Pesticide Safety. Protecting Yourself. Risk Management and Safety Camp Auburn Road Safety Annex 971 Camp Auburn Road Auburn University, Alabama

Transcription

1 Pesticide Safety Protecting Yourself Risk Management and Safety Camp Auburn Road Safety Annex 971 Camp Auburn Road Auburn University, Alabama 1

2 Pesticides Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides 2

3 The Good Old Days? 3

4 Where We Have Come Rrom 4

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8 Where We Are Now More Regulatory Control Safer Chemistry Better Equipment Better Application Techniques Better PPE and more frequent use of PPE Education 8

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10 Pesticide Definition A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest or functions as a plant regulator. 10

11 Types of Pesticides Insecticide Herbicide Acaricide Molluscicide Rodenticide Avicide Fungicide Piscicide Nematicide Miticide Repellent Attractant Growth Regulator Bactericide 11

12 Pesticides By their very nature, most pesticides create some risk to humans, animals, or the environment because they are: designed to kill or otherwise adversely affect living organisms. 12

13 Pesticides At the same time, pesticides are useful to society because of their ability to: kill potential diseasecausing organisms and control insects weeds and other pests. 13

14 Restricted Use Pesticide General Use Pesticide Pesticide Product Classification 14

15 Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) 15

16 Reason for RUP Toxicity to mammals Type of formulation Way the pesticide is used Potential for environmental harm 16

17 General Use Most pesticides are general use not restricted use. Many if not most homeowner products have the same active ingredient as professional products. Difference is concentration and maybe some of the ways used. 17

18 Toxicity of Pesticides Toxicity capability of a substance to cause injury or death. How poisonous it is! 18

19 HAZARD The probability that an injury will result from the use of the pesticide (involves both toxicity and exposure). 19

20 Risk? Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure 20

21 What is a Formulation How a pesticide is packaged. Contains: Active Ingredient Inert Ingredient 21

22 Types of formulations Wet More easily absorbed Dry More easily inhaled 22

23 Liquid Formulations EC emulsifiable concentrate S - soluble ULV ultra low volume F or FL - flowables ME micro-encapsulated 23

24 Dry Formulations WP Wettable powder DF Dry Flowable WDG Water Dispersable Granule D - Dust P or G Pellets or Granules M or ME Micro-Encapsulated 24

25 Effects of Different Formulations Formulation Hazards Phytox Equipment Agitate Compatible WP Inhale Safe abrasive Yes High DF/WDG Safe Safe abrasive Yes Good SP Dusts Safe Non-abrasive Some Fair EC Dermal Maybe Seals, gaskets No Fair F or FL Dermal Maybe abrasive Yes Fair S Dermal Safe Non-abrasive No Fair D Inhale Safe NA NA NA G or P Inhale Safe NA NA NA M or ME Dermal Safe Generally ok Yes Fair 25

26 Pesticide Labels 26

27 Pesticide Labels Type of Pesticide (usually listed on front panel) Insecticide Fungicide Herbicide Algaecide 27

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31 Information on Labels Ingredient statement Name & address of registrant Brand or trade name Net weight or measure of content Classification - Restricted or nonclassified Signal Word Registration & establishment numbers Directions for use Other information 31

32 Pesticide Labels Parts of Label Brand, Trade or Product Names and common names Tempo = cyfluthrin Daconil ZN = chlorothalonil Banvel = dicamba 32

33 Pesticide Labels Registration Number Appears on most pesticide labels Indicates the pesticide has been approved by the federal government. Establishment Number Identifies the facility that produced the product. Appears either on pesticide label or container 33

34 Pesticide Labels Directions for Use Instructions on how to use the pesticide pests controlled site the product can be applied to proper equipment to use rate of application mixing directions phytotoxicity 34

35 Pesticide Labels General Environmental Statements Reminders of common sense actions to follow to avoid contaminating the environment. 35

36 Pesticide Labels Special Toxicity Statements Included on the label of products known to be especially hazardous to wildlife. Examples: This product is highly toxic to bees This product is toxic to fish This product is toxic to birds and other wildlife 36

37 Pesticide Labels Physical or Chemical Hazards Not on all labels Specifies if there are any special fire, explosion, or chemical hazards posed by the product. Examples: Flammable - Do not use, pour, spill or store near heat or open flame Corrosive - Store only in a corrosion-resistant tank 37

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39 Pesticide Labels Reentry Statement Specifies how much time must pass before people can reenter a treated area. Can be hours or days. Most homeowner products use keep off until dry. 39

40 Pesticide Labels Specific Action Statements Recommend specific action that should be taken to prevent poisoning accidents. Examples: Do not breathe vapors or spray mist. Do not get on skin or clothing. Do not get in eyes. 40

41 USE SITES Specific Area Where pesticide used. Must be listed on label to use on that area. Can be broad areas such as Lawns and vegetables gardens. Can get very specific such as Bermuda lawns and eggplant. Pesticide Labels 41

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44 Safety Data Sheets Provide details on both acute and chronic exposures. Provides basis for protective gear (PPE) 44

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47 Acute and Chronic Toxicity Acute Exposure Immediate effects of a single, short term dose. All routes are considered during testing including dermal, oral, eye and inhalation 47

48 ACUTE POISONING Occurs from oral intake, skin exposure, and breathing (inhalation). Usually occurs within 12 hours of exposure. 48

49 Chronic Poisoning Arises from repeated exposure to doses of pesticides. Usually from small doses over an extended time period. 49

50 Early Pesticide Poisoning Symptoms Fatigue Headache Dizziness Blurred vision Diarrhea Excessive sweating Nausea & vomiting Stomach cramps 50

51 Measuring Toxicity LD 50 51

52 Some Common Oral LD 50 Values Sugar (sucrose) 29,700 Alcohol 14,000 Trimec 6,700 Glyphosate (Roundup) 5,600 Atrazine 3,090 Salt (sodium chloride) 3,000 Imidacloprid (Premise) 2,590 Cyfulthrin (Tempo) 1,271 Aspirin 1,000 Chlordane 450 Ammonia 350 Caffeine 192 Chlorpyrifos 135 Arsenic (arsenic acid) 48 Nicotine 1 Aldicarb (Temik) 0.93 Dioxin (TCDD)

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54 Signal Words Danger-Poison (I) Danger (I) Warning (II) Caution (III) Caution (IV) 54

55 ..Signal Words... Indicate the relative toxicity of a pesticide 55

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58 Routes of Exposure 58

59 Rates of Absorption 59

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61 Pesticide Poisoning 61

62 Injuries Mixing and Loading 60% of injuries Application makes up less than ½ (38%) Over ½ (57%) of injuries are systemic. About 25% are eye injuries 62

63 Protecting your Body! Skin Eyes Ingestion Inhalation 63

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67 Coveralls For Toxicity Class III or IV Cotton (tight weave), Kleenguard coveralls For Toxicity Class (II) Possibly cotton, Tyvek. For Toxicty Class I PVC, Nitrile, Tychem, sealed or serged seams. 67

68 Woven Materials Laminated vs. Woven 68

69 PVC Polyethylene coated Tyvek 69

70 Gloves Want unlined gloves! Do Not Wear Leather Gloves! Do Not Wear exam gloves! Check for holes often! Want 14 mils or higher! 70

71 Glove Material Nitrile Good overall protection Neoprene Softer, better dexterity Natural Rubber Use only on dry or water based formulations Butyl For High Toxicity Pesticides PVC Anyhydrous ammonia Viton Superior Protection 71

72 Glove Material Classification A---Any dry or water based pesticide formulation. B---Any pesticide with acetate as the carrier solvent. C---Any pesticide with alcohol as the carrier solvent. Example - Comite D---Any pesticide with halogenated hydrocarbons as the carrier. E---Any pesticide with ketones (such as acetone) as the carrier solvent. Example - Poast Plus, Weedone 638, 2,4-D LV 6 Ester F---Any pesticide with ketone and aromatic petroleum distillate mixtures as the carrier solvent. Example - Di-syston 8 G---Any pesticide with aliphatic petroleum distillates ( such as kerosene, petroleum oil or mineral oil as the carrier solvent. Example - Guthion 2L H---Any pesticide that has aromatic petroleum distillates (such as xylene) as the carrier solvent. 72

73 Gloves 73

74 Protecting Your Head Straw Hat? No. Yes! Ball Cap? No..No 74

75 Eye Protection Goggles Face Shields Safety Glasses But never wear contacts when spraying pesticides!!! 75

76 R e s p i r a t o r s 76

77 Heat Stress While Spraying Pesticides Pesticide users are at higher risk More clothing Toxic environments Other stress factors Hard work More exposed to sun Difficult to drink water 77

78 Heat Exhaustion Overheating of the body due to excessive loss of water or, in rare cases, salt depletion. Symptoms include: thirst headache pallor dizziness possibly nausea or vomiting in severe cases, your heart may race and you may feel disoriented. 78

79 Heat Stroke Body's thermoregulatory system stops working. Many of the symptoms are the same as for heat exhaustion. But there are additional symptoms: cessation of sweating, difficulty walking, disorientation and fainting or; unconsciousness. 79

80 Heat Stroke can permanently damage your health If you get heatstroke once, you may be likely to get it again. 80

81 First Aid For Heat Exhaustion Stop what you are doing and get out of the sun-preferably into an air-conditioned building. Drink water or, better still, a sports beverage, taking it slowly rather than gulping it down. If you don't feel better within 30 minutes, go to a hospital emergency room. 81

82 First Aid For Heat Stroke Key symptom to look for is disorientation. A person who is functioning well mentally isn't in danger. Someone who's becoming "jelly brained is in trouble. Pack ice around the patient s neck, armpit and groin. Splash water on the skin, and fan them. Elevate the legs. If the person is conscious, give plenty of fluids--1 to 2 quarts--preferably a sports beverage, but water's fine. The person will probably be nauseated and may not want to drink anything, but fluids are essential. 82

83 Preventing Heat Injuries Drink water (1 quart per hour when hot!) Eat to replace electrolytes Rest breaks! Acclimatize! Watch for low humidity. You may not appear to be sweating but it is evaporating. You become less cautious 83

84 Heat Injuries Look Like Pesticide Injuries Heat Injuries Sweating Headache Fatigue Dry Membranes Dry Mouth No tears or spit Fast pulse Dilated pupils Confusion Loss of coordination Pesticide Injuries Sweating Headache Fatigue Moist Membranes Salivation, spit, tears Slow pulse Pinpoint Pupils Confusion Loss of coordination 84

85 Be Safe 85