Diversity of macro-fungi from Halimun- Salak National Park and its prospect as nutriceutical and medicines. Hesti L. Tata & Enny Widyati

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Diversity of macro-fungi from Halimun- Salak National Park and its prospect as nutriceutical and medicines. Hesti L. Tata & Enny Widyati"

Iris Blankenship
5 years ago
Views:

1 Diversity of macro-fungi from Halimun- Salak National Park and its prospect as nutriceutical and medicines Hesti L. Tata & Enny Widyati R&D Center for Forest Conservation & Rehabilitation R&D Center for Forest Productivity 2 nd INAFOR, Jakarta AUGUST 2013 Diversity of fungi in the world is estimated about 1.5 million species. Fungi play important role in the ecosystems as decomposer, soil biogeochemical, mutual symbiont with plants VS parasite. Fungi are also have economic value as biocontrol, medicine, fermentation agent and food. Edible fungi wild and cultivation provide food for humankind. 1

2 Some fungi are found contain bio-active compound as anti-cancer, anticholesterol & anti-virus and bacteria. Information about medicinal fungi of Indonesia is very limited. Nutriceutical refers to bioactive compound that can be extracted from fungi; it contains nutrient and medicine that can be used to prevent disease and against disease. To explore diversity of macro-fungi of the Halimun-Salak National Park, To examine the bio- active compounds of some selected speciments that early identified as medicinal fungi 2

Research Site Research on diversity of fungi was conducted in resort Cikaniki and Citalahab of the mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Sukabumi district, West Java.

3 Research Site Research on diversity of fungi was conducted in resort Cikaniki and Citalahab of the mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Sukabumi district, West Java. Two transects were laid on Mt. Kendeng trail and Cimacan trail. Cultivation, Production and market aspects of medicinal fungi were assessed in Bantul and Sleman district, Yogyakarta. METHODS 3

4 1. Inventarization and Identification Sample of fungi was inventarized following purposive sampling method. Each transect (500m long) consisted of 10 sampling plot of 5mx5m. All sporocarps fungi (saprophyte on litter, dead woods and mineral soils) and putative ectomycorhizal fungi in the sampling plots were collected. Morphology of sporocarps and their habitat condition were recorded. Microscopic characters of the mushroom, such as shape and color of spore, were captured using microscope. Fungi were identified according to Largent (1986) and Laessøe & Lincoff (2002). 5 m 2 m 5 m 100 m 2. Soil Analysis Chemical, physical and biology properties of rhizospher soils from the two sites were collected compositely in five plots of each sites. The samples were brought to soil laboratory, for chemical and physical properties analysis: ph, C- org, N Total, P available, cations (N, Ca, Mg, K), and soil texture. Soil microbes population, such as number of bacteria, number of fungi and number of phosphate solubilizing, were also analysed. Analysis were conducted in the Soil Laboratory of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. 4

5 3. Nutrition Content and Active Compounds Several selected mushrooms (edible and medicinal mushroom) were sent to a laboratory to analyse nutrition content, such as carbohydrate, protein and fat. Sub-sample of sporocarps of selected mushrooms were analysed using pyrolisis method through GCMS-pyrolisis machine, in the Chemistry Laboratory of Research and Development Centre for Wood Processing Technology, Bogor. Data Analysis Character and number of fungi were described using descriptive analysis. Soil properties data from the two sites were compared using T-student and analysed using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc.). Nutrition content and bio-active compound of selected mushroom were figured out using descriptive analysis. 5

6 RESULTS & DISCUSSION Diversity of Macro-Fungi No. Code Tentive Identification Family Number Frequency Freq. Rel. (%) 1 P1F1 Geoglossum sp. (Phalus coklat') Gomphaceae P5F3 Laccaria sp. Hydnangiaceae P9F4 Ganoderma sp.5 Ganodermataceae P7F1 Ganoderma sp.4 Ganodermataceae P5F2 Ganoderma sp.3 Ganodermataceae P3F2 Ganoderma lucidum Ganodermataceae P10F4 Ganoderma sp.6 Ganodermataceae P6F1 Ganoderma sp.2 Ganodermataceae P9F1 Trichoglossum sp. (Phalus hitam) Gomphaceae P3F3 Amanita sp. Pluteaceae P8F2 Polyporus sp.5 Polyporacea P8F1 Polyporus sp.4 Polyporacea P3F1 Polyporus sp.3 Polyporacea P2F5 Polyporus sp.2 Polyporacea P2F4 Polyporus sp.1 Polyporacea P10F6 Polyporus sp.6 Polyporacea P10F3 Polyporus sp.8 Polyporacea P10F2 Polyporus sp.7 Polyporacea P6F2 Russula sp. Russulaceae

7 1. Macro-fungi of Cikaniki and Citalahab resort of the Park 19 specimens could be identified into genus and the rests remained unidentified. 31 species of macro-fungi were encountered on the sites. Geoglossum sp. was the most frequently found (relative frequency= 8.82%) in the plot. Three putative ectomycorrhiza fungi encountered in the plots, e.g. Russula sp 1., Russula sp 2., and Laccaria sp. Polyporus and Ganoderma have various species. Ganoderma lucidum ( a medicinal & nutriceutical fungi) was encountered in the plots. According to a local informant: Geoglossum sp. and Trichoglossum sp. can be used as eye tonic drop. 2. Biophysics Condition Growth and development of fungi or mushroom affected by soil characteristics and micro-climate condition. Soils of the two sites have almost similar chemics properties. Soil acidity was relatively high (ph KCl = 4.76 and 2.78), organic C was low, owing to high decomposition rate, and high precipitation. In general, soil chemics properties of Cikaniki-Citalahab resort was categorized good and has high P available content. Population of soil microbes, e.g. bacteria, total fungi and phosphate solubilizing microbes, in the two sites were categorized good. 7

3. Mushroom Utilization Mushroom utilization by local community in Indonesia was very limited. Most people have little knowledge to differenciate between an edible and a poisionous fungus.

Lingshi can be processed as nutriceuticals, herbal drink, tea bags, tonic and capsule. In restaurant, lingshi is served as healthy organic food, such as soup, and fresh herbal drink ( wedang ).

8 3. Mushroom Utilization Mushroom utilization by local community in Indonesia was very limited. Most people have little knowledge to differenciate between an edible and a poisionous fungus. They avoid consume mushroom from the wild. Ganoderma lucidum ( Lingshi ) was encountered on the forest floor. Lingshi is already cultivated widely in Bantul and Sleman district, Yogyakarta province. Lingshi can be processed as nutriceuticals, herbal drink, tea bags, tonic and capsule. In restaurant, lingshi is served as healthy organic food, such as soup, and fresh herbal drink ( wedang ). JEJAMURAN CAFE Cultivated mushroom from Yogyakarta has already established as home industries of lingshi mushroom and other edible mushrooms. 4. Nutrient content Lingshi mushroom contained low fat and high protein Nutrition Amount (% per gram) Carbohydrate 43.0 Protein 26.4 Fat total 4.5 Ash 19.0 Water 6.9 8

Bio-Active Compounds Species Bio-active compounds Role/Benefit Ganoderma lucidum (str. cangkringan) Chavicyl Acetate Levoglucosan antimicrobial Anti-immunodeficiency & anticoagulant Polyporus sp.

cikaniki) Furanone Flemichapparin A 2-Cyclopentadine H-Imidazole, 1-ethyl-2-methyl 1,4-Anhydro-d-Mannitol Antifungal and antibiotic Antifungal Anti aging Biosynthesis regulation Improving liver

9 Bio-Active Compounds Species Bio-active compounds Role/Benefit Ganoderma lucidum (str. cangkringan) Chavicyl Acetate Levoglucosan antimicrobial Anti-immunodeficiency & anticoagulant Polyporus sp.2 Indole Nutrition/suplemen, for preventing cancer cell & tumor Ganoderma lucidum (str. cikaniki) Furanone Flemichapparin A 2-Cyclopentadine H-Imidazole, 1-ethyl-2-methyl 1,4-Anhydro-d-Mannitol Antifungal and antibiotic Antifungal Anti aging Biosynthesis regulation Improving liver activity Ganoderma sp.11 Hydroresorcinol Anti bactery Geoglossum sp. Maltol Furanone Hexanamide (CAS) caproamide Cis-6-Nonenol Inhibit apoptosis neuroblastoma cell Antifungal and antibiotic Organic acid flavor G. lucidum str. Cangkringan contained anti-immunodeficiency and anticoagulant, useful for treating stroke patients. Chalivil acetate compound act as antibiotic. G. lucidum str. Cikaniki contained 2-cyclopendine, as anti-aging. Ganoderma sp.11 contained maltol compound to inhibit apoptosis neuroblastoma cells. 9

Polyporus sp.2 Geoglossum sp. 28/08/2013 According to a local resource person, Geoglossum sp. can be used as eye tonic drop. Pyrolysis analysis showed that Geoglossum sp.

Furanone is known as antifungal and antibiotic. Conclusions Polyporus and Ganoderma were the most dominant genus of soil fungi in Cikaniki and Citalahab resort. Ganoderma sp.

10 Polyporus sp.2 Geoglossum sp. 28/08/2013 According to a local resource person, Geoglossum sp. can be used as eye tonic drop. Pyrolysis analysis showed that Geoglossum sp. contained hexanamide caproamide compound (an organic acid). Polyporus sp.2 contained indole compound, which can inhibit tumor and cancer cells proliferation. Furanone is known as antifungal and antibiotic. Conclusions Polyporus and Ganoderma were the most dominant genus of soil fungi in Cikaniki and Citalahab resort. Ganoderma sp.1 was identified as Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum have bio-active compounds as nutriceutical and medicine. Polyporus sp.2 contained indole, which can protect tumor and cancer cells. Medicinal and edible fungi have a good prospect to be developed as a home industry. Suggestion: Local communities in surroundings Halimun Salak national park shall get training and extension programme in order to improve their awareness and knowledge on mushroom cultivation as well as processing, packaging and marketing. 10

11 Thank you 11

Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015

Grade 08 Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Biology Duration: 2 Hours Part 1 Choose the correct answer and underline it. 1) An infection disease is caused by. a)