Quality of the United States Soybean Crop: Dr. Jill Miller-Garvin, Dr. James Orf, and Dr. Seth Naeve

Transcription

1 Quality of the United States Soybean Crop: 2014 Dr. Jill Miller-Garvin, Dr. James Orf, and Dr. Seth Naeve 1

2 OUTLINE Part 1: 2014 Growing Season Part 2: Historical Protein and Oil Variation Part 3: Survey Results Survey and Analysis Methods Results: Protein, Oil, and Seed Size 2

3 Soybean, Corn, and Wheat in the US (planted ha) Soybean Corn Wheat 36 Planted area (ha)

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5 Part Growing Season 5

6 The early season 2014: The more northern states in the Midwest were wet & cool in April/May, but the more southern states were drier and near normal or slightly above for temperature 6

7 The mid season 2014: Most of the soybean growing region experienced above normal precipitation during June-August 7

8 The mid season 2014: and below normal temperatures 8

9 US Soybean Planting and Harvest Progress % of US Crop Planted or Harvested by date /25 5/25/9 5/16 5/235/30 6/6 6/136/ Planting Progress '09-'13 Average 2014 Harvest Progress '09-'13 Average 6/27 7/48/22 8/29 9/59/12 9/19 9/2610/3 10/10 10/17 10/24 Day of the Year source: USDA NASS 9

10 Illinois - 15 MMt 10

11 Iowa 13.7 MMT 11

12 Minnesota 8.3 MMT 12

13 Indiana 8.1 MMT 13

14 Part 2 Historical Protein and Oil Variation 14

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18 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND OIL Location specific environmental impacts (like soil type and other geographical traits) affect long term quality trends However, annual variation in weather patterns affects year over year variation in soybean quality Rainfall patterns appear to have the greatest impact on soybean quality Grain yield can be either positively correlated or negatively correlated with grain quality 18

19 Part Survey Results 19

20 2014 Survey Methods In August, sample kits were mailed to 5,000 U.S. soybean producers, based on soybean production by state By Oct. 27, 1,300 samples were returned for analysis

21 Description of Data Collection Process Moisture on each sample was recorded immediately after receiving them Seed size/weight was determined by counting and weighing 1000 seeds from each sample Seed size/weight is expressed on a grams per 100 seeds basis Foreign Material is expressed as the weight of all non-soybean material on a % basis

22 Samples were analyzed for protein and oil concentration by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) using a Perten diode array instrument 2014 Survey Methods: Protein and Oil Average protein and oil values were determined by state Regional and U.S. average values were determined by weighting averages based on estimated 2013 production 22

23 Region Number of Samples Protein (13%) Change from 2013 Oil (13%) Change from 2013 Seed Weight (g/100 seeds) Change from 2013 US Average 1, Average 2014 Crop US average US average values weighted based on estimated production by state, as estimated by USDA, NASS Crop Production Report (October, 2014) 23

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25 Region Number of Samples Protein (13%) 2014 Change from 2013 Oil (13%) 2014 Change from 2013 Seed Weight (g/100 seeds) 2014 Change from 2013 Western Corn Belt Eastern Corn Belt Midsouth Southeast East Coast Regional average values weighted based on estimated production by state, as estimated by USDA, NASS Crop Production Report (October, 2014) 25

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36 BETTER MEASURES OF THE VALUE OF SOYBEANS Soybeans and soybean meal have been valued (primarily) based on a measure of protein called crude protein Animal feeding trials have repeatedly shown U.S. soybeans produce a superior meal, based on feed conversion and efficiency measures Crude protein is probably not the best measure of a soybean (or a soybean meal s) value? 36

37 Protein % (sum of amino acids [13% basis]) Amino Acid Protein vs Crude Protein via HPLC Slope = 0.88% / % Crude Protein % (13% basis) 37

38 Sum of 5 EAA's (Lysine, Methionine, Cysteine, Threonine, and Tryptophan) (% of all AA's) Sum of 5 essential amino acids vs seed protein US Brazil Argentina Seed Protein (% on a 13% basis) 38

39 Region Number of Samples Protein (13%) Lysine (% 18AAs) 2014 Change from EAAs (% 18AAs) 2014 Change from 2013 Western Corn Belt Eastern Corn Belt Midsouth Southeast East Coast Regional average values weighted based on estimated production by state, as estimated by USDA, NASS Crop Production Report (October, 2014) Five essential amino acids: cysteine, lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan 39

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42 2014 AMINO ACID RESULTS The protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the 5 critical amino acids than is the protein in higher protein samples 30% of samples (390) with the HIGHEST protein (mean 35.8) had LOWEST sum of 5 EAAs = 14.5 (% of AA s) 30% of samples (390) with the LOWEST protein (mean 32.7) had HIGHEST sum of 5 EAAs = 14.8 (% of AA s) 42

43 OTHER CONSTITUENTS VARY AS WELL Other proteins Trypsin inhibitors, Urease, and other antinutritionals Carbohydrates Fiber Starch Soluble Sugars (Sucrose, Stachyose, and Raffinose) Fatty acids Isoflavones Many other functional constituents 43

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45 SUMMARY The US is expected to produce a 107 MMT soybean crop in 2013 (17% increase over 2013) Record yields are expected from a record US production area Overall, protein and oil concentrations decreased slightly over 2013 values The average soybean in 2014 had lower protein content than the long-term average, but it possessed similar oil levels While protein levels decreased slightly throughout the US, oil levels tended to be lower in the Northwest and increased in the Southeast Amino Acids remained stable across years 45

46 QUESTIONS? 46

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