Microbiology. Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites

Transcription

1 Microbiology Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites

2 On page C1: What do YOU think? What do you think 8.L.1 means? (look at your section tab) Choose 2 vocabulary words and write a definition and a drawing for each of them.

3 What is Microbiology? Microbiology is a science that explores microscopic organisms. These organisms are called microbes or microorganisms

4 Pathogens are microbes that cause disease. Pathogens These include bacteria, fungi,parasites, and even viruses. When a person is infected by a pathogen, it causes an interruption of normal body functions.makes us sick!

5 Bacteria are prokaryotes They are single celled (unicellular) Bacteria Bacteria can live in a variety of places with or without oxygen, extreme hot, extreme cold Bacteria reproduce through binary fission. This allows bacteria to grow and divide rapidly. We call this exponential growth. Treating bacteria if you have a bacterial infection then a doctor can prescribe you medicine called antibiotics. Antibiotics only fight against bacteria. Common diseases caused by bacteria strep throat

6 Beneficial Bacteria Helps to continue the nitrogen cycle (nitrogen fixation). Decomposition breaking down dead organisms in nature (leaves, animals). Bioremediation fights pollution by helping clean hazardous waste from water and soil, as well as oil spills.

7 Beneficial Bacteria Food bacteria is used in making some foods such as cheese and yogurt. Stilton Cheese Blue Cheese Yogurt Digestion bacteria helps our bodies digest many foods. Genetic engineering bacteria DNA can be used to make insulin, antibiotics, cleansers, insecticides, etc.

8 Bacteria How it looks

9 Bacteria How it looks Rod shaped Round/Sphere Spirals

10 Bacteria How It Reproduces

11 Bacteria Common Diseases Strep throat Pneumonia Whooping Cough Tetanus Food infections E. coli, Salmonella, Diphtheria Cholera Tuberculosis Plague

12 Write your name at the top of your booklet. LearnEd Notebook Choose NC Choose Student Use code 8371

13 Bacteria Growth Under Different Environmental Conditions How do environmental conditions affect the reproduction rate of bacteria? How can a change in these conditions affect the total number of bacteria?

14 Bacteria Growth Under Different Environmental Conditions 1. Describe the method bacteria use to reproduce. 2. What are the best conditions for bacteria to grow and reproduce? 3. What conditions do not help bacteria grow and reproduce?

15 Assume you are starting with 2 E. coli bacteria under ideal conditions where the bacteria reproduce every 15 minutes. Minutes (1hour) (2hours) (3hours) (4hours) Number of E.coli Minutes Number of E.coli

16 Assume you are starting with 2 E. coli bacteria NOT under ideal conditions where the bacteria reproduce every 60 minutes. Minutes (1hour) (2hours) (3hours) (4hours) Number of E.coli Minutes Number of E.coli

17 Reproduction Rate of E. coli in Different Conditions/Environments 550 Number of E. coli Time You will be graphing both ideal and not ideal conditions on the same graph. Start with ideal conditions. Choose a color for your dots and line. Choose a different color for the dots and line of the NOT ideal conditions. Create a color coded key

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19 Bacteria: The Good, the Bad, and the Kinda Gross

20 Viruses Viruses are infectious agents that affect cells of almost all types of organisms. They are the smallest and simplest of all the microbes.

21 Viruses Size comparison to bacteria...

22 Viruses How they look... All viruses contain DNA or RNA. This genetic material is enclosed by a protein shell called a capsid. Many viruses also have an outer membrane surrounding them. Most viruses are shaped like rods or spheres. However some viruses have a very unique appearance.

23 Viruses How they look...

24 Diagram of a T4 Bacteriophage: Viruses How they look...

25 Viruses How they reproduce... Viruses need a host cell to reproduce. The virus will invade a healthy cell and use it to make more viruses. The host cell is usually killed in this process. Once inside the host cell, the virus injects its DNA (RNA) into the cell. The viral DNA takes control and makes copies of itself leading to more and more viruses. The new viruses then burst out of the cell and invade others, over and over...

26 Viruses How they reproduce...

27 Viruses Treatment? Most viruses cannot be treated. A person s immune system must fight it without the typical help of medicines. However, vaccines (immunizations you can get in order to prevent a virus from invading your cells and making you sick) and some anti-viral drugs may be used to control or prevent the spread of viral diseases.

28 Viral diseases are among the most widespread illnesses in humans. Viral Diseases These illnesses range from mild fevers to some forms of cancer and include several other severe and fatal diseases. Transmission of these illnesses varies Some are transmitted by human contact, while others are transmitted through water, an insect bite or are airborne.

29 Some common diseases caused by viruses Viral Diseases... Influenza (flu) Chicken pox HIV West Nile virus SARS Ebola Common cold Measles Zika

30 The Zika Virus Emerges 1. Read the article. 2. On a separate sheet of notebook paper, complete 2-column notes for each numbered paragraph. 3. Write the questions and answers 1-8 on a separate sheet of paper. It can be the same sheet you used for 2-column notes.

31 Viruses Recap (Video and worksheet)

32 Fungi

33 Fungi Fungi are eukaryotic and non-photosynthetic (heterotrophic) organisms. They can be single celled, like yeast, or multicellular, like mushrooms.

34 How do fungi survive? Fungi dine at home simply eating whatever they are growing on. Fungi survive by eating rotting leaves, wood, and other debris along with living tissue of plants and animals. They have the ability to decompose very tough organic material including tree wood and insect exoskeletons...keeping our world free of debris!

35 Where are fungi found? Fungi can be found in soil, on plants, trees, and other vegetation. Fungi are also found on our skin and mucous membranes and in our intestinal tracts.

36 What do fungi look like? Fungi come in many shapes and sizes. Yeast cells are round or look like blobs. Molds are considered filamentous because they form long filaments or thread-like strands of cells called hyphae.

37 What do fungi look like?

38 What do fungi look like?

39 Fungi can reproduce sexually: How does a fungus reproduce? Sexual reproduction involves two cells from different fungi fusing together to form a spore stalk. The spores mature, rupture, and are carried by wind and water to grow other places. Sexual reproduction often occurs when conditions are unfavorable and allows the fungus to easily adapt to the new conditions.

40 How does a fungus reproduce? Fungi can reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction also includes the production of spores by the hyphae. These spores are carried by wind and water to grow in new places. Yeasts reproduce by the process of budding. This simply when the yeast cells duplicate and create new yeast cells. Asexual reproduction happens quickly and helps the fungus to be easily spread.

41 Penicillin, an antibiotic, is made from a fungus. How are fungi beneficial? Breads and doughs are also created with yeast, which is a fungus.

42 How are fungi pathogens harmful? Some fungi can cause disease in plants and animals (including us humans). The symptoms of fungal diseases often depend on the type of infection and where it is located within the body. Fungal infections can be a major issue for humans because the fungi often attack our food sources. This causes competition between healthy cells and the fungus for nutrients.

43 How are fungi pathogens harmful? (This slide is NOT in your notes.) Some fungal infections can be mild, such as a rash or a mild respiratory illness. Some can be severe, like fungal pneumonia or bloodstream infections. Fungi thrive in warm, dark, and humid places like mucous membranes and tissues. Mold spores can also cause mild to severe allergic reactions in some people if they are inhaled.

44 How are fungal infections treated? Most fungal infections can be treated with antifungal creams and medications. Sometimes fungal infections (mostly respiratory) lead to hospitalization.

45 What are some common fungal infections? Ringworm Athlete s foot Thrush Meningitis Valley fever (respiratory) Histoplasmosis Fungal eye infections

46 White Nose Syndrome ats-future-hangs-in-the-balance -as-deadly-disease-spreads/

47 Parasites

48 What is a parasite? A parasite is an organism that lives on a host and gets its nutrients from or at the expense of its host. Parasites can cause diseases in humans. Some parasitic diseases are easily treated and some are not. Most parasitic diseases are found in the tropics and subtropics but parasitic infections also affect people in developed countries.

49 How do parasites spread disease? Vector - mechanism for spreading a disease that is not human. Examples include rats, fleas, ticks, mosquitos, and flies. Diseases by parasites that can be spread: Lyme disease (ticks) Malaria (mosquitos) Zika (mosquitos) Salmonella (rats)

50 What are some parasites that cause disease in humans? Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease. People with malaria often experience fever, chills, and night sweats. Left untreated, they may develop severe complications and die. In 2010, there were an estimated 219 million cases of malaria world wide and 660,000 people died, (91%) in the African Region.

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52 What are some parasites that cause disease in humans? West nile virus (WNV) is most commonly transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. There are not medications to treat or vaccinations to prevent WNV infection. Fortunately, most people affected with WNV will have no symptoms. About 20% of people who are infected will develop a fever with other symptoms. Less than 1% of infected people develop a serious, somtimes fatal, neurologic illness.

53 What are some parasites that cause disease in humans? Ticks are arachnids, relatives of spiders. Ticks live in wooded areas, brushy fields, and around your home. Ticks survive by eating blood from their host. Ticks can pass diseases from one host to the next, including humans. Tick-borne illnesses include Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme Disease.

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55 What are some parasites that cause disease in humans? Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, is a disease that people get by eating undercooked meat from animals infected with the microscopic parasite Trichinella. Taeniasis in humans is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm species Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm). Humans can become infected with these tapeworms by eating undercooked meat. People with taeniasis may not know they have the tapeworm infection because symptoms are usually mild or nonexistent.

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57 Parasite Videos

58 Microbes Tree Map List all 4 microbes: virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites For each microbe: Picture How it is spread? How does it replicate? Examples of diseases (at least 4) Treatment options Any other interesting facts