FORENSIC SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW

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Tyrone Austen Hodges
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1 Introduction to Forensic Science 1) The Crime Scene Investigative team can be divided into a. first responders and field investigative. b. crime lab team and law enforcement. c. first responders and crime lab team. d. law enforcement and first responders. e. field investigative unit and crime lab team. 2) Crime labs consists of a. coroners. b. pathologists. c. police officers. d. detectives. e. forensic scientists. 3) Crime Scene Investigative team is also comprised of a. forensic scientists. b. first responders. c. medical specialists. d. legal and scientific experts. e. law enforcement. 4) A coroner is while a medical examiner is to their position. a. elected / appointed b. appointed / elected c. elected / elected d. appointed / appointed e. assigned / mandated 5) When Law Enforcement considers an individual possibly guilty of a crime. a. Counsel b. Suspect c. Victim d. Perpetrator e. Shooter 1

2 Questions #6-12: using the following options below, correctly identify the correct order of which a Field Investigative Unit would conduct their investigation. 6) Step 1 7) Step 2 8) Step 3 9) Step 4 10) Step 5 11) Step 6 12) Step 7 a. Secure the scene b. Document the scene c. Search for evidence d. Scan the scene e. Secure and collect evidence ab. Separate the witnesses ac. Sketch the scene 13) Which of the following types of evidence carries more legal weight in the court room? a. Indirect b. Known c. Unknown d. Direct e. Circumstantial 14) Which of the following examples of evidence is classified as contact evidence? a. Saliva b. Semen c. Foot impression d. Fibers e. Hair follicle 15) Paint and fibers are examples of a. biological evidence. b. known evidence. c. class evidence. d. individual evidence. e. All of the Above. 16) The identification of evidence answers which question? a. Where did it come from? b. Who is the victim? c. What crime was committed? d. What is it? e. Who is the parent? 2

3 17) Why is a chain of custody necessary? a. Establishes integrity of the evidence b. To ensure the victim a conviction c. Establishes a suspect list d. Reduces possible suspects e. None of the Above Questions #18-23: correctly match the following with the appropriate KEY words. Some answers may have more than one answer; list all that apply. 18) 1st Degree murder 19) Manslaughter 20) 2nd Degree murder 21) Criminally negligent homicide 22) Miranda Rights 23) Vehicular homicide a. Knowingly b. Accidental action resulting in death c. Intent to interview d. Illegal action resulting in the death e. In custody ab. With deliberation ac. Death by a vehicle ad. Recklessly Fingerprints 24) Where was the earliest known usage of fingerprints as identification? a. Europe b. India c. Japan d. China e. Argentina 25) In what layer of the epidermis are fingerprints formed? a. Papillary layer b. Stratum corneum c. Stratum granulosum d. Reticular layer e. Stratum basale 26) Which of the following is NOT part of a fingerprint residue? a. Amino Acids b. Water c. DNA d. Carbohydrates e. Fatty components 3

4 27) Referring to the diagram located right, identify. a. Radius b. Captiate c. Pisform d. Triquetral e. Ulna 28) Referring to the diagram located right, identify a. Radius b. Captiate c. Pisform d. Triquetral e. Ulna Questions #29-32: identify the fingerprints below that were taken from two different suspects LEFT hand from the following selection: a. Plain Arch b. Accidental Whorl c. Radial Loop d. Plain Whorl e. Ulnar Loop ab. Tented Arch ac. Double Loop Whorl ad. Central Pocket Loop Whorl 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) What is the main component in the superglue method of lifting prints? a. Ninhydrin b. Iodine c. Cyanoacrylate d. Magnetic powder e. Diazaflouren 4

5 34) Fingerprints lifted through the ninhydrin method have which color prints? a. White b. Brownish-red c. Yellow d. Black e. Purple-blue 35) Which influential individual is responsible for the foundation of today s fingerprint classification? a. Herschel b. Henry c. Locard d. Dalton e. Bertillon 36) Transfer prints belong to which of the following type of fingerprint? a. Direct prints b. Patent prints c. Plastic prints d. Latent prints e. Circumstantial prints 37) What dictates the type of technique used to lift invisible prints? a. The carbon-based structure of the medium b. The surface c. The carbon-based structure of the fingerprint residue d. The composition of the fingerprint residue e. The chemical composition of the lifting powder 38) Which classification of fingerprints is the rarest of all? a. Central pocket loop whorl b. Double loop whorl c. Plain arch d. Plain whorl e. Accidental whorl 39) Which of the following statements correctly states the reason for fingerprint formation? a. It is hereditary and pre-destined by DNA. b. The fingerprint is pushed from the papillary layer upward as the fetus develops. c. To accommodate rapid skin growth, the layers fold upon itself. d. The skin and amino acids are dissimilar in composition so new skin pushes against the amino acids of the body creating ridge layers. e. All of the Above. 5

6 40) How are fingerprints protected? a. By being situated between upper and lower levels of skin. b. Fingerprints that are easily destroyed because DNA can be coded for the production of new fingerprints. c. By the skeletal system of the body. d. By being padded with carbohydrates and lipids. e. They are not so they are subject to eroding. 41) One friction ridge diverges into two resulting in one continuous ridge and one ridge ending. a. Bifurcation b. Short ridge c. Specialty d. Ridge Ending e. Hook 42) Friction ridge connecting two adjacent ridges. a. Delta b. Dot c. Bridge d. Eye/enclosure e. Ridge Ending Blood Basics and Typing 43) Which of the following does NOT belong? a. A circulating tissue comprised of four main components. b. A fluid aggregation of cells that have similar structure and function. c. A non-viscous fluid subjected to protein transportation and electronconsolidation. d. Solution of various materials in a water-based substance. e. Suspension of insoluble materials carried by water. 44) An allele is a. one or more variations of a particular gene. b. what binds a single strand of DNA open for purposes of replication. c. a biologically important molecule comprised of amine functional group. d. an organized structure of DNA and proteins. e. a linear structure of nucleotides along the segment of DNA that provides coded instruction for RNA 6

7 45) How many alleles for blood type does a human have? a. 3 b. 0 c. 1 d. 2 e. It depends on the blood type. 46) Antigen-A and Antigen-B are considered a. co-dominant. b. incompatible and causes the autoimmune disease Lupus. c. homozygous recessive. d. co-recessive. e. heterozygous recessive. 47) The purpose of leukocytes are a. digestion. b. respiration. c. metabolism. d. defense. e. All of the Above. 48) Why doesn t blood behave like water? a. Because blood doesn t contain a large amount of water. b. Blood has high surface tension and lower surface area than water. c. The varying components which make up blood influence its behavior. d. The adhesion is greater in blood which overrides the exertion of external forces. e. None of the Above. 49) The color of the least dense component of blood is a. straw. b. red. c. colorless. d. gray. e. brown. 50) The ability of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force is known as a. cohesion. b. adhesion. c. agglutination. d. viscosity. e. surface tension. 7

8 51) Terminal velocity is when the force of is equal to. a. gravity / acceleration b. shear / compression c. bending / tension d. acceleration / air resistance e. gravity / torsion 52) Blood typing is classified as which type of evidence? a. Class b. Individual c. Testimonial d. Indirect e. Circumstantial 53) Which blood type is considered the Universal Receiver? a. AB b. O c. A d. B e. A- 54) The process of agglutination is when a. antigens do not recognize other antigens in the blood. b. antibodies recognize incoming antigens as foreign, attacks, resulting in clumping. c. the viscosity of blood decreases due to infection and fever. d. antibodies latch onto other antibodies in the blood. e. the antigens of the donor do not recognize the antibodies of the host and begin to attack the blood recipient. 55) Which test analyzes the presence of biological fluids such as blood? a. Kastle-Meyer b. Briggs-Meyer c. Locard Exam d. Herschel Exam e. Landsteiner s Exam 8

9 Questions #56 63: complete the table below regarding the presence of antibodies and antigens for the various ABO blood types. Use the multiple choices provided. Mark all that apply. a. Antibody-A b. Antibody-B c. Antigen-A d. Antigen-B e. No antibodies present be. No antigens present Express Blood Type O AB A B Antigen Present 56) 57) 58) 59) Antibody Present 60) 61) 62) 63) Questions #64-79: complete the table based on blood transfusions and which blood types will exhibit agglutination, partial agglutination or no agglutination. a. Agglutination b. Partial agglutination c. No agglutination Host Antigens Foreign Blood Type A Foreign Blood Type O Foreign Blood Type AB A 64) 65) 66) 67) B 68) 69) 70) 71) AB 72) 73) 74) 75) O 76) 77) 78) 79) Bloodstain Pattern Analysis 9 Foreign Blood Type B 80) When blood separates from a larger source, it oscillates until it reaches what shape? a. Oblong b. Tear-shape c. Elongated oval d. Sphere e. Oval 81) In what phase has the majority of the droplet s blood been moved into the boundary rim? a. Dispersion b. Impact c. Displacement d. Retraction e. Contact/Collapse

10 82) As the droplet moves in a wave-like fashion, the surface tension causes the fluid, which is still in motion, a. to laterally move from the point of contact. b. up and outward from the point of contact. c. inward towards the point of contact. d. A and B only e. None of the Above. 83) In what category of angles does the angle of impact lead to the formation of protuberances only in the forward edge of the developing rim? a. 80 to 90 b. 70 to 80 c. 60 to 70 d. 50 to 60 e. Less than 50 84) In what phase do protuberances begin to form? a. Dispersion b. Impact c. Displacement d. Retraction e. Contact/Collapse 85) Spikes/spines are defined as a. small extensions of blood attached to the parent droplet. b. the large portion of a droplet. c. smaller droplets derived from larger droplets. d. small mist-like droplets which are created from extreme external force. e. droplets which are independent on the height from which it falls. 86) In what phase does the majority of blood become located in the structure of the boundary rim with a small volume remaining in the central area of the stain? a. Dispersion b. Impact c. Displacement d. Retraction e. Contact/Collapse 87) Satellites are defined as a. small extensions of blood attached to the parent droplet. b. the large portion of a droplet. c. smaller droplets derived from larger droplets. d. small mist-like droplets which are created from extreme external force. e. droplets which are dependent on the height from which it falls. 10

11 88) When blood from one surface is moved to the surface of another, it is known as a. high velocity spatter. b. transfer nonspatter. c. projectile spatter. d. low velocity spatter. e. medium velocity spatter. 89) When the barrel of the gun pulls spatter through its muzzle. a. Weapon Effect b. Draw Back Effect c. Void d. High Velocity Spatter e. Target Surface 90) Bloodstains which occur from the force of gravity and movement such as walking is defined as a. expiration. b. cessation. c. cast-off. d. low velocity spatter. e. projectile spatter. 91) When inertial forces are LESS than surface tension what happens to the droplet? a. Formation of spines, protuberance and/or satellites b. The droplet fully retracts c. Blood laterally displaces d. Blood moves up and outward e. A spherical shape is created 92) A blossom or crown structure is known as a. A structure that forms in the dispersion phase of a 45 angle as blood begins to separate from the parent droplet. b. The distribution of blood that occurs on the outer edges of droplets due to blood pushing outward. c. The formation of an irregular boundary rim. d. The lack of surface tension needed to pull the droplet back into itself. e. When blood disperses up and outward on angles of ) The bear claw structure is known as a. A structure that forms in the dispersion phase of a 45 angle as blood begins to separate from the parent droplet. b. The distribution of blood that occurs on the outer edges of droplets due to blood pushing outward. c. The formation of an irregular boundary rim. d. The lack of surface tension needed to pull the droplet back into itself. e. When blood disperses up and outward on angles of

High 96) What size of stain should a blood reconstructionist expect to see if the velocity was measured at or around 25 ft/s? a. < 1mm b. 1mm 4 mm c. > 4 mm d. 3 mm 6 mm e.

12 94) What phase and angle does the following illustration occur in? a. Impact / 90 b. Contact,Collapse / 45 c. Retraction / 15 d. Displacement / 80 e. Dispersion / 50 95) Blood stains resulting in < 1 mm diameter can occur from which of the following? a. Course b. Fine c. Low d. Medium e. High 96) What size of stain should a blood reconstructionist expect to see if the velocity was measured at or around 25 ft/s? a. < 1mm b. 1mm 4 mm c. > 4 mm d. 3 mm 6 mm e. 4 mm 6mm 97) Beatings and stabbings can create what type of blood pattern. a. Low b. Medium c. High d. Passive e. Smudges 98) When type of stain pattern can produce long spiny protuberances? a. Low b. Medium c. High d. Fine e. Smudges 99) Bloodstain patterns resulting from blood being thrown to a target surface by the motion of the assault weapon is defined as a. passive spatter. b. cast-off. c. drip. d. transfer pattern. e. velocity spatter. 12

100) Identify the angle of impact from the following choices: a. 50 b. 40 c. 30 d. 20 e. 10 Death (2016-Skip this section) 101) Death is defined as a. the cessation of life. b. the irreversible cessation of the circulation of blood c.

13 100) Identify the angle of impact from the following choices: a. 50 b. 40 c. 30 d. 20 e. 10 Death (2016-Skip this section) 101) Death is defined as a. the cessation of life. b. the irreversible cessation of the circulation of blood c. the cessation of all brain function. d. All of the Above. e. None of the Above. 102) When the heart ceases to continue to beat is known as a. lividity. b. algor mortis. c. autolysis. d. stoppage. e. cessation. 103) When the phospholipid bilayer dissolves releasing enzymes along with content into the surrounding tissue is known as a. lividity. b. algor mortis. c. autolysis. d. stoppage. e. cessation. 104) What color does hemoglobin turn when it spills into nearby tissues when the body is dying? a. Red b. Blue c. Pink d. Purple e. Black 13

14 105) Death caused by the interruption and failure of body functions is classified as what type of death? a. Accidental b. Natural c. Suicide d. Homicide e. Undetermined 106) The taking of another s life is classified as what type of death? a. Accidental b. Natural c. Suicide d. Homicide e. Undetermined 107) The reason why someone died is known as a. Manner of death b. Cause of death c. Mechanism of death d. Proximate mechanism of death 108) Death heat is known as which rigor? a. Livor b. Algor c. Rigor 109) The calf is to the thigh. a. distal b. superior c. dorsal d. caudel e. intermediate 110) The eyes are to the heart. a. ventral b. cranial c. caudel d. posterior e. dorsal 111) The kidneys are to the small intestines. a. medial b. proximal c. posterior d. deep e. proximal 14

Unit 7: Blood/ Serology

Unit 7: Blood/ Serology Forensic Serology the examination and analysis of body fluids including: saliva semen urine Blood 1950-1980 s, forensic serology = most important part of lab procedures (until DNA).