WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT MICROPLASTICS?
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1 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT MICROPLASTICS? SOURCES, FATE AND EFFECTS BETHANIE CARNEY ALMROTH, PHD, ASSOC PROF, ECOTOXICOLOGY
2
3 What are microplastics? Microplastics are small pieces of plastic. Size. Sources. Primary microplastic Pre-production pellets Personal hygiene products Fleece clothing Industrial scrubbers Secondary microplastic Breakdown products. Paint chips, plastic bags, fishing gear, etc.
4 What are microplastics? 1. Different polymers 2. Non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) 3. Additive chemicals 4. Polymer matrix, environmental contaminants 5. Different forms, sizes, concentrations 6. Microbes; bacteria, microalgae
5 Sources? Production Goods Waste Pellet spill Littering Leakage fom waste handling
6 Sources? 4086 pellets /hr, app /day Figure S9: Handling and spill of fluff material at transportsite 4 (T4). Results from measurements of pellets on beaches in the area. The height of the yellow bars are relative to the number of pellets found per hour and person. White squares show examined sites where no pellets were found (Map adapted from Googlemaps). Figure S12: Trail of pellets in a stormwater inflow to the creek Norums å from the handling and transport site at Munkerod.
7 Sources? Eunomia, 2016
8 Sources? IUCN, 2017
9 Fate? DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND
10 Fate? DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND
11 Fate? DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND
12 Fate? DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND
13 Fate? DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND
14 Fate? Tap water 4.3 fibers/l Indoor environments 355 fibers/m 2 /day Textile factory fibers/m 3 Control water 1.7 fibers/l Air exposed water 15 fibers/l Rist et al, 2018
15 Effects? Particle effect Chemical effect Life + Mermaids Giedre Asmonaite
16 Effects? Particle effect o Physical damage, abrasion o Blockage of gastrointestinal tract o Impaired food uptake o False satiation
17 Effects? Particle effect Polystyrene nanoparticles are taken up through food chain o Less active, lack of exploration o Reduced feeding successs o Changes in brains (Mattsson et al EST 2015)
18 Effects? Particle effect o Are microplastics taken up? Tobias Lammel, 2017
19 Effects? Particle effect o Are microplastics taken up? Jamec et al 2016 Watts et al 2015
20 Effects? Particle effect estrogens pesticides dioxins Chemical effect phthalates PAHs antibiotics PCBs metals Bethanie Carney Almroth, PhD.
21 Effects? Particle effect Chemical effect
22 Effects? Particle effect Chemical effect
23 Effects? Particle effect Chemical effect o Effects in lipid metabolism o Effects in growth o Reproductive effects o Changes in behavior o Immunotoxic effects o Changes in detoxification mechanisms o Endocrine disruption o Thyroid effects o Cancerogenic effects o Neurotoxic effects
24 Effects? Chemicals affect human health Neurobehavioral disorders (e.g. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) Congenital malformations Impaired semen quality Prostate cancer Testicular cancer Diabetes Obesity Breast cancer Adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g. preterm birth and low birth weight) Endometrial cancer
25 Rist et al, 2018 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND
26
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