide (SiO2), or silica, is known in nature as sand or quartz. It occurs naturally in the earth s crust, and silicates are present in water, animals and plants. Silicates are also consumed as part of the natural human diet. In the pharmaceutical industry, silicon dioxide (also known as colloidal silicon dioxide) has many uses in tablet making: some include as an anti caking agent, adsorbent, disintegrant, or glidant to allow powder to flow freely when tablets are processed. These compounds appear to be biologically inert. Silicon dioxide is generally recognized as safe by the FDA Compound 2 Crospovidone Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n Summary: Crospovidone (cross linked polyvinyl N pyrrolidone, or PVP) is a common, FDA approved inactive ingredient used in the pharmaceutical industry. Crospovidone is often combined with active ingredients in medications and dietary supplements to allow absorption of the active drug. Chemically, crospovidone is an inert and insoluble white to light yellow free flowing powder. It has hygroscopic, or water attracting properties with excellent swelling characteristics. It is this swelling characteristic that makes it useful as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical dosage forms.crospovidone is not absorbed orally. Compound 3 Magnesium Stearate Molecular Formula: Mg(C18H35O2)2 Summary: Magnesium stearate, also called octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt, is a white substance, powder which becomes solid at room temperature. Magnesium stearate is often used as an anti adherent in the manufacture of medical tablets, capsules and powders.

5 In this regard, the substance is also useful, because it has lubricating properties, preventing ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets; magnesium stearate is the most commonly used lubricant for tablets.studies have shown that magnesium stearate may affect the release time of the active ingredients in tablets, etc., but not that it reduces the overall bioavailability of those ingredients.magnesium stearate is also used to bind sugar in hard candies like mints, and is a common ingredient in baby formulas. In pure powder form, the substance can be a dust explosion hazard, although this issue is effectively insignificant beyond the manufacturing plants using it. Magnesium stearate is manufactured from both animal and vegetable oils. Some nutritional supplements specify that the magnesium stearate used is sourced from vegetables. Compound 3 Titanium Dioxide Molecular Formula: TiO2 Nonorganic, because it doesn t contain carbon Summary: Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(iv) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI Generally it is sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food colouring. Compound 4 Aspirin Molecular Formula: C 9 H 8 O 4 Summary: Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti inflammatory medication. Aspirin is used in the treatment of a number of conditions, including fever, pain, rheumatic fever, and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, pericarditis, and Kawasaki disease. Lower doses of aspirin have also shown to reduce the risk of death from a heart attack, or the risk of stroke in some circumstances.there is some evidence that aspirin is effective at preventing colorectal cancer, though the mechanisms of this effect are unclear

6 Category: Personal hygiene and cleaning products Product Information: Name: Windex Original Glass Cleaner Description: A glass cleaner; can be used on glass, windows, mirrors and more. Ingredients: Water, Isopropyl Alcohol, 2 Hexoxyethanol, Videt EGM, Sodium C14 17 Sec Alkyl Sulfonate, Ammonium Hydroxide, Propylene Glycol, Mirapol Surf S 210, Fragrance from SC Johnson Fragrance Palette, Liquitint Sky Blue Dye Compound Information: Compound 1 Isopropyl Alcohol Molecular Formula: C 3 H 8 O Summary: Isopropyl Alcohol is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms sometimes shown as (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH.This compound is primarily produced by combining water and propene in a hydration reaction. It is also produced by hydrogenating acetone.the vast majority of isopropyl alcohol was used as a solvent for coatings or for industrial processes. Isopropyl alcohol in particular is popular for pharmaceutical applications, presumably due to the low toxicity of any residues. Some isopropyl alcohol is used as a chemical intermediate. Isopropyl alcohol may be converted to acetone, but the cumene process is more significant. A tiny fraction produced is consumed for household use and in personal care products. It is also used as a gasoline additive. Compound 2 2 Hexoxyethanol Molecular Formula: C8 H18 O2 Summary: 2 Hexoxyethanol is used as a high boiling solvent and as a chemical intermediate for hexyloxyethyl phosphate and neopentanoate. Not only that, it is also used as a coalescing agent in latex paints and cleaners. There is reason to believe that it may cause CNS depression and kidney injury, severe skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant. Also, the

7 substance may have effects on the blood." It may also be absorbed through skin. Compound 3 Propylene Glycol Molecular Formula:C 3 H 8 O 2 Summary: Propylene Glycol is a colorless, nearly odorless, clear, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste. Not only that, it is also hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. 45% of propylene glycol produced is used as chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. It is used as an humectant, solvent, and preservative in food and for tobacco products, as well as being one of the major ingredients of the liquid used in electronic cigarettes. It is also used in pharmaceutical and personal care products. Compound 4 Sodium C14 17 Sec Alkyl Sulfonate Molecular Formula: C 14 H 29 NaO 3 S Summary: Sodium C14 17 Sec Alkyl Sulfonate is used as permeating agent and wetting agent. Not only that, it is also a cleansing agent and foaming agent in household cleaning. Compound 5 Ammonium Hydroxide Molecular Formula: NH 4 OH Nonorganic, because it does not contain carbon Summary:Household ammonia is dilute ammonium hydroxide, which is also an ingredient of numerous other cleaning agents, including many window cleaning formulas. In addition to use as an ingredient in cleansers with other cleansing ingredients, ammonium hydroxide in water is also sold as a cleaning agent by itself, usually labeled as simply "ammonia". It may be sold plain, lemon scented (and typically colored yellow), or pine scented (green). Commonly available ammonia that has had soap added to it is known as "Cloudy ammonia".