Estimation of Total Tract Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Three Annual Winter Forages Using Two Different Digestibility Markers
|
|
- Wilfrid Cunningham
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Estimation of Total Tract Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Three Annual Winter Forages Using Two Different Digestibility Markers D. Henry, C. Njombwa, F. Ciriaco, V. Mercadante, G. Lamb, and N. DiLorenzo 1 When determining total tract digestibility of annual winter forages such as ryegrass, oat, and triticale, utilization of either titanium dioxide or chromic oxide were equally accurate estimators of digestibility. In addition, collection of fecal samples two or three per day also did not differ in their ability to predict total tract digestibility. Summary A study was performed to: 1) compare total tract digestibility of nutrients for three annual winter forages (ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)), ryegrass + oat (Avena sativa), and ryegrass + triticale (Triticosecale rimpau) and 2) determining the efficacy of two digestibility markers: titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) used with a fecal sample collection protocol of either 2 or 3 /d. Twelve Angus and Angus crossbred heifers were utilized in pens of 2 within the Feed Efficiency Facility in Marianna, Fl. Heifers were fed daily fresh cuttings of 1 of the 3 treatment forages ad libitum. A GrowSafe System (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Alberta, Canada) was used to determine feed intake which was used to evaluate dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake of heifers. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the 3 forages for DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF intake. No difference (P > 0.05) was noted for total tract digestibility of the three forages. When evaluating markers and fecal collections, no differences (P > 0.05) were found between the different fecal collection protocols or the 2 digestibility markers. When comparing markers, both TiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 can be used interchangeably along with fecal collections at 0800 and 1600 h. Introduction The digestibility of a feedstuff is a very good indicator of its nutritive value. Measuring digestibility allows researchers to determine the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed within an animal and thus, decide how much of these nutrients are available for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and production of protein such as milk and meat. As it would imply, feeds with high digestibility have a tendency to have higher nutritive values, whereas feeds with low digestibility have a lower nutritive value (Kham et al., 2003). A livestock producer can potentially increase the efficiency of their operation by choosing forage varieties, grains or byproducts, based on the digestibility of the feedstuffs available for consumption by the animals. There are multiple techniques available to evaluate digestibility of feeds. The use of substances that are indigestible within the digestive system of an animal (called digestibility markers) is only one of the methods. Characteristics of a good digestibility marker are: 1) they are strictly non-absorbable; 2) they do not affect nor are they affected by the digestive system or microbial population; 3) they are physically similar to or closely associated with feed material; and 4) methods of estimation in digesta samples must be specific, sensitive, and not interfere with other analyses (Kham et al., 2003). Sunvold and Cochran (1991) found that some markers produced a very accurate estimate of digestibility for some feeds while giving less than desirable results for other feeds. With this inconsistency of feed evaluation, it can be difficult to determine the correct nutritive value of a feed or forage needed to meet maintenance and production requirements of livestock. In the past, Cr 2 O 3 has been intensively used as a digestibility marker. Nevertheless, there have 1 North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
2 been reports that describe carcinogenic effects of Cr 2 O 3 (Myers et al., 2004). As a alternative, TiO 2 is currently being explored as a comparable marker. Previous studies state the effectiveness of TiO 2 as a marker in rats, chickens, pigs, and dairy and beef cattle (Myers et al., 2004 and Titgemeyer et al., 2001). Currently, there is no available data to assess the viability of using titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker in beef cattle fed fresh forages on an ad libitum basis, or to quantify the effect of collecting fecal samples 2 or 3 /d. Therefore, the efficacy of TiO 2 as a marker for these conditions is unknown, limiting its application as a digestibility marker in experiments. Therefore, a study was conducted with objectives to: 1) compare total tract digestibility of nutrients for three cool-season forages, and 2) to determine the efficacy of two digestibility markers, TiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 sampled 2 or 3 /d on estimating digestibility. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), ryegrass combined with oat (Avena sativa), and ryegrass combined with triticale (Triticosecale rimpau) were the coolseason forages evaluated. Materials and Methods Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam cultivar Prine; R), a blend of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam cultivar Prine) and oat (Lolium multiflorum Lam cultivar Prine; OR), and a blend of Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam cultivar Prine) and triticale (Triticosecale rimpau cultivar Trical 342; TR) were the forages utilized in this study. These forages were sown into prepared seedbeds in pastures of 1.75 ac. The forages were sown at a rate of: 31 lbs/ac of ryegrass; 60 lbs/ac of oat combined with ryegrass sown at the rate of 27 lbs/ac; and triticale was sown at the rate of 244 lbs/ac in combination with ryegrass at 15 lbs/ac. All pastures were fertilized twice; the first fertilization was done 28 d after planting at the rate of 50 lbs/ac of N (NH 4 NO 3 ) and 19 lb/ac of S while the second was done after another 28 d from the first fertilization at the rate of 50 lb/ac of N (NH 4 NO 3 ) and 10 lb/ac of S. Forages were allowed 98 d from planting prior to harvesting. Herbage mass estimates were made at the beginning of the study by forage clippings of a 2.69 feet 2 surface in the pasture and are reported in Table 1. In addition, DM, CP, NDF, and ADF concentration of the forages are reported in Table 1. Crude protein was analyzed by a macro nitrogen analyzer (Vario Max CN, Elementar Americas Inc., Mt. Laurel, MJ) and NDF and ADF analysis was performed using an Ankom 200 Fiber Analyzer (Ankom Technology, Fairport, NY). This study was performed using 12 Angus and Angus crossbred heifers. The heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 forage treatments (R, OR, or TR). After grazing for 28 d, the heifers were weighed on d 29 (801 ± 114 lbs of body weight [BW]), arranged by BW, and assigned to pens (2 heifers/pen), randomly, in the Feed Efficiency Facility (FEF) at the North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC) in Marianna, FL. Ad libitum access to water and daily, fresh cut forage of the same treatments the heifers were already consuming were given from d 29 to d 44. Individual forage intake was measured in the FEF using a GrowSafe System (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Alberta, Canada). While in the FEF, the heifers were given 2 digestibility markers via gelatin capsules daily. Daily, 10 g of TiO 2 and 10 g of Cr 2 O 3 were administered orally by a balling gun. Titanium dioxide was analyzed as described by Myers et al. (2004). The method of Williams et al. (1962) was utilized to digest and analyze Cr 2 O 3. Feed samples were collected daily from d 39 to d 43 and fecal samples, collected by rectum grabs, were taken from d 40 to d 44. Daily DM intake measurements were determined by taking the average of 2 daily feed samples at 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Feed samples were dried at 212 F (100 C) for 24 h to obtain a DM weight. Feed samples used for nutritive value (CP, ADF, and NDF) were collected once daily and frozen at -4 F (4 C) until being freeze dried. After the freeze drying process, samples were ground through a 2- mmscreen before analysis. Three samples of feces were taken each d for 5 d at 8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m. To determine if there is a difference between collecting feces 2x and
3 3x/d, composites of each heifer were made for 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., as well as 8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m. For this study a split-split plot design in which the whole plot tested the forage treatment effect, the split plot tested the fecal collection schedule (2x vs. 3x) and the split-split plot tested the marker effect (Cr 2 O 3 vs. TiO 2 ) using heifer as the experimental unit. The data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. All values reported are least square means and significance was declared if P < Results Daily nutrient intake of the heifers was estimated during the study (Table 2). There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the 3 forages for DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF intake. The intakes of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF were 10 lbs/d, 8.9 lbs/d, 1.7 lbs/d, 4.5 lbs/d and 2.2 lbs/d, respectively. No difference (P > 0.05) was noted for total tract digestibility of the 3 forages. On average for the 3 forages (R, OR, and TR), the DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility in the total tract were 59%, 61%, 60%, 49%, and 35%, respectively. Neither the different fecal collection protocols nor the 2 digestibility markers had significant effects (P > 0.05) on total tract digestibility (Table 3). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) within the TiO 2 analysis for the 2 fecal collection protocols (2 and 3 daily). Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was found within the Cr 2 O 3 for the 2 fecal collection procedures. No interactions (P > 0.05) were found between the markers and forage. Conclusion As indigestible markers, both TiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 can be used to evaluate the digestibility of winter forages. When measuring the total tract digestibility of winter forages, it is sufficient to collect fecal samples only twice per d (8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.). This eliminates further stress placed upon the cattle by removing the 12:00 p.m. handling to collect another fecal sample. Overall, when comparing markers, both TiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 can be used interchangeably along with fecal collections in the morning and afternoon. Further research is needed with digestibility markers such as internal markers to compare with the data presented in this report. Literature Cited Kham et al., Int. J. Agri. Biol. 5:1560. Myers et al., J. Anim. Sci. 82:179. Sunvold and Cochran, J. Anim. Sci. 69:4951 Titgemeyer et al., J. Anim. Sci. 79: Williams et al., J. Agr. Sci. 59:381.
4 Table 1. Composition, yield and analyzed nutrient content of the winter annual pastures used. Treatment 1 Item Ryegrass 2 ryegrass 3 ryegrass 4 Oat + Triticale + Herbage mass at the beginning of digestibility phase, lbs DM/ac 2,012 3,086 4,631 Botanical composition, % of total herbage mass DM 5 Triticale Ryegrass Oat Weeds Analyzed composition, % of DM DM CP NDF ADF Three 1.73 ac pastures were planted on a prepared seedbed for each treatment. Pastures were planted on November of 2010 and fertilized 28 d after planting with 51 lbs/ac of N (NH 4 NO 3 ) and 20 lbs/ac of S. A second fertilization with 51 lbs/ac of N (NH 4 NO 3 ) and 10 lb/ac of S took place 56 d after planting. 2 Seeding rate = 31 lb/ac of Lolium multiflorum Lam cv. Prine. 3 Seeding rate = 60 lb/ac of oat (Avena sativa cv. Horizon 201) plus 27 lb/ac of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam cv. Prine). 4 Seeding rate = 244 lb/ac of triticale (Triticosecale rimpau cv. Trical 324) plus 15 lb/ac of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam cv. Prine). 5 Average of three 2.7 ft 2 samples taken from each 1.73 ac pasture.
5 Table 2. Nutrient intake and digestibility by heifers fed winter forages, using Cr 2 O 3 or TiO 2 as indigestible marker and under two fecal sampling protocols. Treatment 1 Item Ryegrass Oat + ryegrass Triticale + Forage ryegrass SEM 2 treatment P-value Sampling Sampling protocol 3 Marker 4 marker 5 Intake 6, lb/d DM OM CP NDF ADF Digestibility, % DM OM CP NDF ADF Winter forages were cut fresh every day from 1.73 acre pastures at 8:00 a.m. and offered ad libitum. 2 Pooled standard error of treatment means, n = 4 heifers/treatment. 3 Effect of fecal sample collection protocol: 2 samples per day (8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.) vs.3 samples/d (8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.). 4 Effect of indigestible marker used to calculate apparent total tract digestibility: 10 g/d of each Cr 2 O 3 and TiO 2 were dosed once daily at 12:00 p.m. in two separate gelatin capsules. 5 Sampling protocol indigestible marker interaction. 6 Intake during the 5-d digestibility measurement period of the experiment. Table 3. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients measured using Cr 2 O 3 or TiO 2 as indigestible markers in heifers fed three winter forages. Marker 1 P-value Item Cr 2 O 3 TiO 2 SEM 2 effect forage 3 Marker Marker Digestibility, % DM OM CP NDF ADF Heifers were dosed once daily with 10 g/d of both Cr 2 O 3 and TiO 2 once daily at 1200 h in two separate gelatin capsules. 2 Pooled standard error of treatment means, n = 4 heifers/treatment. 3 Effect of interaction between forage consumed (ryegrass, oat + ryegrass, or triticale + ryegrass) and marker used.
F. M. Ciriaco, D. D. Henry, V. R. G. Mercadante, T. Schulmeister, M. Ruiz-Moreno, G. C. Lamb, N. DiLorenzo
Effects of Supplementation with a Mixture of Molasses and Crude Glycerol on Performance and Total Tract Digestibility of Beef Heifers Consuming Bermudagrass Hay F. M. Ciriaco, D. D. Henry, V. R. G. Mercadante,
More informationEffects of Chitosan on Enteric Methane Production and Nutrient Digestibility of Beef Heifers
Effects of Chitosan on Enteric Methane Production and Nutrient Digestibility of Beef Heifers D. D. Henry, F. M. Ciriaco, M. Ruiz-Moreno, V. R. G. Mercadante, T. M. Schulmeister, G. C. Lamb, N. DiLorenzo
More informationEffects of Supplementation with a Mixture of Molasses and Crude Glycerol on Ruminal Fermentation of Beef Steers Consuming Bermudagrass Hay
Effects of Supplementation with a Mixture of Molasses and Crude Glycerol on Ruminal Fermentation of Beef Steers Consuming Bermudagrass Hay F. M. Ciriaco 1, D. D. Henry 1, V. R. G. Mercadante 1, T. Schulmeister
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL DEGRADABLE PROTEIN REQUIREMENT FOR CATTLE FED STOCKPILED BERMUDAGRASS FORAGE. Authors:
SUPPLEMENTAL DEGRADABLE PROTEIN REQUIREMENT FOR CATTLE FED STOCKPILED BERMUDAGRASS FORAGE 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 96-99 J.S. Wheeler, D.L. Lalman, S. Janloo and
More informationResponse of Ruminants to Protein Supplementation is Affected by Type of Low-quality Forage 1
Oregon State University BEEF0028 Beef Research Report Beef Cattle Sciences Response of Ruminants to Protein Supplementation is Affected by Type of Low-quality Forage 1 David W. Bohnert 2, Timothy DelCurto
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN REQUIREMENT FOR BEEF COWS GRAZING STOCKPILED BERMUDAGRASS. Authors:
SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN REQUIREMENT FOR BEEF COWS GRAZING STOCKPILED BERMUDAGRASS 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 92-95 J.S. Wheeler, D.L. Lalman, C.A. Lents and L.A. Redmon
More informationEFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENT SOURCE ON INTAKE, DIGESTION AND RUMINAL KINETICS OF STEERS FED PRAIRIE HAY. Authors:
1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENT SOURCE ON INTAKE, DIGESTION AND RUMINAL KINETICS OF STEERS FED PRAIRIE HAY Story in Brief Pages 216-221 T.N. Bodine, H.T. Purvis II, M.T.
More informationT.N. Bodine, H.T. Purvis II and D.A. Cox. Pages Animal Science Research Report
T.N. Bodine, H.T. Purvis II and D.A. Cox 2000 Animal Science Research Report Pages 33-39 Effects of supplemental energy and Degradable Intake Protein on grazing behavior, forage intake, digestion and performance
More informationMOLASSES AND COTTONSEED MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMMONIATED HAY FOR YEARLING CATTLE
MOLASSES AND COTTONSEED MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMMONIATED HAY FOR YEARLING CATTLE SUMMARY W.F. Brown Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of molasses and/or cottonseed meal supplementation
More informationEFFECT OF A REVALOR-G IMPLANT AND SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN ON WEIGHT GAIN OF STEERS WINTERED ON DORMANT TALLGRASS PRAIRIE OR OLD WORLD BLUESTEM
EFFECT OF A REVALOR-G IMPLANT AND SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN ON WEIGHT GAIN OF STEERS WINTERED ON DORMANT TALLGRASS PRAIRIE OR OLD WORLD BLUESTEM C. J. Ackerman 2, S. I. Paisley 2, H. T. Purvis II
More informationEffect of the Frequency of Corn Supplementation on a High Quality Alfalfa Hay Utilization by Cattle
Effect of the Frequency of Corn Supplementation on a High Quality Alfalfa Hay Utilization by Cattle A.F. La Manna, H.T. Purvis II, T.N. Bodine, G.W. Horn, and F.N. Owens Story in Brief Two trials were
More informationEffects of Increased Inclusion of Algae Meal on Lamb Total Tract Digestibility
Animal Industry Report AS 661 ASL R3003 2015 Effects of Increased Inclusion of Algae Meal on Lamb Total Tract Digestibility Rebecca S. Stokes Iowa State University, rsstokes@iastate.edu Megan L. Van Emon
More informationDried Distillers Grains and(or) Soybean Hulls to Background Beef Calves Fed Bahiagrass Forage
Dried Distillers Grains and(or) Soybean Hulls to Background Beef Calves Fed Bahiagrass Forage Jacqueline Wahrmund Matt Hersom 1 Co-products dried distillers grains or soybean hulls can be utilized as supplements
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING MANURE EXCRETION BY DAIRY COWS 1
FACTORS AFFECTING MANURE EXCRETION BY DAIRY COWS 1 W. P. Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University Manure in an inevitable byproduct
More informationINCREASING PERFORMANCE OF GROWING CATTLE AFTER WEANING USING COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED MEAL SUPPLEMENTS
INCREASING PERFORMANCE OF GROWING CATTLE AFTER WEANING USING COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED MEAL SUPPLEMENTS G. M. Hill, J. F. Baker, B.C. Hand, G. W. Stone, M. Keeler and T. Ingram Univ. of Georgia, Dept.
More informationPerformance of Beef Calves Provided Molasses-Based Creep Supplements
Performance of Beef Calves Provided Molasses-Based Creep Supplements John Arthington 1 Molasses-based liquid creep supplements have the advantage of self-limiting intake in suckling beef calves. Performance
More informationINTERPRETING FORAGE QUALITY TEST REPORTS
INTERPRETING FORAGE QUALITY TEST REPORTS Donna M. Amaral-Phillips, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Forages are the foundation for building diets for beef and dairy cattle,
More informationForage Intake of Range Cows as Mfected Breed and Level of Winter Supplement
Forage Intake of Range Cows as Mfected Breed and Level of Winter Supplement by K.S. Lusby, D.F. Stephens, Leon Knori and Robert Totusek Story in Brief The effects of breed and level of winter supplement
More informationEFFECT OF INCREASING DIETARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON INTAKE, DIGESTION, AND RUMINAL FERMENTATION IN LIMIT-FED STEERS
EFFECT OF INCREASING DIETARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON INTAKE, DIGESTION, AND RUMINAL FERMENTATION IN LIMIT-FED STEERS An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by KELLI FRANKS Submitted to the Undergraduate
More informationPROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION: DAILY, ONCE EVERY 5 DAYS, OR ONCE EVERY 10 DAYS
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION: DAILY, ONCE EVERY 5 DAYS, OR ONCE EVERY 10 DAYS C.S. Schauer 1, J. Caton 2, D. Drolc 1, D. Pearson 1, D. Stecher 1, and M. Stamm 1 1 Hettinger Research Extension Center, NDSU,
More informationDIET DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO FEEDING WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND A PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR
Dairy Day 2002 DIET DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO FEEDING WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND A PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR E. E. Ferdinand, J. E. Shirley, E. C. Titgemeyer,
More informationProceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science. Vol. 63, 2012
#737 Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science Vol. 63, 2012 PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF LOW-QUALITY FORAGE: EFFECTS OF AMOUNT AND FREQUENCY ON INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY
More informationEFFECTS OF FEEDING WHOLE COTTONSEED COATED WITH STARCH, UREA, OR YEAST ON PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS
EFFECTS OF FEEDING WHOLE COTTONSEED COATED WITH STARCH, UREA, OR YEAST ON PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS Kelly M. Cooke and John K. Bernard Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton
More informationESTIMATING THE ENERGY VALUE OF CORN SILAGE AND OTHER FORAGES. P.H. Robinson 1 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
ESTIMATING THE ENERGY VALUE OF CORN SILAGE AND OTHER FORAGES P.H. Robinson 1 ABSTRACT It is possible to estimate the energy value of ruminant feeds if some chemical assays of the feedstuffs, and the estimated
More informationForage Testing and Supplementation
Outline Forage Testing and Logan Wallace Livestock Specialist Testing Hay Nutrient Value/Requirements Strategies Management based Feed substitution Variance in Hay Species Maturities Weathering Why take
More informationExercise 2 Feed Composition and Nutrient Requirements 20 Points
Exercise 2 Feed Composition and Nutrient Requirements 20 Points The objective of this laboratory exercise is to familiarize the student with the feed composition and nutrient requirement tables in the
More informationBeef Cattle Nutrient Requirements
Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Nutrients Required by Beef Cattle Beef cattle require nutrients to support body maintenance, reproduction, lactation, and growth. The nutritional needs of beef cattle
More informationThe use of n-alkanes to estimate supplementary grass silage intake in grazing dairy cows
Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge (1998), 131, 205 209. 1998 Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom 205 The use of n-alkanes to estimate supplementary grass silage intake in
More informationHigh Sulfur Content in Distillers Grains Alters Ruminal Fermentation and Diet Digestibility in Beef Steers
Sulfur Content in Distillers Grains Alters Ruminal Fermentation and Diet Digestibility in Beef Steers S. Uwituze, G.L. Parsons, K.K. Karges 1, M.L. Gibson 1, L.C. Hollis, and J.S. Drouillard Introduction
More informationApplied Beef Nutrition Ration Formulation Short Course. Beef Ration and Nutrition Decision Software
Applied Beef Nutrition Ration Formulation Short Course Beef Ration and Nutrition Decision Software Provide your local values Hoglund, 1964 Pasture Analysis A 5% loss in carbon through respiration and
More informationBeef Cattle Nutrient Requirements
Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Nutrients Required by Beef Cattle Beef cattle require nutrients to support body maintenance, reproduction, lactation, and growth. The nutritional needs of beef cattle
More informationAnimal Industry Report
Animal Industry Report AS 661 ASL R2951 2015 Influence of Distillers Grains from a Cellulosic Ethanol Process Utilizing Corn Kernel Fiber on Nutrient Digestibility of Lambs and Steer Feedlot Performance
More informationCHAMPION TOC INDEX. Protein Requirements of Feedlot Cattle. E. K. Okine, G. W. Mathison and R. R. Corbett. Take Home Message
TOC INDEX CHAMPION Feed Services Ltd. Protein Requirements of Feedlot Cattle E. K. Okine, G. W. Mathison and R. R. Corbett Take Home Message The new Nutrient Requirements (NRC) of Beef Cattle published
More informationWhy Graze? Supplementing Lactating Cows Requires Different Thinking. Grazing when grazing wasn t cool!! WHY? Good Pasture WVU Circular 379 Early 50s
Supplementing Lactating Cows Requires Different Thinking Why Graze? Low cost feed source for seasonal dairy Least cost way to begin dairying Protein source for conventional dairy Carl E. Polan, Virginia
More informationEFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING PRAIRIE HAY WITH TWO LEVELS OF CORN AND FOUR LEVELS OF DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN. II. RUMINAL PARAMETERS OF STEERS.
1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: T.N. Bodine, H.T. Purvis II and C.J. Ackerman EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING PRAIRIE HAY WITH TWO LEVELS OF CORN AND FOUR LEVELS OF DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN. II.
More informationINTAKEANDDIGESTIBiliTY
EFFECTS OF LACTATION TYPE OF SUPPLEMENTS ON FORAGE INTAKEANDDIGESTIBiliTY T.T. Marston1 and K. S. Lusby2 Story In Brief Spring-calving beef cows were used in two consecutive years, (n=32, year 1; n=42,
More informationEffective Practices In Sheep Production Series
Effective Practices In Sheep Production Series Understanding Feed Test Analysis Terms The key to accurate feed tests is correct sampling of your forages and grains. Equally important, is understanding
More informationA COMPARISON OF FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN A SIMULATED GRAZE-OUT FOR TWELVE VARIETIES OF HARD RED AND WHITE WINTER WHEAT
Beef Cattle Research 2005 A COMPARISON OF FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN A SIMULATED GRAZE-OUT FOR TWELVE VARIETIES OF HARD RED AND WHITE WINTER WHEAT R. L. Hale 1, C. T. Thompson 1, T. J. Dumler 1, and C.
More informationSITES OF ORGANIC MATTER, FIBER, AND STARCH DIGESTION IN STEERS FED FRESH ALFALFA AND SUPPLEMENTED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CRACKED CORN
SITES OF ORGANIC MATTER, FIBER, AND STARCH DIGESTION IN STEERS FED FRESH ALFALFA AND SUPPLEMENTED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CRACKED CORN SUMMARY J. C. Elizalde, N. R. Merchen, and D. B. Faulkner The effect
More informationMatching Hay to the Cow s Requirement Based on Forage Test
Matching Hay to the Cow s Requirement Based on Forage Test Ed Rayburn, Extension Specialist WVU Extension Service, Agriculture and Natural Resources October 2013 The conventional method for matching hay
More informationSupplementation for the Cow-Calf Calf Producer
Supplementation for the Cow-Calf Calf Producer Jason Cleere Assistant Professor Extension Beef Cattle Specialist Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University Why is nutrition important??? Animal Nutrition
More information2011 VERMONT ORGANIC CORN SILAGE VARIETY TRIAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
2011 VERMONT ORGANIC CORN SILAGE VARIETY TRIAL Many organic dairies are considering corn silage production to help reduce expensive concentrate purchases. Corn silage is a good source of energy/starch
More informationEFFECTS OF MONENSIN ON INTAKE OF A SELF-LIMITED ENERGY SUPPLEMENT FOR GROWING STEERS GRAZING WINTER WHEAT PASTURE
EFFECTS OF MONENSIN ON INTAKE OF A SELF-LIMITED ENERGY SUPPLEMENT FOR GROWING STEERS GRAZING WINTER WHEAT PASTURE S.I. Paisley 1 and G.W. Horn 2 Story in Brief A study was conducted to determine the effect
More informationNutrient digestibility of 4 varieties of triticale compared to CPS wheat for broilers
Nutrient digestibility of 4 varieties of triticale compared to CPS wheat for broilers Matt Oryschak *1, Doug Korver 2 and Eduardo Beltranena 1,2 1 Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB,
More informationDefining Forage Quality 1
SS-AGR-322 1 Adegbola T. Adesogan, Joao Vendramini, Lynn Sollenberger, and Yoana Newman 2 Forages are a major asset of any livestock operation and the foundation of most rations in a forage-based livestock
More informationHow to Maximize Energy Content in Forage Grasses
How to Maximize Energy Content in Forage Grasses Dr. S. Ray Smith and Kelly Prince Forage Extension Specialist and Masters Student University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Raysmith1@uky.edu or (859) 257-3358
More informationRFV VS. RFQ WHICH IS BETTER
RFV VS. RFQ WHICH IS BETTER Tom Keene, University of Kentucky, Plant & Soil Science Department Peter Jeranyama, South Dakota State University, Plant Science Department Alvaro D. Garcia, South Dakota State
More informationMiguel S. Castillo Juan J. Romero Yuchen Zhao Youngho Joo Jinwoo Park
Crop Science Department Forage And Grassland Program! CORN SILAGE VARIETY TESTING REPORT PREPARED FOR THE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION (WAYNESVILLE, 2014) Miguel S. Castillo (mscastil@ncsu.edu) Juan J. Romero
More informationLambs & Fieldpeas Sheep Day Report. Field Pea as a feedstuff for growing lambs. Introduction
Lambs & Fieldpeas- 1998 Sheep Day Report Field Pea as a feedstuff for growing lambs. W. W. Poland (1) and T. C. Faller (2) Introduction Grain producers are beginning to recognize the advantages of adding
More informationCOMPARISON OF THREE DIGESTIBILITY MARKERS IN BEEF CATTLE FED FINISHING RATIONS CONTAINING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF SUPPLEMENTAL FAT
COMPARISON OF THREE DIGESTIBILITY MARKERS IN BEEF CATTLE FED FINISHING RATIONS CONTAINING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF SUPPLEMENTAL FAT An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by AMELIA LYNN CHRISTIAN Submitted
More informationEffects of Xylanase in High-Co-Product Diets on Nutrient Digestibility in Finishing Pigs 1
Effects of Xylanase in High-Co-Product Diets on Nutrient Digestibility in Finishing Pigs M. D. Asmus, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. L. Nelssen, and S. S. Dritz Summary A total of 36
More informationFeed Particle Separation Due to Feed Delivery and Time in Feed Bunk and Effects on Cattle Performance
Animal Industry Report AS 655 ASL R2422 2009 Feed Particle Separation Due to Feed Delivery and Time in Feed Bunk and Effects on Cattle Performance Garland Dahlke Iowa State University Daryl R. Strohbehn
More informationEffects of Roughage Level and Fibrozyme TM Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Beef Steers
Effects of Roughage Level and Fibrozyme TM Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Beef Steers J.J. Cranston, C.R. Krehbiel, L.J. McBeth, and R.A. Ball Story in Brief The
More informationFact Sheet. Feed Testing & Analysis for Beef Cattle
Beef Cattle Research Council Fact Sheet Research & technology development for the Canadian Beef Industry Feed Testing & Analysis for Beef Cattle Feeding beef cattle, regardless of class, is typically the
More informationProtein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1
Protein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1 Bill Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691 email:
More informationResearch Report Forage Sorghum Hybrid Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015
Research Report Forage Sorghum Hybrid Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015 AZ1729 January 2017 M. J. Ottman 1, D. E. Diaz 2, M. D. Sheedy 3, and R. W. Ward 4 1 Extension Agronomist, University of Arizona,
More informationLocation: Luling, Texas
2017 Small Grain Forage Variety Trial Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Dwight Sexton, CEA-Ag, Gonzales Co.; Julie Zimmerman, CEA-Ag, Caldwell Co.; Rachel Bauer, CEA-Ag, Bastrop Co.; Travis Franke and
More informationUnderstanding Dairy Nutrition Terminology
Understanding Dairy Nutrition Terminology Mat Haan, Penn State Dairy Educator, Berks County Lucas Mitchell, Penn State Department of Animal Science Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop November 15, 2017 Interpreting
More informationEnergy utilization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (RO-DDGS) in swine
Energy utilization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (RO-DDGS) in swine Brian J. Kerr,* Thomas E. Weber,* and Michael E. Persia *USDA-ARS-NLAE, Ames, Iowa 011; and Iowa State University,
More informationEffect of Feeding Wheat Straw or Sorghum-Sudan Hay on Gains and Wheat Forage Utilization of Stocker Cattle
Table 2. Regressioncoefficients of regressions of daily gain on Initial body weight of steers grazed on wheat pasture Year coefflclentl Regression Probab~lty level 1 -.22.001 2.002.98 3 -.13.10 4 -.15.06
More informationSMALL GRAIN CEREAL FORAGES: TIPS FOR EVALUATING VARIETIES AND TEST RESULTS. George Fohner 1 ABSTRACT
SMALL GRAIN CEREAL FORAGES: TIPS FOR EVALUATING VARIETIES AND TEST RESULTS George Fohner 1 ABSTRACT The attributes of small grain cereal forages that increase their versatility and value also can complicate
More informationComposition and Nutritive Value of Corn Fractions and Ethanol Co-products Resulting from a New Dry-milling Process 1
Composition and Nutritive Value of Corn Fractions and Ethanol Co-products Resulting from a New Dry-milling Process 1 Greg B. Kleinhans 2, Robbi H. Pritchard 3, and Simone M. Holt 4 Department of Animal
More informationFundamentals of Ration Balancing for Beef Cattle Part II: Nutrient Terminology
Fundamentals of Ration Balancing for Beef Cattle Part II: Nutrient Terminology Randy Wiedmeier, Regional Livestock Specialist, South-Central Area What information and skills are required to balance diet
More informationSummary. Procedures. (Key Words: Sorghum, Distillers Grains, Waxy, Endosperm, Finishing Pigs.) Introduction
Swine Day 1998 EFFECTS OF WHOLE GRAIN AND DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES FROM NORMAL AND HETEROWAXY ENDOSPERM SORGHUMS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS
More information2015 Forage Brassica Variety Trial
2015 Forage Brassica Variety Trial Dr. Heather Darby, UVM Extension Agronomist Hillary Emick, Lily Calderwood, Erica Cummings, Abha Gupta, Julian Post, and Sara Ziegler UVM Extension Crops and Soils Technicians
More informationD. Price 1, M. Hersom 1, J. Yelich 1, M. Irsik 2, O. Rae 2
Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Trace Mineral Supplement Source Provided To Gestating Angus and Brangus Cows over Two Production Cycles on Performance and Trace Mineral Status of Cows D. Price 1, M.
More informationEnergy and Nitrogen Balance of Pigs Fed Four Corn Grains
Energy and Nitrogen Balance of Pigs Fed Four Corn Grains R.W. Fent, S.D. Carter, M.J. Rincker, and J.S. Park Story in Brief Because corn is the primary energy source in diets for pigs, any variability
More informationSheep Feeding Programs: Forage and Feed Analysis
Sheep Feeding Programs: Forage and Feed Analysis Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Step 1. Choose the Feeds to be Tested Step 2. Collect the Feed Sample Step 3. Submit the Feed Samples Step
More informationMaking Forage Analysis Work for You in Balancing Livestock Rations and Marketing Hay
A3325 Making Forage Analysis Work for You in Balancing Livestock Rations and Marketing Hay Dan Undersander, W. Terry Howard, and Randy Shaver Forage and grain samples differ in their chemical composition
More informationID # EFFECTT OF SUPPLEMENTS ON FORAGE DEGRADABILITY OF Brachiaria. brizantha cv. Marandu GRAZED BY STEERS *
ID # 19-05 EFFECTT OF SUPPLEMENTS ON FORAGE DEGRADABILITY OF Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu GRAZED BY STEERS * J. R. A. Pereira 1, R. A. Reis 2, L. R. de A. Rodrigues 2 and. D.Freitas 3. 1 Depto. de
More informationCHAMPION TOC INDEX. Characteristics of Common Feed Grains. Darryl Gibb. Take Home Message
TOC INDEX CHAMPION Feed Services Ltd. Characteristics of Common Feed Grains Darryl Gibb Take Home Message Grains are an excellent source of energy, a good source of protein, and a fair source of all the
More informationSUPPLEMENTS FOR LIGHT WEIGHT CALVES RECEIVED AND GROWN ON NATIVE GRASS HAY. Story in Brief
SUPPLEMENTS FOR LIGHT WEIGHT CALVES RECEIVED AND GROWN ON NATIVE GRASS HAY M.A. Kaill and K.S. Lusby2 Story in Brief Fifty-eight 3- to 4-month old Hereford and Hereford X Angus calves (240 lb) were used
More informationAnimal Industry Report
Animal Industry Report AS 661 ASL R2959 2015 Influence of Corn Particle Size on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics When Fed Diets with Moderate Inclusions of Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles
More informationCOMPLETE LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COWS FED WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR
Dairy Day 2002 COMPLETE LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COWS FED WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR E. E. Ferdinand, J. E. Shirley, E. C. Titgemeyer, J. M.
More informationEFFECTS OF FOUR SOYBEAN MEAL PRODUCTS ON LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS. M. S. Awawdeh, E. C. Titgemeyer, J. S. Drouillard, and J. E.
Dairy Research 2006 EFFECTS OF FOUR SOYBEAN MEAL PRODUCTS ON LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS M. S. Awawdeh, E. C. Titgemeyer, J. S. Drouillard, and J. E. Shirley Summary Thirty-two multiparous Holstein
More informationALMLM HAY QUALITY: TERMS AND DEFIN"IONS
ALMLM HAY QUALITY: TERMS AND DEFIN"IONS Garry D. Lacefield Extension Forage Specialist University of Kentucky At the 22"d Kentucky Alfalfa Conference we discussed the relationship among Alfalfa - Yield-Quality-Persistence.
More informationForage Quality and Livestock Nutrition on Pasture. Patrick Davis, Ph. D. Johnson County MU Extension Livestock Specialist
Forage Quality and Livestock Nutrition on Pasture Patrick Davis, Ph. D. Johnson County MU Extension Livestock Specialist Topics Ruminant Nutrition Factors Effecting Forage Quality Nutrient requirements
More informationTropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
SHORT NOTE [NOTA CORTA] Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, RUMEN METABOLISM AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GOAT KIDS RAISED UNDER DIFFERENT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS [CONSUMO, DIGESTIBILIDAD,
More informationLIVESTOCK NUTRITION HAY QUALITY AND TESTING PATRICK DAVIS, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI REGIONAL LIVESTOCK SPECIALIST
LIVESTOCK NUTRITION HAY QUALITY AND TESTING PATRICK DAVIS, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI REGIONAL LIVESTOCK SPECIALIST University of Missouri Extension provides equal opportunity to all participants in extension
More informationThe four stomachs of a dairy cow
The four stomachs of a dairy cow Left side view 1) Rumen 2) Reticulum 3) Omasum 4) Abomasum Reticulo-omasal orifice (reticulo-rumen exit) (on the right side of the cow) (on the right side of the cow) Esophagus
More informationSubstitution of Neutral Detergent Fiber from Forage with Neutral Detergent Fiber from By-Products in the Diets of Lactating Cows
Substitution of Neutral Detergent Fiber from Forage with Neutral Detergent Fiber from By-Products in the Diets of Lactating Cows J. S. ZHU,*,1 S. R. STOKES,*,2,3 and M. R. MURPHY *Department of Animal
More informationNonstructural and Structural Carbohydrates in Dairy Cattle Rations 1
CIR1122 Nonstructural and Structural Carbohydrates in Dairy Cattle Rations 1 Barney Harris, Jr. 2 Carbohydrates are the largest component in the dairy ration and contribute 60 to 70% of the net energy
More informationCOW SUPPLEMENTATION: GETTING THE BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK. Low Quality Forage. Ruminant Digestive Anatomy. How do we get the best bang for the buck?
COW SUPPLEMENTATION: GETTING THE BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK Ken Olson Extension Beef Specialist How do we get the best bang for the buck? 2 aspects: Biology: Use the right feeds to provide the right nutrients
More informationCool-Season Forage Hays: Nutritive Value and Quality
Cool-Season Forage Hays: Nutritive Value and Quality Cool-Season Forage Hays: Nutritive Value and Quality J. C. Burns, Professor, Departments of Crop Science and Animal Science, North Carolina State University;
More informationChoosing the Right Corn Hybrid for Silage 1. William P. Weiss
1. Take Home Message Choosing the Right Corn Hybrid for Silage 1 William P. Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
More informationBasic Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cows 1
AN190 1 Matt Hersom 2 Introduction Meeting the basic nutrient requirements of beef cows is a key component of meeting cow herd production and profitability goals for the beef cattle enterprise. Adequate
More informationSUBSTITUTING STEAM-FLAKED CORN WITH DISTILLER S GRAINS ALTERS RUMINAL FERMENTATION AND DIET DIGESTIBILITY
Beef Cattle Research 2008 SUBSTITUTING STEAM-FLAKED CORN WITH DISTILLER S GRAINS ALTERS RUMINAL FERMENTATION AND DIET DIGESTIBILITY S. Uwituze, G.L. Parsons, M. K. Shelor, B.E. Depenbusch, K. K. Karges
More informationTechniques to Reduce Free-Choice Liquid Supplement Consumption in Beef Cattle
Techniques to Reduce Free-Choice Liquid Supplement Consumption in Beef Cattle Paul A. Davis, William E. Kunkle and John D. Arthington Department of Animal Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville Introduction
More informationThe Effect of Heat Treatment of Forages on Degradation Kinetics and Escape Protein Concentration
The Effect of Heat Treatment of Forages on Degradation Kinetics and Escape Protein Concentration A. S. Leaflet R1547 M. A. Karsli, graduate research assistant, and J. R. Russell, professor of animal science.
More informationHarvesting sulla for yield and quality
E.M.K. Minnee, SJ Bluett, and S.L.Woodward Dexcel, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton Abstract Deciding when to harvest sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) can be a compromise between herbage yield and forage nutritive
More informationUse of Glycerol as a Corn Replacement in Calf Starter Diets Project number: AIC044 Project date: July 7, 2010
Use of Glycerol as a Corn Replacement in Calf Starter Diets Project number: AIC044 Project date: July 7, 2010 Acknowledgement Financial support from the United States Department of Energy, Golden, Colorado,
More informationP. Namanee, S. Kuprasert and W. Ngampongsai. Abstract
ก ก Apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient, nitrogen retention and rumen ecology of goat fed pineapple waste as roughage source P. Namanee, S. Kuprasert and W. Ngampongsai Abstract The objective of
More informationCOMPARATIVE FEED VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CORN PRE AND POST GRAZING. October 17, 2012
COMPARATIVE FEED VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CORN PRE AND POST GRAZING October 17, 2012 Co-operators: Ralph Daling Farms and Perennia The objective of this trial was to compare the feed value of whole plant corn
More informationBasic Cow Nutrition. Dr. Matt Hersom 1
Basic Cow Nutrition Dr. Matt Hersom 1 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, FL Introduction The cow is our basic production unit and most important employee of the beef enterprise.
More informationTexas Panhandle Sorghum Hay Trial 2008
Texas Panhandle Sorghum Hay Trial 2008 Brent Bean 1, Bob Villarreal 2, Jürg Blumenthal 3, Jake Robinson 2, Rex Brandon 2, Ted McCollum 4, Rex VanMeter 2, and Dennis Pietsch 5 Introduction This was the
More informationVitaFerm + Creep Feed = Easy Transition and Efficient Gain
VitaFerm + Creep Feed = Easy Transition and Efficient Gain A Free Service to You BioZyme has nutritionists on staff that can help you create a creep feed recipe that will meet the requirements specific
More informationEFFECT OF RYEGRASS SILAGE DRY MATTER CONTENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS
EFFECT OF RYEGRASS SILAGE DRY MATTER CONTENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS J. JUAN CASTRO, NATASHA MULLIS, J. K. BERNARD, and J. W. WEST ABSTRACT Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were
More informationN-Alkanes: A technique to measure herbage intake in dairy cows
N-Alkanes: A technique to measure herbage intake in dairy cows Mary McEvoy Grassland Science Research Dept., Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Ireland Background Herbage intake
More informationSupplement Types - Energy. ME Fixed? What is Metabolisable Energy? Feeding Supplements & Practical Ration Balancing. Dr Julian Waters 3/1/16
Key Nutritional Principles for Profitable Dairy Farming Feeding Supplements & Practical Ration Balancing 14 13 12 11 Supplement Types - Energy ME (MJ/kg DM) Dr Julian Waters Protected Fats 32-37 MJ Expeller
More information2017 WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA CORN SILAGE VARIETY TEST REPORT
2017 WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA CORN SILAGE VARIETY TEST REPORT 2017 Corn Silage Variety Trial Contributors Kyle Miller - Livestock & Forage Unit Manager Mtn. Research Station Kaleb Rathbone - Superintendent
More information